Django学习笔记第4、5记

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一、表单

1、request

request包含一些属性和方法：request.path,.get_host()等等

request.META中包含了本次HTTP请求的Header信息，常用的键值包括：HTTP_REFERER,HTTP_USER_AGENT,REMOTE_ADDR

使用如下例：

def ua_display(request):

ua=request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR','unknown')

return HttpResponse("Your IP address is %s" % ua)

2、表单的属性

3、数据提交

search_server.html:

<html>

<head>

<title>search_server</title>

</head>

<body>

</form>

</body>

</html>

views.py里：

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

def search_server_form(request):

return render_to_response('search_server.html')

urls.py里：

from rasp_test import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',

# ...

(r'^search_server_form/$', views.search_server_form),

# ...

)

4、数据查询

在search_server.html中，form的action属性设为/search/，即返回到/search/页面，所以在urls.py中增加

(r'^search/$', views.search),

然后在views.py中增加search函数

from models import Ipv4Server as ipv4server

def search(request):

if 'q' in request.GET and request.GET['q']:

q=request.GET['q']

ipv4servers=ipv4server.objects.filter(type__icontains=q)

return render_to_response('search_result.html',{'ipv4servers':ipv4se rvers,'query':q})

else:

return render_to_response('search_server.html',{'error':True})

然后编写search_result.html

1 <html>

2 <head>

3 <title>search_result</title>

4 </head>

5 <body>

6 <p>You searched for :<strong>{{query}}</strong></p>

7 {% if ipv4servers %}

8 <ul>

9 {% for ipv4server in ipv4servers %}

10 <li>{{ipv4server.webdomain}}</li>

11 {% endfor %}

12 </ul>

13 {% else %}

14 <p>No ipv4servers matched your search criteria.</p>

15 {% endif %}

16 </body>

17 </html>

在search_server.html中也进行修改

{% if error %}

<p style="color:red;">please submit a search term.</p>

{% endif %}

5、简化

def search(request):

error = False

if 'q' in request.GET:

q = request.GET['q']

if not q:

error = True

else:

ipv4servers = ipv4server.objects.filter(type__icontains=q)

return render_to_response('search_results.html',{'ipv4servers': ipv4servers, 'query': q})

return render_to_response('search_server.html',{'error': error})

省去了search_server_form()函数，在urls.py中也省去了相关url，单在/search/上进行操作，所以表单的action属性可删除。

6、Django的form框架（略）

二、高级URL配置

1、使用多个视图前缀

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('mysite.views', //利用字符串技术将共同前缀提取出来

(r'^hello/$', 'hello'),

(r'^time/$', 'current_datetime'),

(r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$', 'hours_ahead'),

)

urlpatterns += patterns('weblog.views',

(r'^tag/(\w+)/$', 'tag'),

)

2、传递额外的参数至视图函数中

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',

(r'^(foo)/$', views.foobar_view),

(r'^(bar)/$', views.foobar_view),

)

# views.py

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

from mysite.models import MyModel

def foobar_view(request, url):

m_list = MyModel.objects.filter(is_new=True)

if url == 'foo':

template_name = 'template1.html'

elif url == 'bar':

template_name = 'template2.html'

return render_to_response(template_name, {'m_list': m_list})

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