[转]Ubuntu 12.04 Gitolite 安装指南

先概述一下，你手上有一台全新的 Ubuntu Server，参照本文会安装下列内容：
　　1、Git（这是肯定的）
　　2、Gitolite（用于Git服务器管理，简介参见附注2）
　　3、Gitdaemon（守护进程，开放一个公共的 git clone 服务，可选）
　　4、Gitweb（提供像Github一样的Web服务，通过浏览器查看版本库记录，可选）

下面就开始动手吧。

一、安装 Git

安装 Git 和 Git Doc：

sudo apt-get install git-core git-doc

设置用户信息：

git config --global user.name "Your Name"git config --global user.email [e-mail]

二、安装 Gitolite

Gitolite 使用SSH进行访问控制。首先将本机的SSH公钥（生成方法参见附注3：ssh-keygen）放到服务器上：

# FROM YOUR LOCAL MACHINEscp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub git.server:/tmp/your-username-goes-here.pub

创建 gitolite 用户组和 gitolite 用户

sudo addgroup gitolitesudo adduser --disabled-password --home /home/gitolite --ingroup gitolite gitolite

安装 Gitolite：

sudo apt-get -y install gitolite

添加权限以便 gitweb 能够读取版本库内容：

sudo usermod -a -G gitolite www-data

重启apache服务：

sudo service apache2 restart

执行Gitolite安装：

sudo su - gitolitegl-setup /tmp/your-username-goes-here.pub

安装过程中会询问你是否修改配置文件，这时候可以修改一下权限以便 git-web 和 git-daemon 能够读取新建的版本库：将 $REPO_UMASK = 0077; 修改为 $REPO_UMASK = 0027;

如果出于某种原因在安装过程中你没能修改 .gitolite.rc 文件，可以按如下方式编辑：

emacs /home/gitolite/.gitolite.rc# 将 $REPO_UMASK = 0077; 改为 $REPO_UMASK = 0027;chmod g+r /home/gitolite/projects.listchmod -R g+rx /home/gitolite/repositories

退出 gitolite 账户：

exit

搞定！服务器端的工作已经完成了。

三、通过 Gitolite 管理 Git 服务器

现在你应该已经可以将安装脚本创建的 gitolite-admin 版本库克隆到你的本机了：

# FROM YOUR LOCAL MACHINEgit clone [e-mail]:gitolite-admin.git

编辑 gitolite.conf 文件，创建一个名为 testing 的版本库，并且允许 git-web 和 git-daemon 的访问：

# FROM YOUR LOCAL MACHINEcd gitolite-adminemacs conf/gitolite.conf# change to:repo    testing      RW+     =   @all      R       =   daemontesting "Owner" = "Test repo"

提交并推送至服务器。

git add conf/gitolite.confgit commit -m "Enabled gitweb and git-daemon export for testing repo"git pushcd ..

在本机Clone出testing版本库并添加个文件看看：

git clone [e-mail]:testing.gitcd testingecho "README" > READMEgit add READMEgit commit -m "Added README"git push origin master

四、配置 Git-Daemon

git-daemon 使你可以开放一个公共的git服务，任何人都无需帐号直接使用 git clone 命令克隆版本库到本地。无需此功能的话，本步骤可以跳过。

安装 git-daemon：

sudo apt-get install git-daemon-run

修改服务配置以便 git-daemon 能够以gitolite用户组的身份运行（gitolite用户组对版本库拥有读权限）

sudo emacs /etc/sv/git-daemon/run

将

#!/bin/shexec 2>&1echo 'git-daemon starting.'exec chpst -ugitdaemon \  "$(git --exec-path)"/git-daemon --verbose --base-path=/var/cache /var/cache/git

修改为：

#!/bin/shexec 2>&1echo 'git-daemon starting.'exec chpst -ugitdaemon:gitolite \  "$(git --exec-path)"/git-daemon --verbose --base-path=/home/gitolite/repositories /home/gitolite/repositories

重启 git-daemon 服务：

sudo sv restart git-daemon

搞定。
现在你可以试试用下面的命令来克隆版本库了：

git clone git://git.server/testing.git

五、配置 Git-web

git-web 允许你使用Web界面查看版本库，此步骤也是可选的。

安装 git-web：

sudo apt-get install highlight gitweb

修改 git-web 配置：

sudo emacs /etc/gitweb.conf# change $projectroot to /home/gitolite/repositories# change $projects_list to /home/gitolite/projects.list

现在你可以到 http://git-server/gitweb 在线查看版本库了。

还可以做一些增强配置，比如在 /etc/gitweb.conf 中开启 pretty url：

sudo emacs /etc/gitweb.conf

添加下列内容：

# Enable PATH_INFO so the server can produce URLs of the# form: http://git.cdwilson.us/project.git/xxx/xxx# This allows for pretty URLs *within* the Git repository, where# my Apache rewrite rules are not active.$feature{'pathinfo'}{'default'} = [1];

还有更多：

$projects_list_description_width = 100;# Enable blame, pickaxe search, snapshop, search, and grep# support, but still allow individual projects to turn them off.# These are features that users can use to interact with your Git trees. They# consume some CPU whenever a user uses them, so you can turn them off if you# need to. Note that the 'override' option means that you can override the# setting on a per-repository basis.$feature{'blame'}{'default'} = [1];$feature{'blame'}{'override'} = 1;$feature{'pickaxe'}{'default'} = [1];$feature{'pickaxe'}{'override'} = 1;$feature{'snapshot'}{'default'} = [1];$feature{'snapshot'}{'override'} = 1;$feature{'search'}{'default'} = [1];$feature{'grep'}{'default'} = [1];$feature{'grep'}{'override'} = 1;$feature{'show-sizes'}{'default'} = [1];$feature{'show-sizes'}{'override'} = 1;$feature{'avatar'}{'default'} = ['gravatar'];$feature{'avatar'}{'override'} = 1;$feature{'highlight'}{'default'} = [1];$feature{'highlight'}{'override'} = 1;

六、添加用户

用户生成公钥（参见附注3）发送给Git管理员（也就是你）
把这个公钥放到 gitolite-admin/keypair 目录下，记得名字改为 account-name.pub，
并且修改 conf/gitolite.conf 添加此用户（例如，到developer用户组里）：

@developer root, account-name

最后别忘了 push 到服务器。

gitolite.conf 的书写规则参见文档：http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite/admin.html

添加完之后此用户就可以用 git clone gitolite@host:repo-name 来克隆版本库到本地，pull 以及 push了。

附注：

1. 参考资料：
   http://computercamp.cdwilson.us/git-gitolite-git-daemon-gitweb-setup-on-ubunt
   http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite/master-toc.html
   http://www.tipstank.com/2011/09/01/adding-users-to-gitolite/
2. Gitolite的管理思路是完全Git化的。服务器上有一个名为“gitolite-admin”的repo，存储Git服务配置，你只要克隆到本机，修改并push，服务器端会自动完成配置更新。大多数管理任务都无需登录服务器，可以直接在本机搞定。
3. 如何生成SSH公钥：
   打开GitBash，执行 ssh-keygen 然后一直回车（三次）即可，最后得到结果：
   

   Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/xwjin/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/xwjin/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:ef:76:60:21:af:58:0b:16:a5:21:83:a5:c6:d3:1e:1b xwjin@XWJIN-PC

   
   得到的 id_rsa.pub 就是本机的公钥了。

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https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite

Gitolite README

about this README

(Github-users: click the "wiki" link before sending me anything via github.)

This is a minimal README for gitolite, so you can quickly get started with:

• installing gitolite on a fresh userid on a Unix(-like) machine
• learning enough to do some basic access control

For anything more, you need to look at the complete documentation, at:http://gitolite.com/gitolite. Please go there for what/why/how, concepts,background, troubleshooting, more details on what is covered here, advancedfeatures not covered here, migration from older gitolite, and many moretopics.

Assumptions

• You are familiar with:

  • OS: at least one Unix-like OS
  • ssh: ssh, ssh keys, ssh authorized keys file
  • git: basic use of git, bare and non-bare remotes

• You are setting up a fresh, ssh-based, installation of gitolite on a Unixmachine of some sort.

• You have root access, or someone has created a userid called "git" for youto use and given you a password for it. This is a brand new userid (oryou have deleted everything but.bashrc and similar files to make itlook like one!)

• If your server is not connected to the internet, you know how to clone thegitolite source code by using some in-between server or "git bundle".

Installation and setup

server requirements

• any unix system
• sh
• git 1.6.6 or later
• perl 5.8.8 or later
• openssh 5.0 or later
• a dedicated userid to host the repos (in this document, we assume it is"git", but it can be anything; substitute accordingly)
• this user id does NOT currently have any ssh pubkey-based access
  • ideally, this user id has shell access ONLY by "su - git" from someother userid on the same server (this ensure minimal confusion for sshnewbies!)

steps to install

First, prepare the ssh key:

• login to "git" on the server
• make sure ~/.ssh/authorized_keys is empty or non-existent
• make sure your ssh public key from your workstation has been copied as$HOME/YourName.pub

Next, install gitolite by running these commands:

git clone git://github.com/sitaramc/gitolitemkdir -p $HOME/bingitolite/install -to $HOME/bin

Finally, setup gitolite with yourself as the administrator:

gitolite setup -pk YourName.pub

If the last command doesn't run perhaps "bin" is not in your "PATH". You caneither add it, or just run:

$HOME/bin/gitolite setup -pk YourName.pub

If you get any other errors please refer to the online documentation whose URLwas given at the top of this file.

adding users and repos

Do NOT add new repos or users manually on the server. Gitolite users,repos, and access rules are maintained by making changes to a special repocalled "gitolite-admin" andpushing those changes to the server.

To administer your gitolite installation, start by doing this on yourworkstation (if you have not already done so):

git clone git@host:gitolite-admin

---

NOTE: if you are asked for a password, something went wrong.. Go hit the link for the complete documentation earlier in this file.

---

Now if you "cd gitolite-admin", you will see two subdirectories in it: "conf"and "keydir".

To add new users alice, bob, and carol, obtain their public keys and add themto "keydir" as alice.pub, bob.pub, and carol.pub respectively.

To add a new repo "foo" and give different levels of access to theseusers, edit the file "conf/gitolite.conf" and add lines like this:

repo foo    RW+         =   alice    RW          =   bob    R           =   carol

Once you have made these changes, do something like this:

git add confgit add keydirgit commit -m "added foo, gave access to alice, bob, carol"git push

When the push completes, gitolite will add the new users to~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the server, as well as create a new, empty, repocalled "foo".

help for your users

Once a user has sent you their public key and you have added them asspecified above and given them access, you have to tell them what URL toaccess their repos at. This is usually "git clone git@host:reponame"; seeman git-clone for other forms.

NOTE: again, if they are asked for a password, something is wrong.

If they need to know what repos they have access to, they just have to run"ssh git@host info".

access rule examples

Gitolite's access rules are very powerful. The simplest use was alreadyshown above. Here is a slightly more detailed example:

repo foo    RW+                     =   alice    -   master              =   bob    -   refs/tags/v[0-9]    =   bob    RW                      =   bob    RW  refs/tags/v[0-9]    =   carol    R                       =   dave

Here's what these example rules say:

• alice can do anything to any branch or tag -- create, push,delete, rewind/overwrite etc.

• bob can create or fast-forward push any branch whose name doesnot start with "master" and create any tag whose name does notstart with "v"+digit.

• carol can create tags whose names start with "v"+digit.

• dave can clone/fetch.

Please see the main documentation linked above for all the gory details, aswell as more features and examples.

groups

Gitolite allows you to group users or repos for convenience. Here's anexample that creates two groups of users:

@staff      =   alice bob carol@interns    =   ashokrepo secret    RW      =   @staffrepo foss    RW+     =   @staff    RW      =   @interns

Group lists accumulate. The following two lines have the same effect asthe earlier definition of @staff above:

@staff      =   alice bob@staff      =   carol

You can also use group names in other group names:

@all-devs   =   @staff @interns

Finally, @all is a special group name that is often convenient to use ifyou really mean "all repos" or "all users".

commands

Users can run certain commands remotely, using ssh. Running

ssh git@host help

prints a list of available commands.

The most commonly used command is "info". All commands respond to asingle argument of "-h" with suitable information.

If you have shell on the server, you have a lot more commands available toyou; try running "gitolite help".

LICENSE

contact and support

Please see http://gitolite.com/gitolite/#contact for mailing list and IRCinfo.

license

The gitolite software is copyright Sitaram Chamarty and is licensed under theGPL v2; please see the file called COPYING in the source distribution.

Please see http://gitolite.com/gitolite/#license for more.