Spring学习经验总结

Bean的作用范围.singleton 默认的形式，在Spring的IOC容器中默认情况下只有一个对象的实例。.prototype 每次从容器中获取的bean都是新的对象。.request.response.global session1. Spring中Bean（默认的单例模式下）实例化的时间：容器实例化的时候。设置lay-init=“true”的时候会在getBean的时候才会实例化。2. 如果范围是prototype的时候，实在getBean的时候进行实例化的。Init-method 当bean被实例化之后会自动执行init-method中的方法。Destroy-method 当bean被销毁的时候自动执行里面的方法。基本的原理总结为：Xml配置文件中定义了很多属性，与之对应的创建一个含有这些类型的属性的类。通过读取XML中这些属性的值，填入到对应的那个类的属性当中去。在这个类中完成实例化bean对象，注入对象等操作依赖注入的两种方式：1.<bean id = “userDao” name = “userDao” class = “com.siti.entity.UserDaoImpl” />  <bean id = “userService” name = “userService” class = “com.siti.service.UserServiceImpl”><property name = “userDao” ref = “userDao”></property>  </bean>2.使用内部bean的方式，但是这样的话这个bean就不能被其他的bean使用了<bean id = “userDao” name = “userDao” class = “com.siti.service.UserServiceImpl”><property name = “userDao”><bean class = “com.siti.entity.UserDaoImpl” /></property></bean>构造方法注入依赖对象和值pulic void UserService(UserDao userDao , String name){}<bean id = “userDao” name = “userDao” class = “com.siti.entity.UserDaoImpl” /><bean id = “userService” class = “com.siti.serviceimpl.UserServiceImpl”><constructor-arg index = “0” type = “com.siti.dao.UserDao” ref = “userDao”/><constructor-arg index = “1” type = “nihao”></constructor-arg></bean>@Autowired是spring框架的，但是@Resource集成到了Javaee里面了（不建议使用）配置文件中写<context:annotation-config/><bean id = “userDao” class = “com.siti.impl.UserDaoImpl”/><bean id = “userServiceImpl” class = “com.siti.service.impl.UserServiceImpl’ />同在UserServiceImpl中属性之前加上@Resource就可以啦可以加参数@Resource(name = “userDao”)@Autowired与@Resource使用一样的。Autowired(required = true) 默认是必须注入的@Autowired @Qualifier(“userDao”) 按名进行装配Spring自动扫描<context：component-scan  base-package = “com.siti/>”在Dao的实现类中标注：@Repository在service类中@Service（中间可以指定其名称）标注会自动的将对象交给spring进行管理@Scope指定作用域范围指定初始化方法：@PostConstruct指定关闭资源的函数：@PreDestroyAOP代理对象基于注解的方式实现首先启动对@AspectJ注解的支持<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>以及引入AOP的命名空间http://www............例如<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"             xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">        <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>         <bean id="myInterceptor" class="cn.siti.service.MyInterceptor"/>        <bean id="personService" class="cn.siti.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"></bean></beans>@Pointcut(“execution (*  cn.siti.service.. * . * (..))”)Execution表示执行，*表示返回值的类型（*是任何的类型），cn.siti.service表示在哪个包下面进行拦截，后面的两个点表示对于它的子包底下的类也要进行拦截，后面的*表示包下面的类*表示所有类，后面的*表示方法，后面的括号（. . ）表示参数随意@Aspectpublic class MyInterceptor {@Pointcut("execution (* cn.itcast.service.impl.PersonServiceBean.*(..))")private void anyMethod() {} //声明切入点@Before("anyMethod() && args(name)")public void doAccessCheck(String name) {System.out.println("前置通知:"+ name);}@AfterReturning(pointcut="anyMethod()",returning="result")public void doAfterReturning(String result) {System.out.println("后置通知:"+ result);}@After("anyMethod()")---->最后一定会执行的public void doAfter() {System.out.println("最终通知！");}@AfterThrowing(pointcut="anyMethod()",throwing="e")public void doAfterThrowing(Exception e) {System.out.println("例外通知:"+ e);}@Around("anyMethod()")public Object doBasicProfiling(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {//if(){//判断用户是不是有权限System.out.println("环绕通知");Object result = pjp.proceed();System.out.println("运行");//}return result;}使用配置文件配置的方式<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"             xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">        <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>         <bean id="personService" class="cn.itcast.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"></bean>        <bean id="aspetbean" class="cn.itcast.service.MyInterceptor"/>        <aop:config>        <aop:aspect id="asp" ref="aspetbean">        <aop:pointcut id="mycut" expression="execution(* cn.itcast.service..*.*(..))"/>        <aop:before pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doAccessCheck"/>        <aop:after-returning pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doAfterReturning"/><aop:after-throwing pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doAfterThrowing"/><aop:after pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doAfter"/><aop:around pointcut-ref="mycut" method="doBasicProfiling"/>        </aop:aspect>        </aop:config></beans>Spring+JDBC组合开发配置文件<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">    <property name="driverClassName" value="${driverClassName}"/>    <property name="url" value="${url}"/>    <property name="username" value="${username}"/>    <property name="password" value="${password}"/>     <!-- 连接池启动时的初始值 --><property name="initialSize" value="${initialSize}"/> <!-- 连接池的最大值 --> <property name="maxActive" value="${maxActive}"/> <!-- 最大空闲值.当经过一个高峰时间后，连接池可以慢慢将已经用不到的连接慢慢释放一部分，一直减少到maxIdle为止 --><property name="maxIdle" value="${maxIdle}"/> <!--  最小空闲值.当空闲的连接数少于阀值时，连接池就会预申请去一些连接，以免洪峰来时来不及申请 --> <property name="minIdle" value="${minIdle}"/> </bean><bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>    </bean><tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/><bean id="personService" class="cn.itcast.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>       </bean></beans>jdbc.propertiesdriverClassName=org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driverurl=jdbc\:mysql\://localhost\:3306/itcast?useUnicode\=true&characterEncoding\=UTF-8username=rootpassword=123456initialSize=1maxActive=500maxIdle=2minIdle=1注解的方式配置事务Unchecked 运行期例外，事务会回滚的（默认的）Checked 这种事务不会回滚（默认的方式）对于checked这种事务要求回滚: @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)不需要使用事务的话@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)采用基于XML的方式配置事务建议使用注解的方式使用事务。整合开发Spring集成Hibernate二级缓存<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <context:annotation-config/> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">    <property name="driverClassName" value="org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"/>    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/itcast?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>    <property name="username" value="root"/>    <property name="password" value="123456"/>     <!-- 连接池启动时的初始值 --> <property name="initialSize" value="1"/> <!-- 连接池的最大值 --> <property name="maxActive" value="500"/> <!-- 最大空闲值.当经过一个高峰时间后，连接池可以慢慢将已经用不到的连接慢慢释放一部分，一直减少到maxIdle为止 --> <property name="maxIdle" value="2"/> <!--  最小空闲值.当空闲的连接数少于阀值时，连接池就会预申请去一些连接，以免洪峰来时来不及申请 --> <property name="minIdle" value="1"/>  </bean>  <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">     <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="mappingResources">    <list>      <value>cn/itcast/bean/Person.hbm.xml</value>    </list> </property>     <property name="hibernateProperties">    <value>        hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect        hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update        hibernate.show_sql=false        hibernate.format_sql=false        hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache=true               hibernate.cache.use_query_cache=false            hibernate.cache.provider_class=org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider      </value>     </property></bean><bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/></bean><tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/><bean id="personService" class="cn.itcast.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"/><bean id="personList" class="cn.itcast.web.PersonAction"/></beans>Spring 集成JPA在src目录下创建META-INF文件夹，在下面创建persistentce.xml<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd" version="1.0">  <persistence-unit name="itcast" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">      <properties>         <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/>         <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"/>         <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root"/>         <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="123456"/>         <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/itcast?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>         <property name="hibernate.max_fetch_depth" value="3"/>         <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>      </properties>  </persistence-unit></persistence>Spring的配置文件<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> <context:annotation-config/><bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean">      <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="itcast"/>    </bean>    <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">    <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>   </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/><bean id="personService" class="cn.itcast.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"/><bean name="/person/list" class="cn.itcast.web.action.PersonAction"/><bean name="/person/manage" class="cn.itcast.web.action.PersonManageAction"/></beans>