【Material Design】Toolbar使用

Toolbar

以前，Android 的ActionBar的文字不能随意设置位置，不能自定义添加自己的布局。Google在Android5.0以后推出了一个Toolbar来完全代替之前的Actionbar，Toolbar的出现解决了Actionbar的各种限制，Toolbar可以完全自定义和配置。我们从以下几个点了解Toolbar的使用

1. Toolbar的基础使用
2. Toolbar配置主题Theme
3. Toolbar中常用的控件设置
4. Toolbar的自定义。

Toolbar的基础使用

我们从以下几点来一步一步的学习Toolbar的使用

1. Style（风格）
2. Layout（布局）
3. Activity（代码）

为了能在你的Activity中使用Toolbar，你必须在工程里修改styles.xml文件里的主题风格，系统默认如下

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"AppTheme"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">parent</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

这种Theme表示使用系统之前的ActionBar，那么我们想要使用Toolbar怎么办呢？

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"AppTheme"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">parent</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar"</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

这个主题表示不使用系统的Actionbar了，这是第一步。

Layout布局

为了使用Toolbar，我们第二步是在你的activity_main.xml布局里添加Support v7提供的Toolbar，代码如下

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><RelativeLayout xmlns:android=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>    xmlns:tools=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"http://schemas.android.com/tools"</span>    android:layout_width=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"match_parent"</span>    android:layout_height=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"match_parent"</span>    tools:context=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">".MainActivity"</span>>    <android<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.support</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.v</span>7<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.widget</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Toolbar</span>        android:id=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"@+id/toolbar"</span>        android:layout_width=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"match_parent"</span>        android:layout_height=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"?attr/actionBarSize"</span>        android:minHeight=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"?attr/actionBarSize"</span>        >    </android<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.support</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.v</span>7<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.widget</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Toolbar</span>></RelativeLayout></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul>

为了在你的UI中使用Toolbar，你得为每个activity布局添加Toolbar,并且给Toolbar设置一个id android:id=”@+id/toolbar”。这是第二部。

代码添加Toolbar

为了使用Toolbar，我们第三部是在你的Activity代码中做如下代码处理：

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> Toolbar toolbar;    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        toolbar = findView(R.id.toolbar);        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

代码中通过findView找到Toolbar，然后通过setSupportActionBar(toolbar);将Toolbar设置为Activity的导航栏。

通过上面的三个步骤，你就已经使用了Support v7提供的Toolbar了。

Toolbar配置主题Theme

我们重新配置系统主题Theme，修改styles.xml代码如下：

<code class="hljs applescript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">  <style <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"AppTheme"</span> parent=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar"</span>>        <!<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">-- Customize your theme here. --></span>        <!<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--导航栏底色--></span>        <<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"colorPrimary"</span>>@color/accent_material_dark</<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>>        <!<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--状态栏底色--></span>        <<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"colorPrimaryDark"</span>>@color/accent_material_light</<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>>        <!<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--导航栏上的标题颜色--></span>        <<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"android:textColorPrimary"</span>>@android:color/black</<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>>        <!<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--Activity窗口的颜色--></span>        <<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"android:windowBackground"</span>>@color/material_blue_grey_800</<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>>        <!<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--按钮选中或者点击获得焦点后的颜色--></span>        <<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"colorAccent"</span>><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#00ff00</item></span>        <!<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--和 colorAccent相反，正常状态下按钮的颜色--></span>        <<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"colorControlNormal"</span>><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#ff0000</item></span>        <!<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--Button按钮正常状态颜色--></span>        <<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"colorButtonNormal"</span>>@color/accent_material_light</<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>>        <!<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">--EditText 输入框中字体的颜色--></span>        <<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span> <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"editTextColor"</span>>@android:color/white</<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">item</span>>    </style></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li></ul>

注释都很清楚，再附上一图说明。

Toolbar中常用的控件设置

那么Toolbar是否都有Actionbar的所有功能呢？毋庸置疑，来看代码：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">toolbar = findView(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.id</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.toolbar</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>        setSupportActionBar(toolbar)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>        getSupportActionBar()<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setDisplayShowTitleEnabled</span>(false)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>        toolbar<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setTitle</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"主标题"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>        toolbar<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setSubtitle</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"副标题"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>        toolbar<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setLogo</span>(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.drawable</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.ic</span>_launcher)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>        toolbar<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setNavigationIcon</span>(android<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.R</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.drawable</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.ic</span>_input_delete)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

Toolbar可以设置 Title（主标题），Subtitle（副标题），Logo（logo图标）NavigationIcon（导航按钮）。

Toolbar使用Menu菜单功能.