把《Effective C++》读薄

这本书很早就打算看了，但是一直没有开始。我觉得这本书其实只需要有一定C++经验，越早接触越好！

1

• view c++ as a federation of languages
  应该看作C、STL、Templete、面对对象四个部分
• prefer consts,enum,inline to #define
• use const whenever possible
• make sure the objects are initialized before they are used;

//这些都是初始化int x=0;const char* a="abcde";double d;cin>>d;Shit(string name,string address):name(name),address(address){}//Shit(stirng name,string address){this.name=name,this.address=address;}会先赋初值

2 Constructor,Destruction,and Assignment Operators

• know what function C++ silently write and calls
• Explicitly disallow the use of complier-generated functions you do not want
• Declare destructors virtual in polymophic base classe
• Prevent exception from leaving destructors
• Never call virtual function during construction or destruction
• Have assignment operator return a reference to *this
• Handle assignment to self in operator =

3 Resource Management

• use object to manage resources
• think carefully about copying behavior in resources manage classed
• provide access to raw resources on resource-managing classedd
• use the same form in corresponding use of new and delete
• store new objects in smart pointers in standalone statements

4 Design and Declarations

• make interfaces easy to use correctly and hard to use incorrectly
• treat class design as type design
• prefer pass-by-reference-to-const to pass-by-value
• don’t try to return a reference when you must return an object
• declare date member private
• prefer non-member non-friend functions to member functions
• declare non-member functions when type conversions should apply to all parameters
• consider support for a non-throwing swap