Django项目 实例 日记

参考资料：

Django documentation

Django 基础教程

涉及的python包：

django，jieba，MySqldb，json，re，urllib2/scrapy，datetime

1.创建

C:\python\Django>django-admin startproject stripC:\python\Django>cd stripC:\python\Django\strip>tree /f卷 Windows8_OS 的文件夹 PATH 列表卷序列号为 00000090 EA34:912DC:.│  manage.py│└─strip        settings.py        urls.py        wsgi.py        __init__.py

2.生成app

C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py startapp authorC:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py startapp spot

C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py startapp spotC:.│  manage.py│├─author│  │  admin.py│  │  models.py│  │  tests.py│  │  views.py│  │  __init__.py│  ││  └─migrations│          __init__.py│├─spot│  │  admin.py│  │  models.py│  │  tests.py│  │  views.py│  │  __init__.py│  ││  └─migrations│          __init__.py│└─strip        settings.py        settings.pyc        urls.py        wsgi.py        __init__.py        __init__.pyc

3.在settings中添加app

1.修改strip/settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = (    'django.contrib.admin',    'django.contrib.auth',    'django.contrib.contenttypes',    'django.contrib.sessions',    'django.contrib.messages',    'django.contrib.staticfiles',    'author',    'spot',)

2.检查与数据库的链接

C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py shellIn [2]: from django.db import connection as connIn [3]: print conn<django.db.DefaultConnectionProxy object at 0x0000000002D90EF0>

4.分析网站中应该创建的对象实例，表。

略

5.添加数据库信息

修改strip/settings.py

DATABASES = {    'default': {        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',        'NAME': 'smartrip',        'USER':'root',        'PASSWORD':'root',        'HOST':'',        'PORT':'',    }}

6.编写app的models

author/mdoels.py

from django.db import modelsfrom django.utils import timezone# Create your models here.class user(models.Model):email = models.EmailField(default='')username = models.CharField(max_length=40,unique=True)pword = models.CharField(max_length=20)cdate = models.DateField(default=timezone.now)birth = models.DateField(default=timezone.now)mysite = models.URLField(default='')sex = models.IntegerField(default=0)intro = models.TextField(default='')def __unicode__(self):return self.username

spot/models.py

from django.db import modelsfrom django.utils import timezonefrom author.models import user# Create your models here.class spot(models.Model):spotname = models.TextField(default='')address = models.CharField(max_length=100)want_it = models.IntegerField(default=0)description = models.TextField(default='')style = models.CharField(default='',max_length=12)cover = models.TextField(default='')visited = models.IntegerField(default=0)def __unicode__(self):return self.spotnameclass photo(models.Model):photo_url = models.TextField(default='')pdate = models.DateField(default=timezone.now)ptext = models.TextField(default='')article_title = models.TextField(default='')article_link = models.TextField(default='')like_it = models.IntegerField(default=0)spot = models.ForeignKey(spot,null=True,blank=True)keyWords = models.TextField(default='')def __unicode__(self):return photo_urlclass article(models.Model):mileage = models.FloatField(default=0)day_count = models.CharField(max_length=5,null=True)click = models.IntegerField(default=0)visited = models.IntegerField(default=0)routes = models.TextField(default='')want_it = models.IntegerField(default=0)coverpic = models.TextField(default='')user = models.ForeignKey(user,null=True,blank=True)spots = models.ManyToManyField(spot,blank=True)photos = models.ManyToManyField(photo,blank=True)def __unicode__(self):return self.article_title

7.生成models

1.形成变更

C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py makemigrationsSystem check identified some issues:WARNINGS:spot.article.photos: (fields.W340) null has no effect on ManyToManyField.spot.article.spots: (fields.W340) null has no effect on ManyToManyField.Migrations for 'spot':  0001_initial.py:    - Create model article    - Create model photo    - Create model spot    - Add field spot to photo    - Add field photos to article    - Add field spots to article    - Add field user to articleMigrations for 'author':  0001_initial.py:    - Create model user

2.查看变更的sql语句

C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py sqlmigrate author 0001BEGIN;CREATE TABLE `author_user` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `email` varchar(254) NOT NULL, `username` varchar(40) NOT NULL UNIQUE, `pword` varchar(20) NOT NULL, `cdate` date NOT NULL, `birth` date NOT NULL, `mysite` varchar(200) NOT NULL, `sex` integer NOT NULL, `intro` longtext NOT NULL);COMMIT;

C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py sqlmigrate spot 0001BEGIN;CREATE TABLE `spot_article` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `mileage` double precision NOT NULL, `day_count` varchar(5) NULL, `click` integer NOT NULL, `visited` integer NOT NULL, `routes` longtext NOT NULL, `want_it` integer NOT NULL, `coverpic` longtext NOT NULL);CREATE TABLE `spot_photo` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `photo_url` longtext NOT NULL, `pdate` date NOT NULL, `ptext` longtext NOT NULL, `article_title` longtext NOT NULL, `article_link` longtext NOT NULL, `like_it` integer NOT NULL, `keyWords` longtext NOT NULL);CREATE TABLE `spot_spot` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `spotname` longtext NOT NULL, `address` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `want_it` integer NOT NULL, `description` longtext NOT NULL, `style` varchar(12) NOT NULL, `cover` longtext NOT NULL, `visited` integer NOT NULL);ALTER TABLE `spot_photo` ADD COLUMN `spot_id` integer NULL;ALTER TABLE `spot_photo` ALTER COLUMN `spot_id` DROP DEFAULT;CREATE TABLE `spot_article_photos` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `article_id` integer NOT NULL, `photo_id` integer NOT NULL, UNIQUE (`article_id`, `photo_id`));CREATE TABLE `spot_article_spots` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `article_id` integer NOT NULL, `spot_id` integer NOT NULL, UNIQUE (`article_id`, `spot_id`));ALTER TABLE `spot_article` ADD COLUMN `user_id` integer NULL;ALTER TABLE `spot_article` ALTER COLUMN `user_id` DROP DEFAULT;CREATE INDEX `spot_photo_e72b53d4` ON `spot_photo` (`spot_id`);ALTER TABLE `spot_photo` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_photo_spot_id_281298f_fk_spot_spot_id` FOREIGN KEY (`spot_id`) REFERENCES `spot_spot` (`id`);ALTER TABLE `spot_article_photos` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_article_photos_article_id_18e821d_fk_spot_article_id` FOREIGN KEY (`article_id`) REFERENCES `spot_article` (`id`);ALTER TABLE `spot_article_photos` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_article_photos_photo_id_51ee98db_fk_spot_photo_id` FOREIGN KEY (`photo_id`) REFERENCES `spot_photo` (`id`);CREATE INDEX `spot_article_photos_a00c1b00` ON `spot_article_photos` (`article_id`);CREATE INDEX `spot_article_photos_b4e75e23` ON `spot_article_photos` (`photo_id`);ALTER TABLE `spot_article_spots` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_article_spots_article_id_7c4e22bc_fk_spot_article_id` FOREIGN KEY (`article_id`) REFERENCES `spot_article` (`id`);ALTER TABLE `spot_article_spots` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_article_spots_spot_id_723f7c87_fk_spot_spot_id` FOREIGN KEY (`spot_id`) REFERENCES `spot_spot` (`id`);CREATE INDEX `spot_article_spots_a00c1b00` ON `spot_article_spots` (`article_id`);CREATE INDEX `spot_article_spots_e72b53d4` ON `spot_article_spots` (`spot_id`);CREATE INDEX `spot_article_e8701ad4` ON `spot_article` (`user_id`);ALTER TABLE `spot_article` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_article_user_id_42c7d0d8_fk_author_user_id` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `author_user` (`id`);COMMIT;

3.生成这些变更

C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py migrateOperations to perform:  Synchronize unmigrated apps: staticfiles, messages  Apply all migrations: sessions, admin, author, spot, auth, contenttypesSynchronizing apps without migrations:  Creating tables...  Installing custom SQL...  Installing indexes...Running migrations:  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK  Applying author.0001_initial... OK  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK  Applying spot.0001_initial... OK

4.查看mysql

C:\python\Django\strip>mysql -u root -p smartripEnter password: ****

mysql> show tables;+----------------------------+| Tables_in_smartrip         |+----------------------------+| auth_group                 || auth_group_permissions     || auth_permission            || auth_user                  || auth_user_groups           || auth_user_user_permissions || author_user                || django_admin_log           || django_content_type        || django_migrations          || django_session             || spot_article               || spot_article_photos        || spot_article_spots         || spot_photo                 || spot_spot                  |+----------------------------+16 rows in set (0.00 sec)

auth 前缀的表示django为admin自动生成的superuser表

django 前缀的表包含了变更models的历史

app名称为前缀的表就是models.py中代码的映射。

其中多对多关系ManyToManyField将被自动的映射为一张包含两种id对应信息的表

 

mysql> desc  spot_article_photos;+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field      | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| id         | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment || article_id | int(11) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                || photo_id   | int(11) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+3 rows in set (0.02 sec)mysql> desc spot_photo;+---------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field         | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+---------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| id            | int(11)  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment || photo_url     | longtext | NO   |     | NULL    |                || pdate         | date     | NO   |     | NULL    |                || ptext         | longtext | NO   |     | NULL    |                || article_title | longtext | NO   |     | NULL    |                || article_link  | longtext | NO   |     | NULL    |                || like_it       | int(11)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                || keyWords      | longtext | NO   |     | NULL    |                || spot_id       | int(11)  | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |+---------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+9 rows in set (0.02 sec)mysql> desc spot_article;+-----------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field     | Type       | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+-----------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| id        | int(11)    | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment || mileage   | double     | NO   |     | NULL    |                || day_count | varchar(5) | YES  |     | NULL    |                || click     | int(11)    | NO   |     | NULL    |                || visited   | int(11)    | NO   |     | NULL    |                || routes    | longtext   | NO   |     | NULL    |                || want_it   | int(11)    | NO   |     | NULL    |                || coverpic  | longtext   | NO   |     | NULL    |                || user_id   | int(11)    | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |+-----------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+9 rows in set (0.04 sec)

5.利用django的QuerySet API编写注入数据库的脚本

1.先用shell来查看models的类的结构

其余的不给出了

6.完善表之间的m2m关系：

#coding:utf-8import osos.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "strip.settings")import djangoif django.VERSION >= (1, 7):#自动判断版本    django.setup()import jsonimport jiebafrom author.models import *from spot.models import *for a in article.objects.all():    for p in photo.objects.filter(article_url=a.article_url):        a.photos.add(p)for a in article.objects.all():    s = ''    for k in a.photos.values('keyWords'):        s+=','.join(json.loads(k.values()[0]))    for p in spot.objects.all():        for w in jieba.cut(p.spotname,cut_all=True):            if w in s:                a.spots.add(p)

7.创建superuser 管理admin站点

C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py createsuperuserUsername (leave blank to use 'zhiziyun'): wdd1Email address: [e-mail]:Password (again):Superuser created successfully.

8.添加models到admin中：

app/admin:

from django.contrib import admin# Register your models here.from models import spot,photo,articleclass spotadmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('spotname','address','want_it')# filter_horizontal = ('articles',)class articleadmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('article_title','user','want_it','routes')# filter_horizontal = ('photos','trip_days')class photoadmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('article_title','id','keyWords')admin.site.register(spot,spotadmin)admin.site.register(article,articleadmin)admin.site.register(photo,photoadmin)

9.打开admin页面：

C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py runserverPerforming system checks...System check identified no issues (0 silenced).August 24, 2015 - 15:53:58Django version 1.8, using settings 'strip.settings'Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

默认是英文环境，在strip/settings 设置语言环境：

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

这是第一次看到除了代码以为的彩色页面，是不是有点小激动？呵呵，在以后的后台管理中仍然离不开它。它作为一个工具。结合QuerySet是的Django网站的后台管理变得特别的方便。

今天就到这里。

2015-08-24 16:09:56