Asterisk 配置文件

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Configuration Guide

You've installed Asterisk and verified that it willstart up. Now how do you go about configuring your PBX? The first thing you need to do is tell Asterisk what telephone connections (to handsets and exchanges, whether by physical wire or by IP) you have. These are calledchannels.
当安装完Asterisk,验证启动无误,就需要开始配置PBX了,首先需要告诉Asterisk那些类型的电话连接(手持设备,交换设备等,不管是通过电路还是IP),这些被称为通道。

  • Asterisk Channel Configuration

The next task is to configure the Dialplan. The dialplan routes every call in the system from its source through various applications to its final destination.
下一步任务是配置拨号方案,拨号方案控制进入系统的呼叫根据设定的各种应用的走向,直到完成目标

  • Asterisk Dialplan Configuration

You're up and running now. But what about some extra bells and whistles?
现在已经运行了Asterisk,但是否需要一些额外的铃音或提示音?

  • Music on Hold (音乐保持)
  • Call Parking (呼叫停泊)
  • Billing (计费)
  • Management interfaces (管理接口)

Templates

Templates can assist to avoid repeating the same section(s) again and again in your Asterisk configuration files.
模板可以帮助避免在配置文件中出现重复项目

Generating Configuration Files from Templates

The STS Template Engine can generate Asterisk configuration files from templates. It has its own macro language for conditional template expansion and is available in source code for embedding into your own applications. The library sources could also be used to build a standalone command line utility
STS模板引擎可以从模板中生成Asterisk配置文件.

Alternative Methods of Configuration

  • GUI or Web based setup tools, see Asterisk GUI
  • MySQL etc databases

Configuration Reference

Master configuration file:
  • asterisk.conf: Tell Asterisk the directories where everything is, including the directory containing all the other configuration files. By default, Asterisk looks for the asterisk.conf file in the /etc/asterisk directory, but you cansupply a command line parameter to use a different asterisk.conf file.
    主配置文件,asterisk.conf,通知Asterisk环境目录位置,包含其他所有配置文件所包含的目录,缺省Asterisk会在/etc/asterisk/目录下找asterisk.conf文件,也可以通过命令参数使用不同的asterisk.conf

Configuration of Asterisk channels: (配置Asterisk通道)
  • adtranvofr.conf: Configure voice over frame relay (Adtran style) channels
    配置帧中继语音通道
  • agents.conf: Configureagent channels
    配置代理通道
  • h323.conf: ConfigureH323 channels
    配置H323通道
  • iax.conf: ConfigureIAX channels
    配置IAX通道
  • mgcp.conf: ConfigureMGCP channels
    配置MGCP(媒体网关控制协议,应用于多媒体网关单元之间)
  • modem.conf: ConfigureModem channels (for ISDN, not for modems!)
    配置ISDN,不是modem
  • phone.conf: Configurephone channels (Linux Telephony devices)
    配置linux电话设备
  • sip.conf: ConfigureSIP channels
    配置SIP通道
  • sip_notify.conf: Configure SIP NOTIFY messages
    配置SIP 消息通知
  • skinny.conf: ConfigureSkinny channels (Cisco SCCP)
 
配置Cisco SCCP通道
  • vpb.conf: Configurevpb channels (Voicetronix cards)
    配置Voicetronix卡通道(是澳大利亚的开放源码的CTI专业制造厂商)
  • zapata.conf: ConfigureZap channels (Digium cards)
    配置ZAP卡通道
       

    Configuration of Analog Display Services Interface配置模拟显示服务接口
    • adsi.conf
    • asterisk.adsi
    • telcordia-1.adsi

    Configuration of the Dialplan:
    • extensions.conf: The Dialplan 拨号方案
    • extensions.ael: The Asterisk Extensions Language 扩展拨号方案语言
    • parking.conf:Call Parking configuration. Note: This file has been renamed tofeatures.conf as of Asterisk 1.0rc1 (17 july 2004)
      配置呼叫停泊,文件名字已被修改为features.conf
    • extconfig.conf: Used by res_data to arrange external configuration (e.g. thru ODBC)
      通过res_data方式部署扩展配置,例如通过ODBC

    Configuration of specific Dialplan Commands配置拨号方案特殊命令
    • alarmreceiver.conf:AlarmReceiver configuration (警报接收配置)
    • enum.conf:EnumLookup configuration  (电话号码映射查找配置)
    • dundi.conf:DUNDiLookup configuration  分布式全球号码发现(DUNDi)是一个对等(P2P)协议,用于提供等价于那些由电子号码(ENUM)提供的服务。DUNDi有一个超过 ENUM的优点就是它更有弹力,因为也它缺乏一个故障中心点。DUNDi能够被用于增加DNS和它与IP语音(VOIP)服务一起发展
      festival.conf:Festival configuration (文本语音转换配置)
    • indications.conf:Playtones tone definitions  (铃音清晰度配置)
    • meetme.conf:MeetMe conference configuration (会议配置)
    • musiconhold.conf:MusicOnHold configuration  (音乐保持配置)
    • queues.conf:Queue configuration  (队列配置)
    • voicemail.conf:VoiceMail configuration ( 语音邮件配置)

    Uncategorized configuration files:  没分目录配置文件
    • alarmreceiver.conf: 警报接收配置
    • alsa.conf 致力于为Linux 提供高质量的声音子系统
    • cdr_odbc.conf通话详单数据库存储配置
    • cdr_pgsql.conf
    • codecs.conf Asterisk编码配置文件
    • dnsmgr.conf: Background DNS update manager (new in Asterisk v1.2)DNS管理
    • features.conf: Call Parking and other features呼叫停泊等其他特性配置
    • http.conf: Built-in mini HTTP server 内置http server配置
    • logger.conf: Configuration of what to log and where to log it配置系统日志
    • manager.conf: Configuration of theAsterisk manager API 配置管理接口
    • modules.conf: Configuration of Asterisk module loading配置可加载模块
    • odbc.conf: Configuration ofUnixODBC drivers for Asterisk ODBC驱动配置
    • oss.conf  open source software配置
    • privacy.conf 私密配置
    • res_odbc.conf 实时数据库加载配置,可以把配置文件放在数据库中
    • rpt.conf循环应用配置Repeater Application Configuration
    • rtp.conf: Configuration ofRTP ports for media 配置RTP(实时)端口
    • say.conf: Internationalised numbers and dates (new in Asterisk v1.4) (读出标准的数字和日期)
    • users.conf: Generate a "user" (phone, dioalplan, and just about everything)
      用户定义配置文件

    Add on modules, not in standard source distribution
    附加模块,不在标准发布代码中

    • capi.conf: Configuration ofCAPI channels and devices. 
       CAPI是计算机辅助面对面访问(Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing)的简称,是使用基于计算机的问卷的一种调研技术,CAPI可以像CATI一样控制复杂的逻辑,而且,它可以在各种各样的场所使用,购物中心,论坛或者其它公共场所,只要是被访者可以接触到电脑的地方。例如,在定点街访项目,借助端对端网络,它可以从容的管理问卷,控制配额,以及管理数据库,且不需要数据库服务器。 在
    • 面对面访问中,问卷可以由访问人员直接采用电脑,被访者同时可以查看的方式进行访问,也可以是被访者自己的电脑上看到电子问卷,自己操作访问。

      CATI:计算机辅助电话调查系统的简称
    • sirrix.conf: Configuration ofSirrix ISDN channels 配置Sirrix ISDN通道
    • cdr_mysql.conf: Configuration of MySQLCDR database forbilling  配置通话详单在mysql中存储
    • prepaid.conf: Configuration of Prepaid calling card system. 预付费卡配置
    • ldap.conf: Configuration forLDAPget  访问x.500目录访问的标准协议
    • bonjour.conf: Configuration forres_bonjour (aka Rendezvous, aka Zeroconf)
      苹果服务发现接口支持
    • enumagi.conf: Configuration file for enumlookup.agi
      电话号码映射查找配置文件
    • zeroconf.conf: Configuration file defining services and parameters to advertise viazeroconf是一个轻量级的服务发现协议,适用于注册和寻找附近的可用协议、设备等等。 他是bonjour的开源名称,bonjour是苹果公司力推的一个service discovery协议
    In most installations, these files are placed in /etc/
    • /etc/zaptel.conf: Configuration of the kernel part ofzaptel
    • vxml.conf: Configuration of the VoiceXML interpretervxml 

    General hints about configuration files

    • In all Asterisk configuration files, you may include other files by using the#include statement. This way, you may save your general SIP configuration in one file and have the SIP accounts in another file.
      在所有的Astersik配置文件中,可以通过#include来包含加载其他配置文档,也就是说,可以存储通用SIP信息在一个文件中,用户帐户存储在另外的文件中
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