Linux环境安装Mysql数据库的三种方式之一：二进制包方式安装

本文是在CentOS7系统平台下安装Mysql5.6.26版本数据库的操作说明，如有错误，请指正。

系统平台：CentOS-7-x86_64  

数据库版本：mysql-5.6.26

 

Mysql镜像文件下载地址：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mirrors.html

本次演示的Mysql安装包版本：mysql-5.6.26-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

1、添加mysql用户组及mysql用户

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

2、将二进制文件解压到指定的安装目录：/usr/local/mysql

到mysql-5.6.26-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz包的目录下，解压到/usr/local目录下：

[root@localhost tmp]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.26-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

到/usr/local/目录中，重命名解压出来的目录名，改为mysql：

[root@localhost tmp]# cd /usr/local/[root@localhost local]# mv mysql-5.6.26-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

查看此目录下文件：

[root@localhost local]# cd mysql/[root@localhost mysql]# lsbin     data  include         lib mysql-test  scripts  sql-benchCOPYING docs  INSTALL-BINARY  man README      share    support-files

注：/usr/local/mysql/下的目录结构

Directory

Contents of Directory

bin

Client programs and the mysqld server

data

Log files, databases

docs

Manual in Info format

man

Unix manual pages

include

Include (header) files

lib

Libraries

scripts

mysql_install_db

share

Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation

sql-bench

Benchmarks

 

3、创建mysql数据存放的目录：/data/mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir -p /data/mysql

4、更改所属的组和用户

[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/

5、初始化mysql

注释：以mysql用户执行mysql_install_db脚本，基本目录为：/usr/local/mysql/，数据文件目录为：/data/mysql/

[root@localhost mysql]# pwd/usr/local/mysql[root@localhost mysql]#./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/Installing MySQL system tables...2015-08-3114:24:16 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated.Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentationfor more details).2015-08-31 14:24:16 0 [Note]/usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.26) starting as process 36847 ...2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:The InnoDB memory heap is disabled2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Memory barrier is not used2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.32015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Using Linux native AIO2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Using CPU crc32 instructions2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Completed initialization of buffer pool2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to becreated!2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Database physically writes the file full: wait...2015-08-31 14:24:17 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB2015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB2015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile02015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Warning] InnoDB:New log files created, LSN=457812015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new2015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Doublewrite buffer created2015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Note] InnoDB:128 rollback segment(s) are active.2015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Warning] InnoDB:Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Foreign key constraint system tables created2015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.2015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Tablespace and datafile system tables created.2015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Waiting for purge to start2015-08-31 14:24:18 36847 [Note] InnoDB:5.6.26 started; log sequence number 02015-08-31 14:24:19 36847 [Note] Binlog end2015-08-31 14:24:19 36847 [Note] InnoDB:FTS optimize thread exiting.2015-08-31 14:24:19 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Starting shutdown...2015-08-31 14:24:20 36847 [Note] InnoDB:Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977OKFilling help tables...2015-08-31 14:24:20 0[Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for moredetails).2015-08-31 14:24:20 0 [Note]/usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.26) starting as process 36869 ...2015-08-31 14:24:20 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages2015-08-31 14:24:20 36869 [Note] InnoDB:The InnoDB memory heap is disabled2015-08-31 14:24:20 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2015-08-31 14:24:20 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Memory barrier is not used2015-08-31 14:24:20 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.32015-08-31 14:24:20 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Using Linux native AIO2015-08-31 14:24:20 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Using CPU crc32 instructions2015-08-31 14:24:20 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M2015-08-31 14:24:20 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Completed initialization of buffer pool2015-08-31 14:24:20 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Highest supported file format is Barracuda.2015-08-31 14:24:21 36869 [Note] InnoDB:128 rollback segment(s) are active.2015-08-31 14:24:21 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Waiting for purge to start2015-08-31 14:24:21 36869 [Note] InnoDB:5.6.26 started; log sequence number 16259772015-08-31 14:24:21 36869 [Note] Binlog end2015-08-31 14:24:21 36869 [Note] InnoDB:FTS optimize thread exiting.2015-08-31 14:24:21 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Starting shutdown...2015-08-31 14:24:22 36869 [Note] InnoDB:Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987OKTo start mysqld at boot time you have tocopysupport-files/mysql.server to the rightplace for your systemPLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THEMySQL root USER !To do so, start the server, then issue thefollowing commands: /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomainpassword 'new-password'Alternatively you can run: /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysql_secure_installationwhich will also give you the option ofremoving the testdatabases and anonymous user created bydefault.  This isstrongly recommended for productionservers.See the manual for more instructions.You can start the MySQL daemon with:  cd. ; /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqld_safe &You can test the MySQL daemon withmysql-test-run.pl  cdmysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.plPlease report any problems athttp://bugs.mysql.com/The latest information about MySQL isavailable on the web at http://www.mysql.comSupport MySQL by buying support/licenses athttp://shop.mysql.comNew default config file was created as/usr/local/mysql//my.cnf andwill be used by default by the server whenyou start it.You may edit this file to change serversettingsWARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnfexists on the systemThis file will be read by default by theMySQL serverIf you do not want to use this, eitherremove it, or use the--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safewhen starting the server

注：本次启动有一个报错如下：

FATAL ERROR: please install the followingPerl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql_install_db:

Data::Dumper

解决方案：

[root@localhost mysql]# yum install -yperl-Module-Install.noarch

 

6、修改my.cnf配置文件

复制/usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.conf 文件到/etc/ 目录下，覆盖原有的配置文件mysql/my.cnf：

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf  /etc/my.cnf

 

修改/etc/my.cnf 文件，指定datadir、basedir 路径，同时开启3306端口：

basedir = /usr/local/mysqldatadir = /data/mysqlport = 3306

7、复制mysql 启动脚本mysql.server 到/etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

8、修改启动脚本的权限为755，赋予执行权限

[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

9、通过chkconfig命令将mysqld服务加入到自启动服务项中：

[root@localhost init.d]# pwd/etc/init.d[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --add mysqld

检查是否加入到自动启动

[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --list mysqldmysqld          0:off   1:off  2:on    3:on    4:on   5:on    6:off

10、启动mysql服务：

[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld startStarting MySQL... SUCCESS!

11、进入mysql

[root@localhost mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL CommunityServer (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.mysql>

注：在/etc/profile中加入以下环境变量，可以用mysql代替/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql启动

MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql

exportPATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

设置后需要重新加载一下：

[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile

再次进入mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqlWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 3Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>