[转]微信端口及协议分析
来源：互联网 发布：网络网警qq是多少 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/06/04 19:24
2015-3-3阅读386 评论0
http://blog.newxd.com/7235.html
有朋友公司需求如下，手机通过WIFI连接上网，而老板要求，员工使用手机只能上微信，而不能上其他网页和看在线视频。上网搜索了微信使用协议和端口。
微信通过TCP方式来进行通讯。
TCP通讯方式分析
通讯端口分析
远程通讯端口范围: 80，443，80,443,8080。
HTTP方式分析
在特征分析中，发现微信会采用HTTP协议进行通讯。
连接的主机（Host）（正则表达式）为：^short\.weixin\.qq\.com，^(mmsns|mmbiz)\.qpic\.cn。
TLS方式分析
在特征分析中，发现微信会采用TLS协议进行通讯。
连接的TLS主机（正则表达式）为：^(wx|weixin|res\.wx)\.qq\.com。
这个协议只是用来检测和屏蔽微信的，不能监控聊天记录内容。
来源：笨驴技术
安桌手机，可以用tcpdump进行抓包。。分析！！
初步分析结果：
使用80、8080，登陆和交互。
使用：tcp 14000 端口 SCOTTY High-Speed Filetransferscotty-ft 发送语音文件TCP: 5222 5223 5228 80 8080 443
来源：http://bbs.51cto.com/thread-1031608-1.html
微信、手机QQ网络行为简析
测试环境：
智能手机一部（打开wifi关闭gprs） —-> linux wifi 热点 —-> 公网
分析手段：
- 在linux 上用tcpdump抓包，用wireshark分析抓到的数据
- 在linux上用iptables阻断特定流量，模拟网络故障，分别模拟了拦截udp 53/tcp 80/tcp 8080/tcp 14000/tcp全拦截等各种情况以及他们的组合
- 通过 adb shell在手机内执行netstat了解手机网络链接情况
微信网络行为：
- 程序启动后，优先尝试DNS解析特定域名（support.weixin.qq.com，short.weixin.qq.com，long.weixin.qq.com，wx.qlogo.cn）;
- 如果DNS查询不可用，程序转为使用hardcode的ip链接服务；
- 如果dns可用，返回的ip为根据ISP智能解析的结果，程序使用返回的ip链接服务;
- 程序仅在注册阶段使用https链接，内容不详;
- 程序使用tcp 80/8080链接服务器，其中80为http协议，8080为未知协议;
- 80/8080两个端口同时或任何单独一个，均可提供服务;
- 80端口为短链接，8080为长链接， 程序会优先使用8080端口;
- 没有使用udp传输数据;
- 当1-2次发送失败时，客户端会弹出提示“当前网络状况不好，是否提交反馈数据”，确认后客户端试图通过web提交反馈数据;
手机qq网络行为：
仅列出跟微信不同之处
- 尝试的域名不同： monitor.uu.qq.com，3gimg.qq.com， msfwifi.3g.qq.com， kiss.3g.qq.com;
- 除了80/8080外，还有tcp 14000，功能与8080相同;
- 程序会优先尝试80/8080,只有这两个不可用时，才尝试14000;
- 其余同微信;
来源：http://noops.me/?p=327
方案设想：只开放以上端口，其他上也是全部开放了，在上网出口处加上网行为管理设备或者软件进行控制，只允许以下正则的网址通行：
^short\.weixin\.qq\.com，^(mmsns|mmbiz)\.qpic\.cn
^(wx|weixin|res\.wx)\.qq\.com
以下是软件实现方式
微信协议小结
http://blog.csdn.net/flyforqie/article/details/22847545#comments
- 发布的消息对应一个ID（只要单个方向唯一即可，服务器端可能会根ID判断重复接收），消息重传机制确保有限次的重试，重试失败给予用户提示，发送成功会反馈确认，客户端只有收到确认信息才知道发送成功。发送消息可能不会产生新SyncKey。
- 基于版本号（SynKey）的状态消息同步机制，增量、有序传输需求水到渠成。长连接通知/短连接获取、确认等，交互方式简单，确保了消息可靠谱、准确无误到达。
- 客户端/服务器端都会存储消息ID处理记录，避免被重复消费客户端获取最新消息，但未确认，服务器端不会认为该消息被消费掉。下次客户端会重新获取，会查询当前消息是否被处理过。根据一些现象猜测。
- 总体上看，微信协议跨平台（TCP或HTPP都可呈现，处理方式可统一），通过“握手”同步，很可靠，无论哪一个平台都可以支持的很好
- 微信协议最小成本为16字节，大部分时间若干个消息包和在一起，批量传输。微信协议说不上最简洁，也不是最节省流量，但是非常成功的。
- 若服务器检测到一些不确定因素，可能会导致微启用安全套接层SSL协议进行常规的TCP长连接传输。短连接都没有发生变化
发送消息方式
发送消息走已经建立的TCP长连接通道，发送消息到服务器，然后接受确认信息等，产生一次交互。
小伙伴接收到信息阅读也都会收到服务器端通知，产生一次交互等。
可以确定，微信发送消息走TCP长连接方式，因为不对自身状态数据产生影响，应该不交换SyncKey。
- 在低速网络下，大概会看到消息发送中的提示，属于消息重发机制
- 网络不好有时客户端会出现发送失败的红色感叹号
- 已发送到服务器但未收到确认的消息，客户端显示红色感叹号，再次重发，服务器作为重复消息处理，反馈确认
- 上传图片，会根据图片大小，分割成若干部分（大概1.5K被划分为一部分），同一时间点，客户端会发起若干次POST请求，各自上传成功之后，服务器大概会合并成一个完整图片，返回一个缩略图，显示在APP聊天窗口内。APP作为常规的文字消息发送到服务器端
- 上传音频，则单独走TCP通道，一个两秒的录制音频，客户端录制完毕，分为两块传输，一块最大1.5K左右，服务端响应一条数据通知确认收到。共三次数据传输。
音频和纯文字信息一致，都是走TCP长连接，客户端发送，服务器端确认。
微信协议简单调研笔记
http://blog.csdn.net/threadroc/article/details/37888245#comments
前言
微信可调研点很多，这里仅仅从协议角度进行调研，会涉及到微信协议交换、消息收发等。所谓“弱水三千，只取一瓢”吧。
杂七杂八的，有些长，可直接拉到最后看结论好了。
一。微信协议概览
微信传输协议，官方公布甚少，在微信技术总监所透漏PPT《微信之道—至简》文档中，有所体现。
纯个人理解：
因张小龙做邮箱Foxmail起家，继而又做了QQ Mail等，QQ Mail是国内第一个支持Exchange ActiveSync协议的免费邮箱，基于其从业背景，微信从一开始就采取基于ActiveSync的修改版状态同步协议Sync，也就再自然不过了。一句话：增量式、按序、可靠的状态同步传输的微信协议。
大致交换简图如下：
_thumb.png "Image(9)")
如何获取新数据呢：
- 服务器端通知，客户端获取
- 客户端携带最新的SyncKey，发起数据请求
- 服务器端生成最新的SyncKey连同最新数据发送给客户端
- 基于版本号机制同步协议，可确保数据增量、有序传输
- SyncKey，由服务器端序列号生成器生成，一旦有新消息产生，将会产生最新的SyncKey。类似于版本号
服务器端通知有状态更新，客户端主动获取自从上次更新之后有变动的状态数据，增量式，顺序式。
二。微信Web端简单调试
在线版本微信：
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/
通过Firefox + Firebug组合调试，也能证实了微信大致通过交换SyncKey方式获取新数据的论述。
1. 发起GET长连接检测是否存在新的需要同步的数据
会携带上最新SyncKey
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/synccheck?callback=jQuery18306073923335455973_1393208247730&r=1393209241862&sid=s7c%2FsxpGRSihgZAA&uin=937355&deviceid=e542565508353877&synckey=1_620943725%7C2_620943769%7C3_620943770%7C11_620942796%7C201_1393208420%7C202_1393209127%7C1000_1393203219&_=1393209241865返回内容：
window.synccheck={retcode:"0",selector:"2"}selector值大于0，表示有新的消息需要同步。
据目测，心跳周期为27秒左右。
2. 一旦有新数据，客户端POST请求主动获取同步的数据
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsync?sid=s7c%2FsxpGRSihgZAA&r=1393208447375携带消息体：
{"BaseRequest":{"Uin":937355,"Sid":"s7c/sxpGRSihgZAA"},"SyncKey":{"Count":6,"List":[{"Key":1,"Val":620943725},{"Key":2,"Val":620943767},{"Key":3,"Val":620943760},{"Key":11,"Val":620942796},{"Key":201,"Val":1393208365},{"Key":1000,"Val":1393203219}]},"rr":1393208447374}会携带上最新的SyncKey，会返回复杂结构体JSON内容。
但浏览端收取到消息之后，如何通知服务器端已确认收到了？Web版本微信，没有去做。
在以往使用过程中，曾发现WEB端有丢失消息的现象，但属于偶尔现象。但Android微信客户端（只要登陆连接上来之后）貌似就没有丢失过。
3. 发送消息流程
发起一个POST提交，用于提交用户需要发送的消息
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsendmsg?sid=lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo&r=1393988414386
发送内容：
{"BaseRequest":{"Uin":937355,"Sid":"lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo","Skey":"A6A1ECC6A7DE59DEFF6A05F226AA334DECBA457887B25BC6","DeviceID":"e937227863752975"},"Msg":{"FromUserName":"yongboy","ToUserName":"hehe057854","Type":1,"Content":"hello","ClientMsgId":1393988414380,"LocalID":1393988414380}}相应内容：
{"BaseResponse": {"Ret": 0,"ErrMsg": ""},"MsgID": 1020944348,"LocalID": "1393988414380"}再次发起一个POST请求，用于申请最新SyncKey
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsync?sid=lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo&r=1393988414756
发送内容：
{"BaseRequest":{"Uin":937355,"Sid":"lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo"},"SyncKey":{"Count":6,"List":[{"Key":1,"Val":620944310},{"Key":2,"Val":620944346},{"Key":3,"Val":620944344},{"Key":11,"Val":620942796},{"Key":201,"Val":1393988357},{"Key":1000,"Val":1393930108}]},"rr":1393988414756}响应的（部分）内容：
"SKey": "8F8C6A03489E85E9FDF727ACB95C93C2CDCE9FB9532FC15B" 终止GET长连接，使用最新SyncKey再次发起一个新的GET长连接
https://webpush.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/synccheck?callback=jQuery1830245810089652082181393988305564&r=1393988415015&sid=lQ95vHR52DiaLVqo&uin=937355&deviceid=e937227863752975&synckey=1620944310%7C2620944348%7C3620944344%7C11620942796%7C2011393988357%7C10001393930108&=1393988415016
三。微信Android简单分析
Windows桌面端Android虚拟机中运行最新版微信(5.2)，通过tcpdump/Wireshark组合封包分析，以下为分析结果。
0. 初始连接记录
简单记录微信启动之后请求：
11:20:35 dns查询 dns.weixin.qq.com返回一组IP地址11:20:35 DNS查询long.weixin.qq.com返回一组IP地址，本次通信中，微信使用了最后一个IP作为TCP长连接的连接地址。11:20:35http://dns.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/newgetdns?uin=0&clientversion=620888113&scene=0&net=1用于请求服务器获得最优IP路径。服务器通过结算返回一个xml定义了域名:IP对应列表。仔细阅读，可看到微信已经开始了国际化的步伐：香港、加拿大、韩国等。具体文本，请参考：https://gist.github.com/yongboy/934188411:20:35获取到long.weixin.qq.com最优IP，然后建立到101.227.131.105的TCP长连接11:21:25POST http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/getprofile HTTP/1.1 (application/octet-stream)返回一个名为“micromsgresp.dat”的附件，估计是未阅读的离线消息11:21:31POST http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/whatsnews HTTP/1.1 (application/octet-stream)大概是资讯、订阅更新等中间进行一些资源请求等，类似于GET http://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM7NR4TYFcoNjbxZpfO9aiaE7RU5lXGUw13SMicL6iacWIf2A/96图片等一些静态资源都会被分配到wx.qlogo.cn域名下面不明白做什么用途POST http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/downloadpackage HTTP/1.1 (application/octet-stream)输出为micromsgresp.dat文件11:21:47GET http://support.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmsupport-bin/reportdevice?channel=34&deviceid=A952001f7a840c2a&clientversion=620888113&platform=0&lang=zh_CN&installtype=0 HTTP/1.1 返回chunked分块数据11:21:49POST http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/reportstrategy HTTP/1.1 (application/octet-stream)1. 心跳频率约为5分钟
上次使用Wireshark分析有误（得出18分钟结论），再次重新分析，心跳频率在5分钟左右。
2. 登陆之后，会建立一个长连接，端口号为8080
简单目测为HTTP，初始以为是双通道HTTP，难道是自定义的用于双通道通信的HTTP协议吗，网络上可见资料都是模棱两可、语焉不详。
具体查看长连接初始数据通信，没有发现任何包含"HTTP"字样的数据，以为是微信自定义的TCP/HTTP通信格式。据分析，用于可能用于获取数据、心跳交换消息等用途吧。这个后面会详谈微信是如何做到的。
2.0 初始消息传输
个人资料、离线未阅读消息部分等通过 POST HTTP短连接单独获取。
2.1 二进制简单分析
抽取微信某次HTTP协议方式通信数据，16进制表示，每两个靠近的数字为一个byte字节：
微信协议可能如下：
一个消息包 = 消息头 + 消息体消息头固定16字节长度，消息包长度定义在消息头前4个字节中。
单纯摘取第0000行为例，共16个字节的头部:
00 00 00 10 00 10 00 01 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 0f16进制表示，每两个紧挨着数字代表一个byte字节。
微信消息包格式： 1. 前4字节表示数据包长度，可变 值为16时，意味着一个仅仅包含头部的完整的数据包（可能表示着预先定义好的业务意义），后面可能还有会别的消息包 2. 2个字节表示头部长度，固定值，0x10 = 16 3. 2个字节表示谢意版本，固定值，0x01 = 1 4. 4个字节操作说明数字，可变 5. 序列号，可变 6. 头部后面紧跟着消息体，非明文，加密形式 7. 一个消息包，最小16 byte字节
通过上图（以及其它数据多次采样）分析：
- 0000 - 0040为单独的数据包
- 0050行为下一个数据包的头部，前四个字节值为0xca = 202，表示包含了从0050-0110共202个字节数据
- 一次数据发送，可能包含若干子数据包
- 换行符\n，16进制表示为0x0a，在00f0行，包含了两个换行符号
- 一个数据体换行符号用于更细粒度的业务数据分割 是否蒙对，需要问问做微信协议的同学
- 所有被标记为HTTP协议通信所发送数据都包含换行符号
2.2 动手试试猜想，模拟微信TCP长连接
开始很不解为什么会出现如此怪异的HTTP双通道长连接请求，难道基于TCP通信，然后做了一些手脚？很常规的TCP长连接，传输数据时(不是所有数据传输)，被wireshark误认为HTTP长连接。这个需要做一个实验证实一下自己想法，设想如下：
写一个Ping-Pong客户端、服务器端程序，然后使用Wireshark看一下结果，是否符合判断。
Java版本的请求端，默认请求8080端口：
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131
<pre class="line-pre" name="code" style="white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important;"><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC1"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">/**</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC2"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * Ping Client</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC3"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * @author nieyong</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC4"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> */</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC5"><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="n">com</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">learn</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC6"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC7"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC8"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC9"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC10"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC11"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC12"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC13"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC14"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.ChannelOption</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC15"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC16"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC17"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC18"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC19"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC20"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn" style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);">java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC21"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC22"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">class</span> <span class="nc" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">PingClientHandler</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">extends</span> <span class="n">ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC23"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">private</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">ByteBuf</span> <span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC24"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC25"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClientHandler</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC26"><span class="n">firstMessage</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">PooledByteBufAllocator</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">DEFAULT</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">buffer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">22</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC27"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC28"><span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// weixin 16 byte's header</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC29"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC30"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC31"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC32"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">16</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC33"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC34"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC35"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">16</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC36"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC37"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC38"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC39"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC40"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC41"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC42"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC43"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">6</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC44"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC45"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC46"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC47"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC48"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC49"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC50"><span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// just for /n</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC51"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeByte</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="sc" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">'\n'</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// 1 byte</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC52"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC53"><span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// footer 16 byte</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC54"><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">welcome</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"hello"</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span> <span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// 5 byte</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC55"><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeBytes</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">welcome</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">getBytes</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">());</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC56"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC57"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC58"><span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC59"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">channelActive</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC60"><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeAndFlush</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">firstMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC61"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC62"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC63"><span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC64"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">channelRead</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">Object</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC65"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC66"><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">executor</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">schedule</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Runnable</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC67"><span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC68"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">run</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC69"><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">channel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">writeAndFlush</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC70"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC71"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">},</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">TimeUnit</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">SECONDS</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC72"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC73"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC74"><span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC75"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">channelReadComplete</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC76"><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">flush</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC77"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC78"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC79"><span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC80"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">exceptionCaught</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelHandlerContext</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">Throwable</span> <span class="n">cause</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC81"><span class="n">System</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">err</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">println</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"Unexpected exception from downstream :"</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC82"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">+</span> <span class="n">cause</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">getMessage</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">());</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC83"><span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">close</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC84"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC85"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC86"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC87"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">class</span> <span class="nc" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">PingClient</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC88"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC89"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">private</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC90"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">private</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">final</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC91"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC92"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClient</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC93"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">this</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">host</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC94"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">this</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC95"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC96"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC97"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">run</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">()</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC98"><span class="n">EventLoopGroup</span> <span class="n">group</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">NioEventLoopGroup</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC99"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">try</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC100"><span class="n">Bootstrap</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Bootstrap</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC101"><span class="n">b</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">group</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">).</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">channel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">NioSocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">class</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC102"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">option</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">ChannelOption</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">TCP_NODELAY</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="kc" style="font-weight: bold;">true</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC103"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">handler</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="n">ChannelInitializer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span><span class="n">SocketChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">>()</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC104"><span class="nd">@Override</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC105"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">initChannel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">SocketChannel</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC106"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC107"><span class="n">ch</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">pipeline</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">addLast</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClientHandler</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">());</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC108"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC109"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">});</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC110"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC111"><span class="n">ChannelFuture</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">connect</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">).</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">sync</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC112"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC113"><span class="n">f</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">channel</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">closeFuture</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">().</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">sync</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC114"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">finally</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC115"><span class="c1" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">// Shut down the event loop to terminate all threads.</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC116"><span class="n">group</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">shutdownGracefully</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC117"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC118"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC119"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC120"><span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">public</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">main</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="kd" style="font-weight: bold;">throws</span> <span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC121"><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">host</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"127.0.0.1"</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC122"><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">8080</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC123"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC124"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">length</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">3</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC125"><span class="n">host</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">[</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">];</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC126"><span class="n">port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">parseInt</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">[</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">]);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC127"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC128"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC129"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">PingClient</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">,</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">).</span><span class="na" style="color: teal;">run</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">();</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC130"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pingclient-java-LC131"><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">}</span></div>C语言版本的服务器程序，收到什么发送什么，没有任何逻辑，默认绑定8080端口：
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<pre class="line-pre" name="code" style="white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important;"><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC1"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;">/**</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC2"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * nieyong@youku.com</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC3"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * how to compile it:</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC4"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> * gcc pong_server.c -o pong_server /usr/local/lib/libev.a -lm </span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC5"><span class="cm" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 136); font-style: italic;"> */</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC6"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <arpa/inet.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC7"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <stdlib.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC8"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <stdio.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC9"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <string.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC10"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <fcntl.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC11"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <errno.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC12"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <err.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC13"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include <unistd.h></span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC14"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC15"><span class="cp" style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: bold;">#include "../include/ev.h"</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC16"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC17"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">server_port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">8080</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC18"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC19"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC20"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">typedef</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC21"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC22"> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC23"><span class="p">}</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC24"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC25"><span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="n">ev_accept</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC26"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC27"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">ws</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC28"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC29"><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">setnonblock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC30"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">flags</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F_GETFL</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC31"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">flags</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC32"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC33"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC34"> <span class="n">flags</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">|=</span> <span class="n">O_NONBLOCK</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC35"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F_SETFL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC36"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC37"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC38"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC39"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC40"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC41"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">read_cb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">revents</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC42"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC43"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC44"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">char</span> <span class="n">rbuff</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1024</span><span class="p">];</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC45"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">revents</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span> <span class="n">EV_READ</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC46"> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">rbuff</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1024</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC47"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC48"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC49"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EV_ERROR</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span> <span class="n">revents</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC50"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"error event in read</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC51"> <span class="n">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC52"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC53"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC54"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC55"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC56"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"read error</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC57"> <span class="n">ev_io_stop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EV_A_</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC58"> <span class="n">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC59"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC60"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC61"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC62"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC63"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"client disconnected.</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC64"> <span class="n">ev_io_stop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EV_A_</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC65"> <span class="n">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC66"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC67"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC68"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC69"> <span class="n">send</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rbuff</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC70"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC71"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC72"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">accept_cb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">revents</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC73"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr_in</span> <span class="n">client_addr</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC74"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">socklen_t</span> <span class="n">client_len</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client_addr</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC75"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">client_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">accept</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client_addr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client_len</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC76"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC77"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"the client_fd is NULL !</span><span class="se" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">\n</span><span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC78"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC79"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC80"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC81"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span><span class="p">));</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC82"> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">client_fd</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC83"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">setnonblock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC84"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"failed to set client socket to non-blocking"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC85"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC86"> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC87"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC88"> <span class="n">ev_io_init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">read_cb</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">EV_READ</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC89"> <span class="n">ev_io_start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC90"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC91"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC92"><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">char</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">const</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC93"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC94"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">while</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">getopt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"p:"</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">!=</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC95"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">switch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC96"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">case</span> <span class="sc" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">'p'</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">:</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC97"> <span class="n">server_port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">atoi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">optarg</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC98"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">break</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC99"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC100"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC101"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC102"> <span class="n">loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">ev_default_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC103"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr_in</span> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC104"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">reuseaddr_on</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC105"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">int</span> <span class="n">listen_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">socket</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">AF_INET</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">SOCK_STREAM</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC106"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC107"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"listen failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC108"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">setsockopt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">SOL_SOCKET</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">SO_REUSEADDR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">reuseaddr_on</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">reuseaddr_on</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC109"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"setsockopt failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC110"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC111"> <span class="n">memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">));</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC112"> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin_family</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">AF_INET</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC113"> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">s_addr</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">INADDR_ANY</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC114"> <span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin_port</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">htons</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">server_port</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC115"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC116"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">sockaddr</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_addr</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC117"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"bind failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC118"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC119"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"listen failed"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC120"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">setnonblock</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;"><</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">)</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC121"> <span class="n">err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"failed to set server socket to non-blocking"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC122"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC123"> <span class="n">ev_io_init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">ev_accept</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">accept_cb</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">listen_fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">EV_READ</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC124"> <span class="n">ev_io_start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">ev_accept</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC125"> <span class="n">ev_loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC126"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC127"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="mi" style="color: rgb(0, 153, 153);">0</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC128"><span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC129"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC130"><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="nf" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">free_res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">struct</span> <span class="n">ev_loop</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev_io</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC131"> <span class="kt" style="color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">client_t</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">*</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">=</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC132"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">==</span> <span class="nb" style="color: rgb(0, 134, 179);">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC133"> <span class="n">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"the client is NULL !!!!!!"</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC134"> <span class="k" style="font-weight: bold;">return</span><span class="p">;</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC135"> <span class="p">}</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC136"> </div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC137"> <span class="n">ev_io_stop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">&</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">ev_read</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC138"> <span class="n">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="o" style="font-weight: bold;">-></span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC139"> <span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="p">);</span></div><div class="line" id="file-pong_server-c-LC140"><span class="p">}</span></div>这里有一个现场图：
可以尝试稍微改变输出内容，去除换行符“\n”，把端口换成9000，试试看，就会发现Wireshark输出不同的结果来。
2.3 结论是什么呢？
若使用原始TCP进行双向通信，则需要满足以下条件，可以被类似于Wireshark协议拦截器误认为是HTTP长连接：
- 使用80/8080端口（81/3128/8000经测试无效） 也许8080一般被作为WEB代理服务端口，微信才会享用这个红利吧。
- 输出的内容中，一定要包含换行字符"\n"
因此，可以定性为微信使用了基于8080端口TCP长连接，一旦数据包中含有换行"\n"符号，就会被Wireshark误认为HTTP协议。可能微信是无心为之吧。
3. 新消息获取方式
- TCP长连接接收到服务器通知有新消息需要获取
- APP发起一个HTTP POST请求获取新状态消息，会带上当前SyncKey 地址为：http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/reportstrategy HTTP/1.1，看不到明文
- APP获取到新的消息，会再次发起一次HTTP POST请求，告诉服务器已确认收到，同时获取最新SyncKey 地址为：http://short.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/micromsg-bin/kvreport，看不到明文
- 接受一个消息，TCP长连接至少交互两次，客户端发起两次HTTP POST请求 具体每次交互内容是什么，有些模糊
- 服务器需要支持：状态消息获取标记，状态消息确认收取标记。只有被确认收到，此状态消息才算是被正确消费掉
- 多个不同设备同一账号同时使用微信，同一个状态消息会会被同时分发到多个设备上
此时消息请求截图如下：
4. 发送消息方式
发送消息走已经建立的TCP长连接通道，发送消息到服务器，然后接受确认信息等，产生一次交互。
小伙伴接收到信息阅读也都会收到服务器端通知，产生一次交互等。
可以确定，微信发送消息走TCP长连接方式，因为不对自身状态数据产生影响，应该不交换SyncKey。
- 在低速网络下，大概会看到消息发送中的提示，属于消息重发机制
- 网络不好有时客户端会出现发送失败的红色感叹号
- 已发送到服务器但未收到确认的消息，客户端显示红色感叹号，再次重发，服务器作为重复消息处理，反馈确认
- 上传图片，会根据图片大小，分割成若干部分（大概1.5K被划分为一部分），同一时间点，客户端会发起若干次POST请求，各自上传成功之后，服务器大概会合并成一个完整图片，返回一个缩略图，显示在APP聊天窗口内。APP作为常规的文字消息发送到服务器端
- 上传音频，则单独走TCP通道，一个两秒的录制音频，客户端录制完毕，分为两块传输，一块最大1.5K左右，服务端响应一条数据通知确认收到。共三次数据传输。音频和纯文字信息一致，都是走TCP长连接，客户端发送，服务器端确认。
四。微信协议小结
- 发布的消息对应一个ID（只要单个方向唯一即可，服务器端可能会根ID判断重复接收），消息重传机制确保有限次的重试，重试失败给予用户提示，发送成功会反馈确认，客户端只有收到确认信息才知道发送成功。发送消息可能不会产生新SyncKey。
- 基于版本号（SynKey）的状态消息同步机制，增量、有序传输需求水到渠成。长连接通知/短连接获取、确认等，交互方式简单，确保了消息可靠谱、准确无误到达。
- 客户端/服务器端都会存储消息ID处理记录，避免被重复消费客户端获取最新消息，但未确认，服务器端不会认为该消息被消费掉。下次客户端会重新获取，会查询当前消息是否被处理过。根据一些现象猜测。
- 总体上看，微信协议跨平台（TCP或HTPP都可呈现，处理方式可统一），通过“握手”同步，很可靠，无论哪一个平台都可以支持的很好
- 微信协议最小成本为16字节，大部分时间若干个消息包和在一起，批量传输。微信协议说不上最简洁，也不是最节省流量，但是非常成功的。
- 若服务器检测到一些不确定因素，可能会导致微启用安全套接层SSL协议进行常规的TCP长连接传输。短连接都没有发生变化
以上，根据有限资料和数据拦截观察总结得出，啰啰嗦嗦，勉强凑成一篇，会存在一些不正确之处，欢迎给予纠正。在多次
五。附录
Microsoft Exchange Active Sync协议，简称EAS，分为folderrsync(同步文件夹目录，即邮箱内有哪几个文件夹)和sync（每个文件夹内有哪些文档）两部分。
某网友总结的协议一次回话大致示范：
Client: synckey=0 //第一次key为0Server: newsynckey=1235434 //第一次返回新keyClient: synckey=1235434 //使用新key查询Server: newsynckey=1647645,data=*****//第一次查询，得到新key和数据Client: synckey=1647645Server: newsynckey=5637535,data=null //第二次查询，无新消息Client: synckey=5637535Server: newsynckey=8654542, data=****//第三次查询，增量同步- 上页中的相邻请求都是隔固定时间的，如两分钟
- 客户端每次使用旧key标记自己的状态，服务端每次将新key和增量数据一起返回。
- key是递增的，但不要求连续
- 请求的某个参数决定服务器是否立即返回
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广而告之，让您自由畅游网络~
广而告之，让您自由畅游网络~
推荐一个我一直使用的VPN 翻*墙利器，观看国外youtube.com高清视频一点都不卡！
再超值提供一个近期有效的9折优惠码：freevpnssh
我平常在Linux下安装/更新软件，压根不用担心GFW阻挠了，更不用提windows下自由搜索调研。
我平常在Linux下安装/更新软件，压根不用担心GFW阻挠了，更不用提windows下自由搜索调研。
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