RPM方式安装MySQL5.6

RPM方式安装MySQL5.6 (CentOS 6.6)

a. 检查MySQL及相关RPM包，是否安装，如果有安装，则移除（rpm –e 名称）

1[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

2mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_643...4[root@localhost ~]#rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs*  //*号指代实际包名， 请实际情况输入完整包名5[root@localhost ~]#rpm -e mysql-server*6#如果有早期版本mysql, 则卸载相关组件

7[root@localhost ~]#rpm -e mysql-client*


      检查并删除老版本mysql的开发头文件和库
      命令：rm -fr /usr/lib/mysql
      rm -fr /usr/include/mysql
      注意：卸载后/var/lib/mysql中的数据及/etc/my.cnf不会删除，如果确定没用后就手工删除
      rm -f /etc/my.cnf
      rm -fr /var/lib/mysql

      rm -fr /usr/share/mysql

b. 下载Linux对应的RPM包然后解压缩，如：CentOS6.6_64对应的RPM包(MySQL-5.6.26-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar)，如下：

1[root@localhost rpm]# cd /usr

2[root@localhost rpm]# tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.26-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

c. 安装MySQL

1[root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

2[root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

3[root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

4#修改配置文件位置

5[root@localhost rpm]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

       如果需要更改默认的data文件夹， 请提前更改my.cnf中datadir目录， 

       socket和pid-file建议还是使用默认的目录/var/lib/mysql

       (注意: 如果没有经验请完全按照默认的配置, 无需对my.cnf做任何更改, 或者按照本文最后的my.cnf配置)

      

d. 初始化MySQL及设置密码

1[root@localhost rpm]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db //强烈建议用mysql用户运行脚本(su mysql)


                                        # /usr/bin/mysqld --initialize   //mysql 5.7

如果有修改默认data存放地址， 一定要做修改以下设置, or as default

1.1 创建data文件存地址, 并修改用户和组为mysql

     chown mysql:mysql /home/mysqldata -R

1.2. 关闭selinux或者设置新数据文件权限, 同时尝试设置权限755

1.3 修改默认地址/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql  (如果启动失败， 可以尝试延后当前步骤)

     datadir=/home/mysqldata

     chcon -Rt mysqld_db_t /home/mysqldata

2[root@localhost rpm]# service mysql start

3[root@localhost rpm]# cat /root/.mysql_secret  #查看root账号密码                # The random password set for the root user at Wed Dec 11 23:32:50 2013 (local time): qKTaFZnl

4[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter Password: qKTaFZnl
(如果提示socket位置找不到请使用命令 mysql -u root -p -S /home/mysqldata/mysql.sock,
请去更改my.cnf >[client] ->socket)

5mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('Aa12345');    #设置密码为Aa12345

6mysql> exit7[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter Password: Aa12345

e. 允许远程登陆

01mysql> use mysql;

02mysql> select host,user,password from user;

03+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+

04| host                  | user | password                                  |

05+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+

06| localhost             | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |

07| localhost.localdomain | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |

08| 127.0.0.1             | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |

09| ::1                   | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |

10+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+

11 

12mysql> update user set password=password('Aa12345') where user='root';

13mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';

14mysql> flush privileges;

15mysql> exit

f. 设置开机自启动

1[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysql on

2[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql

3mysql           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

g. MySQL的默认安装位置

1/var/lib/mysql/               #数据库目录

2/usr/share/mysql              #配置文件目录

3/usr/bin                     #相关命令目录

4/etc/init.d/mysql              #启动脚本

FAQ:

1. 端口号3306被占用, 更改端口号, 或者查看当前端口被哪个进程占用, 然后kill

  #netstat -anp | grep "3306" 

  tcp        0      0 :::3306          :::*           LISTEN      4280/mysqld 

  #kill 4280

2. 执行mysql -u root -p输入密码后显示错误

  Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' 

  2.1 请使用临时命令 mysql -u root -p -S /home/mysqldata/mysql.sock\

  2.2 指定my.cnf >[client] ->socket 路径

3. 修改默认地址/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql

    datadir=/home/mysqldata

4. 提示权限问题, 关闭selinux或者设置新数据文件权限

    chcon -Rt mysqld_db_t /home/mysqldata  

5. 最近新装好的mysql在进入mysql工具时，总是有错误提示:
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
或者
# mysql -u root -p password 'newpassword'
Enter password:
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)' 

现在终于找到解决方法了。本来准备重装的，现在不必了。
方法操作很简单，如下：
# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
# mysql -u root mysql
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('newpassword') where USER='root' and host='root' or host='localhost';//把空的用户密码都修改成非空的密码就行了。
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> quit # /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: <输入新设的密码newpassword> 

修改字符集和数据存储路径

配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.

#查看字符集

show variables like '%collation%';

show variables like '%char%';

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%character%'

#查看默引擎

show engines

#查看默认包大小
show VARIABLES like '%max_allowed_packet%';
#查看log文件地址
ls -l `pgrep mysqld | sed 's@.*@/proc/&/fd/@'` | grep log

#查看插件地址

show variables like 'plugin_dir'




# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet = 32M
slave_max_allowed_packet = 1024M
datadir=/home/mysqldata
socket=/home/mysqldata/mysql.sock
max_connections = 1000

#Master configuration-defaults
#server-id=1   #设置服务器id，为1表示主服务器，注意：如果原来的配置文件中已经有这一行，就不用再添加了。
#log_bin=mysql-bin  #启动MySQ二进制日志系统，注意：如果原来的配置文件中已经有这一行，就不用再添加了。
#rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
#rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=10000

#Slave configuration-defaults
#server-id=2   #设置服务器id，为2表示从服务器，注意：如果原来的配置文件中已经有这一行，就不用再添加了。
#rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 45G
innodb_log_file_size=1024M

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/home/mysqldata/mysqld.pid

[client]
socket=/home/mysqldata/mysql.sock