以下内容转载自：http://www.cocoachina.com/macdev/objc/2010/0430/1289.htm
看了一下Programming Guide for Cocoa的文档,还是有比较详尽的说明的,整理出来备查.
格式定义
The format specifiers supported by the NSString formatting methods and CFString formatting functions follow the IEEE printf specification; the specifiers are summarized in Table 1. Note that you can also use the “n$” positional specifiers such as %1$@ %2$s. For more details, see the IEEE printf specification. You can also use these format specifiers with the NSLog function.
Table 1 Format specifiers supported by the NSString formatting methods and CFString formatting functions定义说明%@Objective-C object, printed as the string returned by descriptionWithLocale: if available, or description otherwise. Also works with CFTypeRef objects, returning the result of the CFCopyDescription function.%%‘%’ character%d, %D, %iSigned 32-bit integer (int)%u, %UUnsigned 32-bit integer (unsigned int)%hiSigned 16-bit integer (short)%huUnsigned 16-bit integer (unsigned short)%qiSigned 64-bit integer (long long)%quUnsigned 64-bit integer (unsigned long long)%xUnsigned 32-bit integer (unsigned int), printed in hexadecimal using the digits 0–9 and lowercase a–f%XUnsigned 32-bit integer (unsigned int), printed in hexadecimal using the digits 0–9 and uppercase A–F%qxUnsigned 64-bit integer (unsigned long long), printed in hexadecimal using the digits 0–9 and lowercase a–f%qXUnsigned 64-bit integer (unsigned long long), printed in hexadecimal using the digits 0–9 and uppercase A–F%o, %OUnsigned 32-bit integer (unsigned int), printed in octal%f64-bit floating-point number (double)%e64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in scientific notation using a lowercase e to introduce the exponent%E64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in scientific notation using an uppercase E to introduce the exponent%g64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in the style of %e if the exponent is less than –4 or greater than or equal to the precision, in the style of %f otherwise%G64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in the style of %E if the exponent is less than –4 or greater than or equal to the precision, in the style of %f otherwise%c8-bit unsigned character (unsigned char), printed by NSLog() as an ASCII character, or, if not an ASCII character, in the octal format \\ddd or the Unicode hexadecimal format \\udddd, where d is a digit%C16-bit Unicode character (unichar), printed by NSLog() as an ASCII character, or, if not an ASCII character, in the octal format \\ddd or the Unicode hexadecimal format \\udddd, where d is a digit%sNull-terminated array of 8-bit unsigned characters. %s interprets its input in the system encoding rather than, for example, UTF-8.%SNull-terminated array of 16-bit Unicode characters%pVoid pointer (void *), printed in hexadecimal with the digits 0–9 and lowercase a–f, with a leading 0x%LLength modifier specifying that a following a, A, e, E, f, F, g, or G conversion specifier applies to a long double argument%a64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in scientific notation with a leading 0x and one hexadecimal digit before the decimal point using a lowercase p to introduce the exponent%A64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in scientific notation with a leading 0X and one hexadecimal digit before the decimal point using a uppercase P to introduce the exponent%F64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in decimal notation%zLength modifier specifying that a following d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion specifier applies to a size_t or the corresponding signed integer type argument%tLength modifier specifying that a following d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion specifier applies to a ptrdiff_t or the corresponding unsigned integer type argument%jLength modifier specifying that a following d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion specifier applies to a intmax_t or uintmax_t argument平台依赖
Mac OS X uses several data types—NSInteger, NSUInteger,CGFloat, and CFIndex—to provide a consistent means of representing values in 32- and 64-bit environments. In a 32-bit environment, NSInteger and NSUInteger are defined as int and unsigned int, respectively. In 64-bit environments, NSInteger and NSUInteger are defined as long and unsigned long, respectively. To avoid the need to use different printf-style type specifiers depending on the platform, you can use the specifiers shown in Table 2. Note that in some cases you may have to cast the value.
Table 2 Format specifiers for data types类型定义建议NSInteger%ld or %lxCast the value to longNSUInteger%lu or %lxCast the value to unsigned longCGFloat%f or %g%f works for floats and doubles when formatting; but see below warning when scanningCFIndex%ld or %lxThe same as NSIntegerpointer%p%p adds 0x to the beginning of the output. If you don’t want that, use %lx and cast to long.long long%lld or %llxlong long is 64-bit on both 32- and 64-bit platformsunsigned long long%llu or %llxunsigned long long is 64-bit on both 32- and 64-bit platformsThe following example illustrates the use of %ld to format an NSInteger and the use of a cast.
NSInteger i = 42;printf("%ld\n", (long)i);In addition to the considerations mentioned in Table 2, there is one extra case with scanning: you must distinguish the types for float and double. You should use %f for float, %lf for double. If you need to use scanf (or a variant thereof) with CGFloat, switch to double instead, and copy the double to CGFloat.
CGFloat imageWidth;double tmp;sscanf (str, "%lf", &tmp);imageWidth = tmp;
It is important to remember that %lf does not represent CGFloat correctly on either 32- or 64-bit platforms. This is unlike %ld, which works for long in all cases.
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