Android0915<十九>(多媒体、SoundPool、MediaRecorder、SurfaceView,简单地使用摄像头)

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SoundPool

SoundPool类管理和播放音频资源的应用。因为MediaPlayer在播放音乐时会资源占用量较高、延迟时间较长、不支持多个音频同时播放等。,但有时一些系统提示音很小,就没有必要用MediaPlayer去播放,就用到了SoundPool.SoundPool载入音乐文件使用了独立的线程,不会阻塞UI主线程的操作。SoundPool主要用于播放一些较短的声音片段,与MediaPlayer相比,SoundPool的优势在于CPU资源占用量低和反应延迟小。另外,SoundPool还支持自行设置声音的品质、音量、 播放比率等参数。

SoundPlayer 播放音频的实现步骤

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="vertical"    tools:context=".MainActivity">    <Button        android:id="@+id/btn_soundpool"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="提示音"/></LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {    private Button btn_soundpool;    private SoundPool pool=null;    private int voiceID;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        voiceID=initSoundpool();        btn_soundpool= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_soundpool);        btn_soundpool.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                playSound();            }        });         }    public void playSound(){        //play(int soundID, float leftVolume, float rightVolume, int priority, int loop, float rate) ,        // soundID该方法的第一个参数指定播放哪个声音,其中leftVolume和rightVolume表示左右音量,        // priority表示优先级,loop表示循环次数,rate表示速率,如       //速率最低0.5最高为2,1代表正常速度        pool.play(voiceID,1,1,0,1,1);    }    private int initSoundpool() {        //判断sdk的版本号,高于21 的可以用下面的方法        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {            //通过SoundPool.Builder创建SoundPool得到实例对象            SoundPool.Builder builder=new SoundPool.Builder();            //setMaxStreams()方法设置可以同时播放的同时流的最大数量。参数为大于等于1的值            builder.setMaxStreams(2);            //AudioAttributes类封装的属性的集合来描述一个音频流的信息。            //AudioAttributes.Builder用于生成AudioAttributes类            AudioAttributes.Builder attrBuilder=new AudioAttributes.Builder();            //AudioAttributes.Builder的setLegacyStreamType()方法从传统的流类型中推断出的属性。            //setLegacyStreamType参数AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC为音乐播放的音频流            attrBuilder.setLegacyStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);            //setAudioAttributes()方法得到AudioAttributes集合,参数为attribute类型的非空值            builder.setAudioAttributes(attrBuilder.build());            pool=builder.build();        }else{            //SDK版本低于21的可以用下面的方法            //第一个参数是声音的大小,第二个参数是数量流的类型,第三个参数为采样率转化质量,当前无效果,使用0作为默认值            pool=new SoundPool(2,AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC,0);        }        //int  load(String path, int priority) 从APK资源载入或 resld 所对应的资源加载声音。        //最后一个参数为优先级。        //加载声音之后,该方法都会返回该声音的的ID,以后程序就可以通过该声音的ID 来播放指定声音。        return pool.load(getApplicationContext(),R.raw.msg,1);    }}

这里写图片描述

MediaRecorder录音

MediaRecorder的机制图,录音需要系统的录音权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"></uses-permission>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>

这里写图片描述
基本的步骤为:

1、创建一个实例对象
2、创建一个Mediarecorder的类,然后调用Mediarecorder的方法完成设置audio源、设置输出文件格式、audio编码格式、设置输出文件
3、准备录音,开始录音,停止录音,释放相关连接对象
>

mediaRecorder=new MediaRecorder();           mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/myrecord.3gp");mediaRecorder.prepare();mediaRecorder.start(); mediaRecorder.stop();//reset()重启mediarecorder其空闲状态mediaRecorder.reset();//release()释放资源这个mediarecorder对象关联mediaRecorder.release();

activity_main.xml

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{    private Button btn_StartRecorder;    private Button btn_StopRecorder;    private MediaRecorder mediaRecorder;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        voiceID=initSoundpool();         btn_StartRecorder= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_start_recorder);        btn_StartRecorder.setOnClickListener(this);        btn_StopRecorder= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_stop_recorder);        btn_StopRecorder.setOnClickListener(this);}@Override public void onClick(View v) {        switch(v.getId()){        case R.id.btn_start_recorder:                //创建一个MediaRecorder类的实例对象                mediaRecorder=new MediaRecorder();                //setAudioSource()方法设置用于录制的音频源,参数为使用的音频源                //MediaRecorder.AudioSource定义的音频源.MIC为麦克风音频源                mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);                //setOutputFormat()方法为设置输出格式为.3gp                mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);                //setAudioEncoder()方法为设置编码格式,                // 参数为定义的音频编码格式,AMR_NB为AMR(窄带)音频编解码器                mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB);                //setOutputFile()方法设置输出文件的路径,                mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/myrecord.3gp");                try {                    //prepare()准备录音机开始捕获和编码数据。                    mediaRecorder.prepare();                    //start()开始捕获和指定setoutputfile()文件数据编码                    mediaRecorder.start();                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }                break;            case R.id.btn_stop_recorder:                //stop()停止录制                mediaRecorder.stop();                //reset()重启mediarecorder其空闲状态                mediaRecorder.reset();                //release()释放资源这个mediarecorder对象关联                mediaRecorder.release();                break;                   }    }}

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="vertical"    tools:context=".MainActivity">    <Button        android:id="@+id/btn_start_recorder"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="开始录音"/>    <Button        android:id="@+id/btn_stop_recorder"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="结束录音"/></LinearLayout>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    package="com.example.administrator.soundpool" ><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"></uses-permission>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>    <application        android:allowBackup="true"        android:icon="@mipmap/music"        android:label="@string/app_name"        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >        <activity            android:name=".MainActivity"            android:label="@string/app_name" >            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />            </intent-filter>        </activity>        <activity android:name=".SurfaceViewActivity"></activity>    </application></manifest>

这里写图片描述

VideoView和SurfaceView播放视频

用VideoView控件来播放视频,显示视频文件。VideoView类可以从各种来源加载图像(如资源或内容提供商),负责计算测量从视频,它可以用在任何布局管理器,提供了各种各样的显示选项,如缩放和着色。
SurfaceView和View最本质的区别在于,surfaceView是在一个新起的单独线程中可以重新绘制画面而View必须在UI的主线程中更新画面。 当使用surfaceView 由于是在新的线程中更新画面所以不会阻塞你的UI主线程。虽然VideoView可以很容易地播放视频,但播放位置和播放大小并不受控制,因此,需要用SurfaceView来播放视频

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="vertical"    tools:context=".MainActivity">    <Button        android:id="@+id/btn_surfaceview"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="开始播放surfacview"/>    <Button        android:id="@+id/btn_start_playvideo"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="开始播放"/>    <VideoView        android:id="@+id/videoview"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content" /></LinearLayout>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    package="com.example.administrator.soundpool" ><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"></uses-permission>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>    <application        android:allowBackup="true"        android:icon="@mipmap/music"        android:label="@string/app_name"        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >        <activity            android:name=".MainActivity"            android:label="@string/app_name" >            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />            </intent-filter>        </activity>        <activity android:name=".SurfaceViewActivity"></activity>    </application></manifest>

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{    private Button btn_StartPlay;    private VideoView mVideoView;    private Button btn_surfaceview;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);         btn_StartPlay= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_start_playvideo);        btn_StartPlay.setOnClickListener(this);        mVideoView= (VideoView) findViewById(R.id.videoview);        btn_surfaceview= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_surfaceview);        btn_surfaceview.setOnClickListener(this);        }         @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        switch(v.getId()){         case R.id.btn_start_playvideo:                //setVideoPath设置视频的文件来源位置                mVideoView.setVideoPath(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/aa.mp4");                //setMediaController设置进度条在界面上显示                mVideoView.setMediaController(new MediaController(MainActivity.this));                //start()开始播放视频                mVideoView.start();                break;            case R.id.btn_surfaceview:                Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,SurfaceViewActivity.class);                startActivity(intent);                break;     }}}

SurfaceViewActivity.java启动另一个界面来说明surfaceView播放视频

public class SurfaceViewActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{    private Button btn_playsvvideo;    private SurfaceView mSurfaceView;    private MediaPlayer player;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_surfaceview);        btn_playsvvideo= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_playsurfaceview);        btn_playsvvideo.setOnClickListener(this);        mSurfaceView= (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surfaceview);    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        switch (v.getId()){            case R.id.btn_playsurfaceview:                if (player==null){                    player=new MediaPlayer();                }                player.reset();                try {                    //设置视频位置                    player.setDataSource(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/aa.mp4");                    player.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);//设置声音类型                    Log.d("空指针",player+""+mSurfaceView);                    player.setDisplay(mSurfaceView.getHolder());//设置视频播放位置                    player.prepare();//准备                    player.setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() {                        @Override                        public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {                            mp.start();//开始播放                        }                    });                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }                break;        }    }}

activity_surfaceview.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"><Button    android:id="@+id/btn_playsurfaceview"    android:layout_width="wrap_content"    android:layout_height="wrap_content"    android:text="开始播放"/>    <SurfaceView        android:id="@+id/surfaceview"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content" /></LinearLayout>

调用系统摄像头

调用系统的摄像头进行拍照并显示在ImageView上,还可以调用系统的相册,选取其中的一张在ImageView上显示,有时候照片质量过高,无法显示,可以对照片进行压缩,在进行存储并显示。

MainActivity.xml(这里将图片压缩写到另一个类里)

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{    private Button btn_StartCamera;    private Button btn_OpenGallery;    private ImageView mImageView;    private File file;    private int GET_PIC_FORM_GALLERY=0x24;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        btn_StartCamera= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_startcamera);        btn_StartCamera.setOnClickListener(this);        mImageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageview);        btn_OpenGallery= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_open_gallery);        btn_OpenGallery.setOnClickListener(this);    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        switch(v.getId()){            case R.id.btn_startcamera:                Intent intent=new Intent();                intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);//隐式启动系统相机               file=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),System.currentTimeMillis()+".jpg");                try {                    file.createNewFile();                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,Uri.fromFile(file));//告诉系统相机将照片保存的位置                startActivityForResult(intent, 0x23);//开始启动                break;                //调用系统相册按钮事件监听            case R.id.btn_open_gallery:                Intent intentOpenGallery=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);                //得到intent的类型为图片                intentOpenGallery.setType("image/*");                startActivityForResult(intentOpenGallery, GET_PIC_FORM_GALLERY);                break;        }    }    @Override    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);        if (resultCode==RESULT_OK){            if (requestCode==0x23){                ImageZip.zipImage(file.getAbsolutePath());//压缩图片                mImageView.setImageURI(Uri.fromFile(file));//得到图片            }if (requestCode==GET_PIC_FORM_GALLERY){            //从系统相册中得到图片                Uri uri=data.getData();                mImageView.setImageURI(uri);            }        }    }}

ImageZip.java(压缩图片的方法)

public class ImageZip {    public static void zipImage(String savePath) {        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;        BitmapFactory.decodeFile(savePath, options);        options.inSampleSize = computeInitialSampleSize(options, 480, 480 * 960);        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(savePath, options);        try {            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(savePath);            bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 90, fos);            fos.flush();            fos.close();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        bitmap.recycle();        bitmap = null;        System.gc();    }    public static int computeSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,                                 int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {        int initialSize = computeInitialSampleSize(options, minSideLength,                maxNumOfPixels);        int roundedSize;        if (initialSize <= 8) {            roundedSize = 1;            while (roundedSize < initialSize) {                roundedSize <<= 1;            }        } else {            roundedSize = (initialSize + 7) / 8 * 8;        }        return roundedSize;    }    private static int computeInitialSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,                                         int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {        double w = options.outWidth;        double h = options.outHeight;        int lowerBound = (maxNumOfPixels == -1) ? 1 : (int) Math.ceil(Math                .sqrt(w * h / maxNumOfPixels));        int upperBound = (minSideLength == -1) ? 128 : (int) Math.min(                Math.floor(w / minSideLength), Math.floor(h / minSideLength));        if (upperBound < lowerBound) {            // return the larger one when there is no overlapping zone.            return lowerBound;        }        if ((maxNumOfPixels == -1) && (minSideLength == -1)) {            return 1;        } else if (minSideLength == -1) {            return lowerBound;        } else {            return upperBound;        }    }}

activity_main.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity">    <Button        android:id="@+id/btn_startcamera"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="调用系统相机"/>    <Button        android:id="@+id/btn_open_gallery"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"        android:text="打开相册"/><ImageView    android:id="@+id/imageview"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent" /></RelativeLayout>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    package="com.example.administrator.camera" ><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>    <application        android:allowBackup="true"        android:icon="@mipmap/camera"        android:label="@string/app_name"        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >        <activity            android:name=".MainActivity"            android:label="@string/app_name" >            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />            </intent-filter>        </activity>    </application></manifest>
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