Python文档生成工具pydoc

在Python中有很多很好的工具来生成字符串文档(docstring)，比如说: epydoc、doxygen、sphinx，但始终觉得pydoc还是不错的工具，用法非常简单，功能也算不错，本文主要介绍pydoc.

pydoc是Python自带的模块，主要用于从python模块中自动生成文档，这些文档可以基于文本呈现的、也可以生成WEB 页面的，还可以在服务器上以浏览器的方式呈现！

【用法】

Windows下:

D:\>python -m pydoc <modulename>   # 比如说: python -m pydoc math  

-m参数:Python以脚本的方法运行模块

Linux/Unix下:

$ pydoc <modulename>               # 比如说: pydoc 

【帮助】

$ pydoc -hpydoc - the Python documentation toolpydoc <name> ...    Show text documentation on something.  <name> <span id="8_nwp" style="padding: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a target=_blank id="8_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=47&ch=0&di=128&fv=19&is_app=0&jk=6b0eca499105b816&k=may&k0=may&kdi0=0&luki=2&n=10&p=baidu&q=65035100_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=16b8059149ca0e6b&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1836545&tu=u1836545&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ebubuko%2Ecom%2Finfodetail%2D650630%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="8" style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;"><span style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); width: auto; height: auto;">may</span></a></span> be the name of a    Python keyword, <span id="9_nwp" style="padding: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a target=_blank id="9_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=47&ch=0&di=128&fv=19&is_app=0&jk=6b0eca499105b816&k=topic&k0=topic&kdi0=0&luki=1&n=10&p=baidu&q=65035100_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=16b8059149ca0e6b&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1836545&tu=u1836545&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ebubuko%2Ecom%2Finfodetail%2D650630%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="9" style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;"><span style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); width: auto; height: auto;">topic</span></a></span>, function, module, or package, or a dotted    reference to a class or function within a module or module in a    package.  If <name> contains a '/', it is used as the path to a    Python source file to document. If name is 'keywords', 'topics',    or 'modules', a listing of these things is displayed.pydoc -k <keyword>    Search for a keyword in the synopsis lines of all available modules.pydoc -p <port>    Start an HTTP <span id="10_nwp" style="padding: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a target=_blank id="10_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=47&ch=0&di=128&fv=19&is_app=0&jk=6b0eca499105b816&k=server&k0=server&kdi0=0&luki=5&n=10&p=baidu&q=65035100_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=16b8059149ca0e6b&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1836545&tu=u1836545&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ebubuko%2Ecom%2Finfodetail%2D650630%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="10" style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;"><span style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); width: auto; height: auto;">server</span></a></span> on the given port on the local <span id="11_nwp" style="padding: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a target=_blank id="11_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=47&ch=0&di=128&fv=19&is_app=0&jk=6b0eca499105b816&k=machine&k0=machine&kdi0=0&luki=7&n=10&p=baidu&q=65035100_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=16b8059149ca0e6b&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1836545&tu=u1836545&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ebubuko%2Ecom%2Finfodetail%2D650630%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="11" style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;"><span style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); width: auto; height: auto;">machine</span></a></span>.pydoc -w <name> ...    Write out the HTML documentation for a module to a file in the current    directory.  If <name> contains a '/', it is treated as a filename; if    it names a directory, documentation is written for all the contents.

【参数 -p】在本地机器上，按照给定的端口启动HTTP，

D:\>python -m pydoc -p 1234 #比如说: 端口为1234

pydoc server ready at http://localhost:1234/

pydoc server stopped

在IE中输入:http://localhost:1234/，效果如图:

【参数 -k】在所有可用的模块中按关键字搜索

$ pydoc -k <span id="6_nwp" style="padding: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a target=_blank id="6_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=47&ch=0&di=128&fv=19&is_app=0&jk=6b0eca499105b816&k=xml&k0=xml&kdi0=0&luki=9&n=10&p=baidu&q=65035100_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=16b8059149ca0e6b&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1836545&tu=u1836545&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ebubuko%2Ecom%2Finfodetail%2D650630%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="6" style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;"><span style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); width: auto; height: auto;">xml</span></a></span>.saxxml.sax (package) - Simple API for XML (SAX) implementation for Python.xml.sax._exceptions - Different kinds of SAX Exceptionsxml.sax.expatreader - SAX driver for the pyexpat C module.  This driver works withxml.sax.handler - This module contains the core classes of version  2.0 of SAX for Python.xml.sax.saxutils - A library of useful helper classes to the SAX classes, for thexml.sax.<span id="7_nwp" style="padding: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a target=_blank id="7_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=47&ch=0&di=128&fv=19&is_app=0&jk=6b0eca499105b816&k=xml&k0=xml&kdi0=0&luki=9&n=10&p=baidu&q=65035100_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=16b8059149ca0e6b&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1836545&tu=u1836545&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ebubuko%2Ecom%2Finfodetail%2D650630%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="7" style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;"><span style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); width: auto; height: auto;">xml</span></a></span>reader - An XML Reader is the SAX 2 name for an XML parser. XML Parsers

【参数 -w】将指定模块的文本字符串生成HTML格式

比如说，在Window下面，执行下面命令:

D:\Learn\Python>python -m pydoc math -w math.html  # math是模块名，-w:写

那么在D:\Learn\Python目录下会生成math.html文件，显示如下:

因为是自带的模块，所以右上角显示(built-in)字样

【例子】自写的模块my_doc.py

'''Showoff features of Pydoc moduleThis is easy module to demonstrate docstrings'''__authors__  = 'Alice & Fred'__version__  = 'version 1.10'__license__  = 'Copyright...'class MyClass:    '''    Demonstrate Class Docstrings        '''    def __init__(self, spam=1, eggs=2):        '''        Set the default attributevalues <span id="5_nwp" style="padding: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a target=_blank id="5_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=47&ch=0&di=128&fv=19&is_app=0&jk=6b0eca499105b816&k=only&k0=only&kdi0=0&luki=6&n=10&p=baidu&q=65035100_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=16b8059149ca0e6b&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1836545&tu=u1836545&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ebubuko%2Ecom%2Finfodetail%2D650630%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="5" style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;"><span style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); width: auto; height: auto;">only</span></a></span>        Keyword arguments:        spam - a processed meat product        eggs - a fine breakfast for lumberjacks        '''        self.spam = spam        self.eggs = eggsdef square(x):    '''    Square of the param <x>    '''    return x * x

执行命令:

D:\Learn\Python> <span id="4_nwp" style="padding: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a target=_blank id="4_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=47&ch=0&di=128&fv=19&is_app=0&jk=6b0eca499105b816&k=python&k0=python&kdi0=0&luki=10&n=10&p=baidu&q=65035100_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=16b8059149ca0e6b&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1836545&tu=u1836545&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ebubuko%2Ecom%2Finfodetail%2D650630%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="4" style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;"><span style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); width: auto; height: auto;">python</span></a></span> -m pydoc my_doc

执行结果:

Help on module my_doc:NAME    my_docFILE    d:\learn\<span id="2_nwp" style="padding: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a target=_blank id="2_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=47&ch=0&di=128&fv=19&is_app=0&jk=6b0eca499105b816&k=python&k0=python&kdi0=0&luki=10&n=10&p=baidu&q=65035100_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=16b8059149ca0e6b&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1836545&tu=u1836545&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ebubuko%2Ecom%2Finfodetail%2D650630%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="2" style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;"><span style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); width: auto; height: auto;">python</span></a></span>\my_doc.pyDESCRIPTION    Showoff features of Pydoc module    This is easy module to demonstrate docstringsCLASSES    MyClass    class MyClass     |  Demonstrate Class Docstrings     |     |  Methods defined here:     |     |  __init__(self, spam=1, eggs=2)     |      Set the default attributevalues <span id="3_nwp" style="padding: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a target=_blank id="3_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?adclass=0&app_id=0&c=news&cf=47&ch=0&di=128&fv=19&is_app=0&jk=6b0eca499105b816&k=only&k0=only&kdi0=0&luki=6&n=10&p=baidu&q=65035100_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=16b8059149ca0e6b&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&td=1836545&tu=u1836545&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ebubuko%2Ecom%2Finfodetail%2D650630%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="3" style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;"><span style="padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); width: auto; height: auto;">only</span></a></span>     |      Keyword arguments:     |      spam - a processed meat product     |      eggs - a fine breakfast for lumberjacksFUNCTIONS    square(x)        Square of the param <x>DATA    __authors__ = 'Alice & Fred'    __license__ = 'Copyright...'    __version__ = 'version 1.10'VERSION    version 1.10

执行命令:

d:\Learn\Python>python -m pydoc -w my_doc my_doc.htmlwrote my_doc.htmlno Python documentation found for 'my_doc.html'

执行结果:

官方文档:

https://docs.python.org/2/library/pydoc.html