Install Ruby on rails on Ubuntu 14.04 LST

安装rails历经两天，看了网上许多教程，最后以该博客为准尝试安装终于成功。安装过程中有某些地方不一致，但大体相同。在本文最后部分将会介绍安装过程中遇到的一些问题与解决办法。

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安装过程

1. Install Git and Curl

Git:是一个简单，快速，高效的版本控制系统。（对于安装ruby on rails 环境没有关系，只是为了在以后的开发过程中进行版本控制的时候使用。）

Curl:是一个根据web协议获取文件的简单命令行工具。

1 sudo apt-get install git
2 sudo apt-get install curl

2. Install RVM and Dependencies
根据查阅网上资料，安装RVM可以更加方便有效的对ruby进行版本管理等

1 curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

load the RVM

1 source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm

然后我们继续安装其他一些额外的依赖软件包，如sqlite3,它是默认的数据库等。

1 sudo apt-get -y install build-essential openssl libreadline6 libreadline6-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-0 libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt-dev autoconf libc6-dev ncurses-dev automake libtool bison subversion

3. Installing Javascript Runtime

1 sudo apt-add-repository ppa:chris-lea/node.js
2 sudo apt-get update
3 sudo apt-get install nodejs

4. Install Ruby

1 rvm install 2.0.0
2 rvm use 2.0.0 –default // 选择你想使用的版本

一般有些人在执行第二个命令是会报错

RVM is not a function, selecting rubies with ‘rvm use …’ will not work.
You need to change your terminal emulator preferences to allow login shell. Sometimes it is required to use /bin/bash --login as the command.
Please visit https://rvm.io/integration/gnome-terminal/ for a example.

根据问题提示，执行下面的命令解决该问题

1 /bin/bash –login

5. Install Rails

1 gem install rails

6. Check on your version

1 ruby -v
ruby 2.0.0p643 (2015-02-25 revision 49749) [x86_64-linux]
2 rails -v
Rails 4.2.4

7. Test
即使在第六步中你能正常显示安装版本，但是也并不一定代表你成功安装，通过新建一个工程，开启服务来检测是否真正成功。

gozky@gozky-Ideapad-Z460:~/ruby_test$ rails new blog //新建工程
create
create README.rdoc
create Rakefile
create config.ru
…..
create vendor/assets/javascripts/.keep
create vendor/assets/stylesheets
create vendor/assets/stylesheets/.keep
run bundle install
Fetching gem metadata from https://ruby.taobao.org/…………
Fetching version metadata from https://ruby.taobao.org/..
Resolving dependencies……….
Using rack-test 0.6.3
….

接着启动服务，记得要进入你新建的工程文件中

gozky@gozky-Ideapad-Z460:~/ruby_test/blog$ rails server
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 4.2.4 application starting in development on http://localhost:3000
=> Run rails server -h for more startup options
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
[2015-09-25 10:55:44] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2015-09-25 10:55:44] INFO ruby 2.0.0 (2015-02-25) [x86_64-linux]
[2015-09-25 10:55:44] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=5155 port=3000

Started GET “/” for 127.0.0.1 at 2015-09-25 11:00:38 +0800
Processing by Rails::WelcomeController#index as HTML
Rendered /home/gozky/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p643/gems/railties-4.2.4/lib/rails/templates/rails/welcome/index.html.erb (1.5ms)
Completed 200 OK in 18ms (Views: 7.7ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms)

Q&A

Error1: 出现类似于“Installing ri documentation for rails-3.2.3… file ‘lib’ not found”的错误，执行下面的命令就可以了：

gem install rdoc

Error2: 出现类似某些路径下的文件不被允许写，没有权限，可以在安装命令前加上sudo

Error3: 出现下面错误

Fetching gem metadata from RubyGems.org…….
Fetching version metadata from RubyGems.org…
Fetching dependency metadata from RubyGems.org..
Gem::RemoteFetcher::FetchError: Errno::ETIMEDOUT: Connection timed out - connect(2) (https://rubygems.org/gems/rake-10.1.0.gem)
An error occurred while installing rake (10.1.0), and Bundler cannot continue

是由于被墙的缘故，或者你可以翻墙，或者你也可以修改源地址

gem sources –remove https://rubygems.org/
gem sources -a https://ruby.taobao.org/

如果在new一个新工程还出错，继续尝试下面的命令

bundle config mirror.https://rubygems.org https://ruby.taobao.org

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