python 发送邮件
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import smtplib, datetimefrom email.Header import Headerfrom email.MIMEText import MIMETextfrom email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipartmsg = MIMEMultipart()#attachmentatt = MIMEText(open('/home/temp/send_mail.py', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="send_mail.txt"'msg.attach(att)#contentmsg_content = MIMEText("hello, content", 'plain','utf-8')msg.attach(msg_content) msg['from'] = 'xxx@qq.com'#one reciever#msg['to'] = 'xxx@qq.com'#mutiple recievermsg['to'] = "xxx@qq.com,bbbb@qq.com"msg['subject'] = Header('test (' + str(datetime.date.today()) + ')','gb2312')server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.qq.com')server.login('xxx@qq.com','xxxxx')error=server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'],msg.as_string())server.closeprint error
ref:
1, http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-21516619-id-1825025.html
2,http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi/archive/2012/03/17/2404015.html
python中email模块使得处理邮件变得比较简单,今天着重学习了一下发送邮件的具体做法,这里写写自己的的心得,也请高手给些指点。
一、相关模块介绍
发送邮件主要用到了smtplib和email两个模块,这里首先就两个模块进行一下简单的介绍:
1、smtplib模块
smtplib.SMTP([host[, port[, local_hostname[, timeout]]]])
SMTP类构造函数,表示与SMTP服务器之间的连接,通过这个连接可以向smtp服务器发送指令,执行相关操作(如:登陆、发送邮件)。所有参数都是可选的。
host:smtp服务器主机名
port:smtp服务的端口,默认是25;如果在创建SMTP对象的时候提供了这两个参数,在初始化的时候会自动调用connect方法去连接服务器。
smtplib模块还提供了SMTP_SSL类和LMTP类,对它们的操作与SMTP基本一致。
smtplib.SMTP提供的方法:
SMTP.set_debuglevel(level):设置是否为调试模式。默认为False,即非调试模式,表示不输出任何调试信息。
SMTP.connect([host[, port]]):连接到指定的smtp服务器。参数分别表示smpt主机和端口。注意: 也可以在host参数中指定端口号(如:smpt.yeah.net:25),这样就没必要给出port参数。
SMTP.docmd(cmd[, argstring]):向smtp服务器发送指令。可选参数argstring表示指令的参数。
SMTP.helo([hostname]) :使用"helo"指令向服务器确认身份。相当于告诉smtp服务器“我是谁”。
SMTP.has_extn(name):判断指定名称在服务器邮件列表中是否存在。出于安全考虑,smtp服务器往往屏蔽了该指令。
SMTP.verify(address) :判断指定邮件地址是否在服务器中存在。出于安全考虑,smtp服务器往往屏蔽了该指令。
SMTP.login(user, password) :登陆到smtp服务器。现在几乎所有的smtp服务器,都必须在验证用户信息合法之后才允许发送邮件。
SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]) :发送邮件。这里要注意一下第三个参数,msg是字符串,表示邮件。我们知道邮件一般由标题,发信人,收件人,邮件内容,附件等构成,发送邮件的时候,要注意msg的格式。这个格式就是smtp协议中定义的格式。
SMTP.quit() :断开与smtp服务器的连接,相当于发送"quit"指令。(很多程序中都用到了smtp.close(),具体与quit的区别google了一下,也没找到答案。)
2、email模块
emial模块用来处理邮件消息,包括MIME和其他基于RFC 2822 的消息文档。使用这些模块来定义邮件的内容,是非常简单的。其包括的类有(更加详细的介绍可见:http://docs.python.org/library/email.mime.html):
class email.mime.base.MIMEBase(_maintype, _subtype, **_params):这是MIME的一个基类。一般不需要在使用时创建实例。其中_maintype是内容类型,如text或者image。_subtype是内容的minor type 类型,如plain或者gif。 **_params是一个字典,直接传递给Message.add_header()。
class email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart([_subtype[, boundary[, _subparts[, _params]]]]:MIMEBase的一个子类,多个MIME对象的集合,_subtype默认值为mixed。boundary是MIMEMultipart的边界,默认边界是可数的。
class email.mime.application.MIMEApplication(_data[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]]):MIMEMultipart的一个子类。
class email.mime.audio. MIMEAudio(_audiodata[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]]): MIME音频对象
class email.mime.image.MIMEImage(_imagedata[, _subtype[, _encoder[, **_params]]]):MIME二进制文件对象。
class email.mime.message.MIMEMessage(_msg[, _subtype]):具体的一个message实例,使用方法如下:
msg=mail.Message.Message() #一个实例
msg['to']='XXX@XXX.com' #发送到哪里
msg['from']='YYY@YYYY.com' #自己的邮件地址
msg['date']='2012-3-16' #时间日期
msg['subject']='hello world' #邮件主题
class email.mime.text.MIMEText(_text[, _subtype[, _charset]]):MIME文本对象,其中_text是邮件内容,_subtype邮件类型,可以是text/plain(普通文本邮件),html/plain(html邮件), _charset编码,可以是gb2312等等。
二、几种邮件的具体实现代码
1、普通文本邮件
普通文本邮件发送的实现,关键是要将MIMEText中_subtype设置为plain。首先导入smtplib和mimetext。创建smtplib.smtp实例,connect邮件smtp服务器,login后发送,具体代码如下:(python2.6下实现)
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
'''
发送txt文本邮件
小五义:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi
'''
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
mailto_list=[YYY@YYY.com]
mail_host="smtp.XXX.com" #设置服务器
mail_user="XXXX" #用户名
mail_pass="XXXXXX" #口令
mail_postfix="XXX.com" #发件箱的后缀
def send_mail(to_list,sub,content):
me="hello"+"<"+mail_user+"@"+mail_postfix+">"
msg = MIMEText(content,_subtype='plain',_charset='gb2312')
msg['Subject'] = sub
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect(mail_host)
server.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())
server.close()
return True
except Exception, e:
print str(e)
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
if send_mail(mailto_list,"hello","hello world!"):
print "发送成功"
else:
print "发送失败"
2、html邮件的发送
与text邮件不同之处就是将将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下:(python2.6下实现)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
发送html文本邮件
小五义:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi
'''
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
mailto_list=["YYY@YYY.com"]
mail_host="smtp.XXX.com" #设置服务器
mail_user="XXX" #用户名
mail_pass="XXXX" #口令
mail_postfix="XXX.com" #发件箱的后缀
def send_mail(to_list,sub,content): #to_list:收件人;sub:主题;content:邮件内容
me="hello"+"<"+mail_user+"@"+mail_postfix+">" #这里的hello可以任意设置,收到信后,将按照设置显示
msg = MIMEText(content,_subtype='html',_charset='gb2312') #创建一个实例,这里设置为html格式邮件
msg['Subject'] = sub #设置主题
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)
try:
s = smtplib.SMTP()
s.connect(mail_host) #连接smtp服务器
s.login(mail_user,mail_pass) #登陆服务器
s.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) #发送邮件
s.close()
return True
except Exception, e:
print str(e)
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
if send_mail(mailto_list,"hello","<a href='http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi'>小五义</a>"):
print "发送成功"
else:
print "发送失败"
3、发送带附件的邮件
发送带附件的邮件,首先要创建MIMEMultipart()实例,然后构造附件,如果有多个附件,可依次构造,最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。
# -*- coding: cp936 -*-
'''
发送带附件邮件
小五义:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi
'''
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplib
#创建一个带附件的实例
msg = MIMEMultipart()
#构造附件1
att1 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.rar', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')
att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.doc"'#这里的filename可以任意写,写什么名字,邮件中显示什么名字
msg.attach(att1)
#构造附件2
att2 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')
att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.txt"'
msg.attach(att2)
#加邮件头
msg['to'] = 'YYY@YYY.com'
msg['from'] = 'XXX@XXX.com'
msg['subject'] = 'hello world'
#发送邮件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect('smtp.XXX.com')
server.login('XXX','XXXXX')#XXX为用户名,XXXXX为密码
server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'],msg.as_string())
server.quit()
print '发送成功'
except Exception, e:
print str(e)
4、利用MIMEimage发送图片
# -*- coding: cp936 -*-
import smtplib
import mimetypes
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
def AutoSendMail():
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = "XXX@XXX.com"
msg['To'] = "YYY@YYY.com"
msg['Subject'] = "hello world"
txt = MIMEText("这是中文的邮件内容哦",'plain','gb2312')
msg.attach(txt)
file1 = "C:\\hello.jpg"
image = MIMEImage(open(file1,'rb').read())
image.add_header('Content-ID','<image1>')
msg.attach(image)
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect('smtp.XXX.com')
server.login('XXX','XXXXXX')
server.sendmail(msg['From'],msg['To'],msg.as_string())
server.quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
AutoSendMail()
利用MIMEimage发送图片,原本是想图片能够在正文中显示,可是代码运行后发现,依然是以附件形式发送的,希望有高手能够指点一下,如何可以发送在正文中显示的图片的邮件,就是图片是附件中存在,但同时能显示在正文中,具体形式如下图。
3,http://www.cnblogs.com/lonelycatcher/archive/2012/02/09/2343463.html
文件形式的邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- from email.header import Header
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8’,单字节字符不需要
- msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
HTML形式的邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msg = MIMEText('<html><h1>你好</h1></html>','html','utf-8')
- msg['Subject'] = subject
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
带图片的HTML邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
- msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'
- msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>good!','html','utf-8')
- msgRoot.attach(msgText)
- fp = open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb')
- msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
- fp.close()
- msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
- msgRoot.attach(msgImage)
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
带附件的邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
- msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'
- #构造附件
- att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
- att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
- att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'
- msgRoot.attach(att)
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
群邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- sender = '***'
- receiver = ['***','****',……]
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')
- msg['Subject'] = subject
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
各种元素都包含的邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- # Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative.
- msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
- msg['Subject'] = "Link"
- # Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version).
- text = "Hi!\nHow are you?\nHere is the link you wanted:\nhttp://www.python.org"
- html = """\
- <html>
- <head></head>
- <body>
- <p>Hi!<br>
- How are you?<br>
- Here is the <a href="http://www.python.org">link</a> you wanted.
- </p>
- </body>
- </html>
- """
- # Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.
- part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain')
- part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html')
- # Attach parts into message container.
- # According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case
- # the HTML message, is best and preferred.
- msg.attach(part1)
- msg.attach(part2)
- #构造附件
- att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
- att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
- att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'
- msg.attach(att)
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
基于SSL的邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- from email.header import Header
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8’,单字节字符不需要
- msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.ehlo()
- smtp.starttls()
- smtp.ehlo()
- smtp.set_debuglevel(1)
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
文件形式的邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- from email.header import Header
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8’,单字节字符不需要
- msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
HTML形式的邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msg = MIMEText('<html><h1>你好</h1></html>','html','utf-8')
- msg['Subject'] = subject
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
带图片的HTML邮件
带附件的邮件- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
- msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'
- msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>good!','html','utf-8')
- msgRoot.attach(msgText)
- fp = open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb')
- msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
- fp.close()
- msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
- msgRoot.attach(msgImage)
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
- msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'
- #构造附件
- att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
- att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
- att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'
- msgRoot.attach(att)
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
群邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- sender = '***'
- receiver = ['***','****',……]
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')
- msg['Subject'] = subject
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
各种元素都包含的邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- # Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative.
- msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
- msg['Subject'] = "Link"
- # Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version).
- text = "Hi!\nHow are you?\nHere is the link you wanted:\nhttp://www.python.org"
- html = """\
- <html>
- <head></head>
- <body>
- <p>Hi!<br>
- How are you?<br>
- Here is the <a href="http://www.python.org">link</a> you wanted.
- </p>
- </body>
- </html>
- """
- # Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.
- part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain')
- part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html')
- # Attach parts into message container.
- # According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case
- # the HTML message, is best and preferred.
- msg.attach(part1)
- msg.attach(part2)
- #构造附件
- att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
- att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
- att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'
- msg.attach(att)
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
基于SSL的邮件
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
- #coding: utf-8
- import smtplib
- from email.mime.text import MIMEText
- from email.header import Header
- sender = '***'
- receiver = '***'
- subject = 'python email test'
- smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
- username = '***'
- password = '***'
- msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8’,单字节字符不需要
- msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
- smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
- smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
- smtp.ehlo()
- smtp.starttls()
- smtp.ehlo()
- smtp.set_debuglevel(1)
- smtp.login(username, password)
- smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
- smtp.quit()
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