ApplicationContextAware

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Spring中提供一些Aware相关接口,像是BeanFactoryAware、 ApplicationContextAware、ResourceLoaderAware、ServletContextAware等等,实例这些 Aware接口的Bean在被初始之后,可以取得一些相对应的资源,例如实例BeanFactoryAware的Bean在初始后,Spring容器将会注入BeanFactory的实例,而实例ApplicationContextAware的Bean,在Bean被初始后,将会被注入 ApplicationContext的实例等等。
 Bean取得BeanFactory、ApplicationContextAware的实例目的是什么,一般的目的就是要取得一些档案资源的存取、相关讯息资源或是那些被注入的实例所提供的机制,例如ApplicationContextAware提供了publishEvent()方法,可以支持基于Observer模式的事件传播机制。
 ApplicationContextAware接口的定义如下:
ApplicationContextAware.java
public interface ApplicationContextAware {
    void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context);
}

 我们这边示范如何透过实例ApplicationContextAware注入ApplicationContext来实现事件传播,首先我们的HelloBean如下:
HelloBean.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import org.springframework.context.*;
 
public class HelloBean implements ApplicationContextAware {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    private String helloWord = "Hello!World!";
 
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context) {
        this.applicationContext = context;
    }
 
    public void setHelloWord(String helloWord) {
        this.helloWord = helloWord;
    }
 
    public String getHelloWord() {
        applicationContext.publishEvent(
               new PropertyGettedEvent("[" + helloWord + "] is getted"));
        return helloWord;
    }
}

 ApplicationContext会由Spring容器注入,publishEvent()方法需要一个继承ApplicationEvent的对象,我们的PropertyGettedEvent继承了ApplicationEvent,如下:
PropertyGettedEvent.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import org.springframework.context.*;
 
public class PropertyGettedEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
    public PropertyGettedEvent(Object source) {
        super(source);
    }
}

 当ApplicationContext执行publishEvent()后,会自动寻找实例ApplicationListener接口的对象并通知其发生对应事件,我们实例了PropertyGettedListener如下:
PrppertyGettedListener.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import org.springframework.context.*;
 
public class PropertyGettedListener implements ApplicationListener {
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
        System.out.println(event.getSource().toString()); 
    }
}

 Listener必须被实例化,这我们可以在Bean定义档中加以定义:

Spring的ApplicationContextAware解析

 我们写一个测试程序来测测事件传播的运行:
Test.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import org.springframework.context.*;
import org.springframework.context.support.*;
 
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
     
        HelloBean hello = (HelloBean) context.getBean("helloBean");
        System.out.println(hello.getHelloWord());
    }
}

 执行结果会如下所示:
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger
(org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:
displayName=[org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
hashCode=33219526]; startup date=[Fri Oct 29 10:56:35 CST 2004];
root of ApplicationContext hierarchy
[Hello!Justin!] is getted
Hello!Justin!

 以上是以实例事件传播来看看实例Aware接口取得对应对象后,可以进行的动作,同样的,您也可以实例ResourceLoaderAware接口:
ResourceLoaderAware.java
public interface ResourceLoaderAware {
    void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader loader);
}

 实例ResourceLoader的Bean就可以取得ResourceLoader的实例,如此就可以使用它的getResource()方法,这对于必须存取档案资源的Bean相当有用。
 基本上,Spring虽然提供了这些Aware相关接口,然而Bean上若实现了这些界面,就算是与Spring发生了依赖,从另一个角度来看,虽然您可以直接在Bean上实现这些接口,但您也可以透过setter来完成依赖注入,例如:
HelloBean.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import org.springframework.context.*;
 
public class HelloBean {
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    private String helloWord = "Hello!World!";
 
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context) {
        this.applicationContext = context;
    }
 
    public void setHelloWord(String helloWord) {
        this.helloWord = helloWord;
    }
 
    public String getHelloWord() {
        applicationContext.publishEvent(new PropertyGettedEvent("[" + helloWord + "] is getted"));
        return helloWord;
    }
}

 注意这次我们并没有实例ApplicationContextAware,我们在程序中可以自行注入ApplicationContext实例:
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
     
HelloBean hello = (HelloBean) context.getBean("helloBean");
hello.setApplicationContext(context);
System.out.println(hello.getHelloWord());

 就Bean而言,降低了对Spring的依赖,可以比较容易从现有的框架中脱离。

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