Android使用ksoap2-android调用WebService学习

之前主要做客户端UI交互，很少处理数据和接触服务端，但现在的移动设备根本不可能离得开网络连接，数据的交换。最近学习的是在android端如何去调用远程WebService，都说WebService是一种基于SOAP协议的远程调用标准，对于这个协议理解不深，知道webservice可以将不同操作系统平台、不同语言、不同技术整合到一块，android SDK没有直接调用webservice的库，最常用的是借助ksoap2-android这个第三方SDK，点击打开链接，然后和其他第三方jar包一样导入android项目中即可。

        对于WebService服务器具体的编写，现阶段自己不了解，暂且使用网络免费的WebService进行学习http://www.webxml.com.cn/zh_cn/index.aspx，利用这个来写一个简单的国内天气预报的查询，代码编写参照《疯狂Android讲义》相关部分，自己做部分修改。

 

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       以下是几个主要的方法：

1.创建HttpTransportSE传输对象：HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL); SERVICE_URL是webservice提供服务的url

2.使用SOAP1.1协议创建Envelop对象：SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); 设置SOAP协议的版本号，根据服务端WebService的版本号设置。

3.实例化SoapObject对象：SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NAMESPACE, methodName); 第一个参数表示WebService的命名空间，可以从WSDL文档中找到WebService的命名空间。第二个参数表示要调用的WebService方法名。

4.设置调用方法的参数值，如果没有参数，可以省略：例如soapObject.addProperty("theCityCode", cityName);

5.记得设置bodyout属性 envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;

6.调用webservice：ht.call(SERVICE_NAMESPACE+methodName, envelope);

7.获取服务器响应返回的SOAP消息：

     SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
     SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(methodName+"Result");

 

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在这个天气预报的demo中需要多次调用webservice，将方法写在一个工具类中，代码如下：

<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;">package com.example.webservicedemo;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.ksoap2.SoapEnvelope;import org.ksoap2.SoapFault;import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapSerializationEnvelope;import org.ksoap2.transport.HttpTransportSE;import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;public class WebServiceUtil {// 定义webservice的命名空间public static final String SERVICE_NAMESPACE = "http://WebXml.com.cn/";// 定义webservice提供服务的urlpublic static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx";// 调用远程webservice获取省份列表public static List<String> getProvinceList() {// 调用 的方法String methodName = "getRegionProvince";// 创建HttpTransportSE传输对象HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);try {ht.debug = true;// 使用SOAP1.1协议创建Envelop对象SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);// 实例化SoapObject对象SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NAMESPACE,methodName);envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;// 设置与.NET提供的webservice保持较好的兼容性envelope.dotNet = true;// 调用webserviceht.call(SERVICE_NAMESPACE + methodName, envelope);if (envelope.getResponse() != null) {// 获取服务器响应返回的SOAP消息SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(methodName+ "Result");// 解析服务器响应的SOAP消息return parseProvinceOrCity(detail);}} catch (SoapFault e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}return null;}// 根据省份获取城市列表public static List<String> getCityListsByProvince(String province) {// 调用的方法String methodName = "getSupportCityString";// 创建httptransportSE传输对象HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);ht.debug = true;// 实例化SoapObject对象SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NAMESPACE, methodName);// 添加一个请求参数soapObject.addProperty("theRegionCode", province);// 使用soap1.1协议创建envelop对象SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;// 设置与.NET提供的webservice保持较好的兼容性envelope.dotNet = true;// 调用webservicetry {ht.call(SERVICE_NAMESPACE + methodName, envelope);if (envelope.getResponse() != null) {// 获取服务器响应返回的SOAP消息SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(methodName+ "Result");// 解析服务器响应的SOAP消息return parseProvinceOrCity(detail);}} catch (SoapFault e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}return null;}// 解析省份或城市public static List<String> parseProvinceOrCity(SoapObject detail) {ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();for (int i = 0; i < detail.getPropertyCount(); i++) {// 解析出每个省份result.add(detail.getProperty(i).toString().split(",")[0]);}return result;}// 根据城市字符串获取相应天气情况public static SoapObject getWeatherByCity(String cityName) {String methodName = "getWeather";HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);ht.debug = true;SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NAMESPACE, methodName);soapObject.addProperty("theCityCode", cityName);envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;envelope.dotNet = true;try {ht.call(SERVICE_NAMESPACE + methodName, envelope);SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(methodName+ "Result");return detail;} catch (IOException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}return null;}}</span>

 

上面这个便是主要实现远程调用webservice的代码，其他实现在activity中完成即可，但是这里也会涉及到一个问题，就是Android多线程问题，在调用webservice时，为了防止ANR的出现，不能在主线程中进行，需要另开子线程执行，,因为子线程涉及到UI更新，Android主线程是线程不安全的，也就是说，更新UI只能在主线程中更新，子线程中操作是危险的.便要涉及Handler的使用了，实在是不才，自己更多时候习惯使用AsyncTask来代替Handler（还是要重新琢磨下Handler的使用方法），因为操作起来比较简单方便，下面是项目中异步操作类中的一个：

 

<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;">package com.example.webservicedemo;import java.util.List;import android.os.AsyncTask;import android.widget.Spinner;public class ProvinceAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, String, List<String>> {private MainActivity activity;private List<String> provinces;private Spinner sp_province;public ProvinceAsyncTask (MainActivity activity,Spinner sp_province){this.activity = activity;this.sp_province = sp_province;}@Overrideprotected List<String> doInBackground(String... params) { // TODO Auto-generated method stubprovinces = WebServiceUtil.getProvinceList();return null;}@Overrideprotected void onPostExecute(List<String> result) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubListAdapter adapter = new ListAdapter(activity, provinces);sp_province.setAdapter(adapter);}}</span>

可以看出来比较简单，在doInBackground中执行调用webservice，在onPostExecute中执行列表刷新展示

 

 

最后附上该demo的代码，希望可以对初涉及android调用webservice的朋友有帮助

http://download.csdn.net/detail/eyu8874521/5609627