ubuntu安装镜像定制

1.      安装工具

# apt-get install squashfs-tools genisoimage

2.      解压iso镜像文件

# mkdir oldiso

# mount -o loop ubuntu-12.04-desktop-amd64.iso oldiso

# cp -rp oldiso newiso

# umount oldiso

此处需要查看拷贝的文件是否完整正确，因为镜像里面有个.disk查到隐藏文件，网上的好些教程使用的cp -r oldiso/*命令没有拷贝隐藏的文件，导致做出来的镜像文件无法进行安装。

3.      解压filesystem.squashfs文件

# unsquashfs newiso/casper/filesystem.squashfs

将filesystem.squashfs文件解压到当前目录，解压出来的目录为squashfs-root。

4.      拷贝安装软件包

# cp xxx squashfs-root/var

拷贝所有需要手动安装的软件到squashfs-root/var目录。

 

5.      切换进新的系统

# chroot squashfs-root

# mount -t proc none /proc

# mount -t sysfs none /sys

# mount -t devpts none /dev/pts

6.      定制系统

7.1    配置安装源文件

# mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_bak

# vi /etc/apt/sources.list

备份/etc/apt/sources.list文件，并编译新的/etc/apt/sources.list为如下内容。

debhttp://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

debhttp://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universemultiverse

debhttp://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universemultiverse

debhttp://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

debhttp://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universemultiverse

deb-srchttp://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

deb-srchttp://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universemultiverse

deb-srchttp://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universemultiverse

deb-srchttp://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universemultiverse

deb-srchttp://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universemultiverse

 

debhttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

debhttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universemultiverse

debhttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universemultiverse

debhttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universemultiverse

debhttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universemultiverse

deb-srchttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

deb-srchttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universemultiverse

deb-srchttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universemultiverse

deb-srchttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universemultiverse

deb-srchttp://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universemultiverse

# apt-get update

7.2    使用apt-get安装软件

# apt-get install vim openssh-server subversion samba

# apt-get install xxx

7.3    安装需要手动安装的软件

# cd /var

# xxx

7.4    清除临时文件和安装包

# apt-get clean

# apt-get autoremove

# rm -rf /tmp/*

# cd /var

# rm xxx   

7.6    退回到原来的系统

# umount /proc || umount -lf /proc

# umount /sys

# umount /dev/pts

# exit

7.      重新配置并压缩根文件系统

# chmod +w newiso/casper/filesystem.manifest

# chroot squashfs-rootdpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' >newiso/casper/filesystem.manifest

# cpnewiso/casper/filesystem.manifest newiso/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

# sed -i '/ubiquity/d'newiso/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

# sed -i '/casper/d'newiso/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop

# rmnewiso/casper/filesystem.squashfs

# mksquashfs squashfs-rootnewiso/casper/filesystem.squashfs

# printf $(du -sx--block-size=1 squashfs-root | cut -f1) > newiso/casper/filesystem.size

# cd newiso

# rm md5sum.txt

# find -type f -print0 |xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v isolinux/boot.cat | tee md5sum.txt

8.      重新制作iso镜像

# mkisofs -D -r -V"My ubuntu-12.04" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -cisolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o../ubuntu-12.04-desktop-amd64-custom.iso .

9.      使用dvd光盘烧录或者用UltraISO烧录到U盘中进行测试，具体细节可自行在网上搜索资料，此处不做详细介绍。

【注意事项】

       为了方便起见，本文全程使用root用户进行操作，原则上不推荐直接使用root用户，   如不是用root用户，请参考下面文档中使用sudo执行的命令来进行操作。

【参考文档】

http://www.latelee.org/using-gnu-linux/ubuntu-livecd.html

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDCustomization