android 手机与单片机之间的蓝牙通信

刚好碰到这蓝牙通信方面的项目，上网也看过其他人在蓝牙这方面写的博客，但大多都不全，给一些初触蓝牙的开发者造成一定的麻烦，自己当初也费了不少劲。所以把自己参考网上的一些资料用Android studio写的代码完全放出来，分享一下。菜鸟初写博客，若有不恰之处，请指出，必改正。下面我会把自己的思路和代码一一呈现。（PS：由于后期做了些逻辑操作，代码可能有点臃肿，请勿怪。还好完整的代码是会有的，里面有多出来的一两个类没有用的，但懒得重新打包了）

第一篇博客写完，感觉好菜。资源下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/u013168302/9146907

1.添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>

2.成员变量跟onCreate()方法，为了方便阅读，把这些摆出来

public class PipelineActivity extends Activity {    public static BluetoothSocket btSocket;    private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;    private ArrayAdapter<String> deviceAdapter;    private List<String> listDevices;    private ListView listView;    private LinearLayout btContent;    private TextView btAllData;    private Button openBT;    private Button searchBT;    final private static int MESSAGE_READ = 100;    int i = 0;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.pipeline);        listView = (ListView) this.findViewById(R.id.list);        btContent = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.bt_content_llt);        btAllData = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.all_data);        btAllData.setText(btAllData.getText(), TextView.BufferType.EDITABLE);//这行可实现TextView尾部追加http://blog.csdn.net/u013168302/article/details/48785927        openBT = (Button) findViewById(R.id.open_btn);        searchBT = (Button) findViewById(R.id.search_btn);        listDevices = new ArrayList<String>();        bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();        if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {            openBT.setText("关闭蓝牙");        }        deviceAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(getApplicationContext(), R.layout.list_item, listDevices);        openBT.setOnClickListener(new BTListener());        searchBT.setOnClickListener(new BTListener());        listView.setAdapter(deviceAdapter);        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new ItemClickListener());//添加监听    }

3.注册广播（因为下面搜索时要用到，所以现在前面注册）

private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {            String action = intent.getAction();                        //下面几行是为了在logcat里面看到搜索到的设备细节，需要的话，可以将注释打开//            Bundle b = intent.getExtras();//            Object[] lstName = b.keySet().toArray();//            // 显示所有收到的消息及其细节//            for (int i = 0; i < lstName.length; i++) {//                String keyName = lstName[i].toString();//                Log.e("-----" + keyName, String.valueOf(b.get(keyName)));//            }                        //搜索设备时，取得设备的MAC地址            if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {                BluetoothDevice device = intent                        .getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);                String str = device.getName() + "|" + device.getAddress();                if (listDevices.indexOf(str) == -1)// 防止重复添加                    listDevices.add(str); // 获取设备名称和mac地址                if (deviceAdapter != null) {                    deviceAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();                }            }        }    };

4.点击开启蓝牙，搜索蓝牙设备。 将搜索到设备名称和mac地址通过BroadcastReceiver保存到list集合，再在listview中展示

/**     * 蓝牙开启与搜索按钮点击监听     */    class BTListener implements View.OnClickListener {        @Override        public void onClick(View view) {            if (view.getId() == R.id.open_btn) {                if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {                    bluetoothAdapter.enable();//开启蓝牙                    Intent enable = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);                    enable.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300); //300秒为蓝牙设备可见时间                    startActivity(enable);                    openBT.setText("关闭蓝牙");                } else {                    bluetoothAdapter.disable();//关闭蓝牙                    openBT.setText("开启蓝牙");                    if (btSocket != null) {                        try {                            btSocket.close();                        } catch (IOException e) {                            e.printStackTrace();                        }                    }                }            } else if (view.getId() == R.id.search_btn) {                if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "请先开启蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                } else {                    btContent.setVisibility(View.GONE);                    listView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);                    if (listDevices != null) {                        listDevices.clear();                        if (deviceAdapter != null) {                            deviceAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();                        }                    }                    bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();                    IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);                    registerReceiver(receiver, filter);                }            }        }    }

5.点击listview的item,通过反射连接设备。连接设备之前需要UUID来配对。查看网上的例子和自己的一些实践发现，通过UUID会出现一些问题，当然也有可能只是我自己的代码有问题。所以在此采取反射来获取蓝牙socket对象。

/**     * 蓝牙选项，listview列表点击监听     */    class ItemClickListener implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener {        @Override        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position, long l) {            if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "请先开启蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            } else {                bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();//停止搜索                String str = listDevices.get(position);                String macAdress = str.split("\\|")[1];                BluetoothDevice device = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(macAdress);                try {                    Method clientMethod = device.getClass()                            .getMethod("createRfcommSocket", new Class[]{int.class});                    btSocket = (BluetoothSocket) clientMethod.invoke(device, 1);                    connect(btSocket);//连接设备                } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }    }

6.连接蓝牙设备，并开辟子线程通信

在这里值得注意while里面的2行代码。这2行代码花了不少功夫才弄到的

（1）if(inputStream.available() >0==false)

（2）Thread.sleep(400);//等待0.4秒，作用：让数据接收完整

这2行用于处理inputStream读取数据不完整或混乱的问题，但感觉还是不够好。若谁有更好的方法，欢迎提出。

另外inputStream在这里是关不掉的，因为这是蓝牙通信，单片机每产生的数据都要传输到手机端。试过多次：一旦断开inputstream,while循环结束，单片机再次产生的数据无法传送。不知道我有没有弄错，欢迎指出。

 /**     * 连接蓝牙及获取数据     */    public void connect(final BluetoothSocket btSocket) {        try {            btSocket.connect();//连接            if (btSocket.isConnected()) {                Log.e("----connect--- :", "连接成功");                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "蓝牙连接成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                listView.setVisibility(View.GONE);                btContent.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);                new ConnetThread().start();//通信            } else {                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "蓝牙连接失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                btSocket.close();                listView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);                btContent.setVisibility(View.GONE);                Log.e("--------- :", "连接关闭");            }        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    /**     * 蓝牙通信管理     */    private class ConnetThread extends Thread {        public void run() {            try {                InputStream inputStream = btSocket.getInputStream();                byte[] data = new byte[1024];                int len = 0;                String result = "";                while (len != -1) {                    if (inputStream.available() > 0 == false) {//inputStream接收的数据是一段段的，如果不先                        continue;                    } else {                        try {                            Thread.sleep(500);//等待0.5秒，让数据接收完整                            len = inputStream.read(data);                            result = URLDecoder.decode(new String(data, "utf-8"));//                          Log.e("----result：----- :", ">>>" + result);                            Message msg = new Message();                            msg.what = MESSAGE_READ;                            msg.obj = result;                            handler.sendMessage(msg);                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {                            e.printStackTrace();                        }                    }                }                inputStream.close();//关不了，也好像不能关                Log.e("--------- :", "关闭inputStream");                if (btSocket != null) {                    btSocket.close();                }            } catch (IOException e) {                Log.e("TAG", e.toString());            }        }    }

7.用Handler处理Message

private Handler handler = new Handler() {        @Override        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {            switch (msg.what) {                case MESSAGE_READ:                    String result = (String) msg.obj;                    String data = result.split("\\r\\n")[0];                    Log.e("----data：----- :", ">>>" + data);                    if (i < 6) {                        Editable text = (Editable) btAllData.getText();                        text.append(data);                        btAllData.setText(text + "\r\n");                        i++;                    } else {                        btAllData.setText(data + "\r\n");                        i = 0;                    }                    break;            }        }    };    @Override    protected void onDestroy() {        unregisterReceiver(receiver);        super.onDestroy();    }

8.1布局文件（尚未优化）

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:background="#000000"    android:orientation="vertical"    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    tools:context=".MainActivity">    <TextView        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="60dp"        android:background="#000000"        android:gravity="center"        android:paddingLeft="20dp"        android:text="@string/pipeline"        android:textColor="#ffffff"        android:textSize="20sp" />    <LinearLayout        android:visibility="gone"        android:id="@+id/bt_content_llt"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="1dp"        android:layout_weight="1"        android:background="#ffffff"        android:orientation="vertical">        <LinearLayout style="@style/bt_llt_style"            android:layout_weight="3">            <TextView                style="@style/btTV_style"                android:gravity="left"                android:layout_weight="1"                android:paddingTop="20dp"                android:text="@string/all_data" />            <TextView                android:id="@+id/all_data"                style="@style/btTV_style"                android:gravity="left"                android:paddingLeft="2dp"                android:paddingTop="20dp"                android:textSize="16sp"                android:layout_weight="2" />        </LinearLayout>    </LinearLayout>    <ListView        android:id="@+id/list"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="1dp"        android:layout_weight="1"        android:background="#f0f0f0"        android:divider="#c0c0c0"        android:dividerHeight="1dp" />    <LinearLayout        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="40dp"        android:layout_gravity="center"        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"        android:orientation="horizontal">        <Button            android:id="@+id/open_btn"            style="@style/bt_button_style"            android:text="@string/open_bluetooth" />        <Button            android:id="@+id/search_btn"            style="@style/bt_button_style"            android:text="@string/search_bluetooth" />    </LinearLayout></LinearLayout>

8.2 item布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:id="@+id/device_name_tv"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="50dp"    android:paddingLeft="15dp"    android:gravity="center|left"    android:textColor="#000000"    android:background="@drawable/list_item_selector"    android:textSize="18sp"></TextView>

8.3 资源文件strings.xml

<resources>    <string name="app_name">bluetooth</string>    <string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>    <string name="action_settings">Settings</string>      <string name="pipeline">管道检测仪</string>    <string name="open_bluetooth">开启蓝牙</string>    <string name="close_bluetooth">关闭蓝牙</string>    <string name="search_bluetooth">搜索蓝牙</string>    <string name="all_data">全部数据:</string>    <color name="item_default">#F0F0F0</color>    <color name="item_press">#A5D8F5</color></resources>

8.4 style

<resources>    <!-- Base application theme. -->    <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">        <!-- Customize your theme here. -->    </style>    <style name="btTV_style">        <item name="android:background">#ffffff</item>        <item name="android:gravity">left|center</item>        <item name="android:paddingLeft">10dp</item>        <item name="android:paddingRight">10dp</item>        <item name="android:textSize">20sp</item>        <item name="android:layout_width">1dp</item>        <item name="android:layout_height">match_parent</item>    </style>    <style name="bt_llt_style">        <item name="android:layout_width">match_parent</item>        <item name="android:layout_height">1dp</item>        <item name="android:layout_weight">1</item>        <item name="android:orientation">horizontal</item>    </style>    <style name="bt_button_style">        <item name="android:layout_width">1dp</item>        <item name="android:layout_height">match_parent</item>        <item name="android:layout_marginLeft">20dp</item>        <item name="android:layout_marginRight">20dp</item>        <item name="android:layout_weight">1</item>        <item name="android:background">#5CB85C</item>    </style></resources>

8.5  listview的item选择器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">    <!-- 选中 -->    <item android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@color/item_press" />    <!-- 默认 -->    <item android:drawable="@color/item_default"/></selector>