oracle 12c 安装
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下载地址：
http://www.oracle.com/cn/products/database/enterprise-edition/overview/index.html#ct02-Download
下面是以手动方式去做好了预安装配置，下面分享下。
1、安装OEL 6.4
安装步骤略，安装后系统情况如下：
[root@khm00 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)内存分配情况：[root@12c ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfoMemTotal: 3515540 kBSwap空间大小，Swap空间我设小了，后面在校验的时候会出现提示。[root@12c ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfoSwapTotal: 3063804 kBtmp临时目录大小：[root@12c ~]# df -h /tmpFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/vg_12c-lv_root 50G 4.9G 42G 11% /磁盘分配信息：[root@12c ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/vg_12c-lv_root 50G 5.1G 42G 11% /tmpfs 1.7G 260K 1.7G 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 485M 55M 405M 12% /boot/dev/mapper/vg_12c-lv_home 6.5G 143M 6.1G 3% /home/dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/OL6.4 x86_64 Disc 1 20130225/dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /mnt[root@12c ~]# uname -mx86_64
2、下载上传介质
从官方网站下载Oracle12c安装介质，并上传到刚刚安装好的OEL 6.4服务器上。
介质如下：
linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip
linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip
另外还上传一个rlwrap-0.37-1.el6.x86_64.rpm，并安装：
[root@12c ~]# rpm -ivh /install/rlwrap-0.37-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
3、配置/etc/hosts
修改/etc/hosts文件，前两行不懂，添加hostname对应信息。
[root@12c ~]# cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.1.35 12c.luocs.com 12c
4、系统配置
修改/etc/sysctl.conf，添加如下内容：
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
生效：
sysctl -p
修改/etc/security/limits.conf，添加如下内容：
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
5、配置YUM源并安装所需包
先将默认的yum配置文件删除或者移动，然后创建一个新的
[root@12c ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d[root@12c yum.repos.d]# mkdir bk[root@12c yum.repos.d]# mv public-yum-ol6.repo bk/[root@12c yum.repos.d]# vi luocs.repo -- 添加如下内容[Oracle]name=OEL-$releasever - Mediabaseurl=file:///mntgpgcheck=0enabled=1将光驱挂载上[root@12c yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/cdrom /mntmount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only下面就可以Yum方式安装所需包了[root@12c yum.repos.d]# yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh
下面给出官方文档中Linux 6所需要具备的包：
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libXext-1.1 (x86_64)
libXext-1.1 (i686)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (i686)
libX11-1.3 (x86_64)
libX11-1.3 (i686)
libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)
libXau-1.0.5 (i686)
libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)
libxcb-1.5 (i686)
libXi-1.3 (x86_64)
libXi-1.3 (i686)
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
加上UnixODBC Driver Manager：
unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6 (64-bit) or later
unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6 (64-bit) or later
6、创建用户和组
创建组：[root@12c ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall[root@12c ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba[root@12c ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper[root@12c ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba[root@12c ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba创建用户：[root@12c ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,backupdba,dgdba oracle[root@12c ~]# passwd oracle
7、确定防火墙和SELinux是禁用的
[root@12c ~]# iptables -LChain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)target prot opt source destination 如果防火墙没禁用，那么通过如下方式修改：[root@12c ~]# service iptables stop[root@12c ~]# chkconfig iptables off[root@12c ~]# getenforce Disabled如果SELinux没有被禁止，那就通过如下方式修改：[root@12c ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config -- 改成SELINUX=disabled# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.SELINUX=disabled# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,# mls - Multi Level Security protection.SELINUXTYPE=targeted
8、创建安装目录以及授权
[root@12c ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1[root@12c ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01[root@12c ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01
9、配置oracle环境变量
[oracle@12c ~]$ vi .bash_profile export PATHexport TMP=/tmpexport TMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=12c.luocs.comexport ORACLE_UNQNAME=luocs12cexport ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1export ORACLE_SID=luocs12cexport PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATHexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexport CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlibalias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"alias rman="rlwrap rman"
10、解压介质
[root@12c ~]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /install/[root@12c ~]# su - oracle[oracle@12c ~]$ cd /install/[oracle@12c install]$ unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip [oracle@12c install]$ unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip 解压之后大小为：[oracle@12c install]$ du -sh database/2.6G database/
11、安装
[oracle@12c database]$ pwd/install/database我打开Xmanager - Passive，设置DISPLAY，调用runInstaller启动OUI[oracle@12c database]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.1:0.0[oracle@12c database]$ ./runInstaller
我首次安装选择了第一项，安装完软件之后接着创建输数据库
注意，Global database name不能以数字开头，需要设置高强度密码，大小写+数字
这里校验的时候提示Swap空间大小不够大，忽略也可完成
[root@12c ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.[root@12c ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.shPerforming root user operation for Oracle 12c The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Creating /etc/oratab file...Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabase Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
等软件安装完毕之后紧接着创建数据库
12、最后
查看进程，发现进程多了很多，新增进程以后慢慢去了解
[oracle@12c ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_oracle 6623 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_luocs12coracle 6625 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_luocs12coracle 6627 1 2 22:21 ? 00:00:14 ora_vktm_luocs12coracle 6631 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_luocs12coracle 6633 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_luocs12coracle 6637 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_luocs12coracle 6639 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_luocs12coracle 6641 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_luocs12coracle 6643 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:01 ora_dbw0_luocs12coracle 6645 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_luocs12coracle 6647 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:01 ora_ckpt_luocs12coracle 6649 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:01 ora_lg00_luocs12coracle 6651 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_lg01_luocs12coracle 6653 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_luocs12coracle 6655 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_luocs12coracle 6657 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_lreg_luocs12coracle 6659 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:02 ora_mmon_luocs12coracle 6661 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:01 ora_mmnl_luocs12coracle 6663 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_luocs12coracle 6665 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_luocs12coracle 6677 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_tmon_luocs12coracle 6679 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_tt00_luocs12coracle 6681 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_smco_luocs12coracle 6683 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:00 ora_aqpc_luocs12coracle 6687 1 1 22:21 ? 00:00:12 ora_p000_luocs12coracle 6689 1 2 22:21 ? 00:00:15 ora_p001_luocs12coracle 6691 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:01 ora_p002_luocs12coracle 6693 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:01 ora_p003_luocs12coracle 6695 1 0 22:21 ? 00:00:03 ora_p004_luocs12coracle 6697 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:01 ora_p005_luocs12coracle 6699 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p006_luocs12coracle 6701 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p007_luocs12coracle 6703 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p008_luocs12coracle 6705 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p009_luocs12coracle 6707 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00a_luocs12coracle 6709 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00b_luocs12coracle 6711 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00c_luocs12coracle 6713 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00d_luocs12coracle 6715 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00e_luocs12coracle 6717 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00f_luocs12coracle 6719 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:01 ora_w000_luocs12coracle 6749 1 1 22:22 ? 00:00:09 ora_cjq0_luocs12coracle 6754 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00g_luocs12coracle 6756 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00h_luocs12coracle 6758 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_qm02_luocs12coracle 6762 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:01 ora_q002_luocs12coracle 6764 1 0 22:22 ? 00:00:00 ora_q003_luocs12coracle 6788 1 0 22:23 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00i_luocs12coracle 6790 1 0 22:23 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00j_luocs12coracle 6792 1 0 22:23 ? 00:00:01 ora_w001_luocs12coracle 6855 1 0 22:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00k_luocs12coracle 6857 1 0 22:26 ? 00:00:00 ora_p00l_luocs12coracle 6888 1 0 22:30 ? 00:00:00 ora_w002_luocs12c
如下方式可以访问OEM Database Express 12c：
https://192.168.1.35:5500/em/login
SQL> COL PRODUCT FORMAT A40SQL> COL VERSION FORMAT A15SQL> COL STATUS FORMAT A15 SQL> SELECT * FROM PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION;PRODUCT VERSION STATUS---------------------------------------- --------------- ---------------NLSRTL 12.1.0.1.0 ProductionOracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition 12.1.0.1.0 64bit Productio nPL/SQL 12.1.0.1.0 ProductionTNS for Linux: 12.1.0.1.0 ProductionSQL> set line 150 pages 9999SQL> select * from v$version;BANNER CON_ID-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0CORE 12.1.0.1.0 Production 0TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0[oracle@12c ~]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2013 22:44:44Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date 26-JUN-2013 22:09:51Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 34 min. 53 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/12c/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=12c.luocs.com)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=12c.luocs.com)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/luocs12c/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))Services Summary...Service "luocs12c" has 1 instance(s). Instance "luocs12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "luocs12cXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "luocs12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "pdbluocs12c" has 1 instance(s). Instance "luocs12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfullyOracle 12C 新特性“可插拔数据库”功能体验 Oracle 12C加入了一个非常有新意的功能“可插拔数据库”特性，实现了数据库（PDB）在“容器”(CDB)上的拔功能，既能提高系统资源的利用率，也简化大面积数据库的管理和迁移工作。下面我们体验一下可插拔数据库的CDB和PDB的操作：基本信息：根容器（CDB）：CUP可插拔数据库（PDB）:TEA启动根容器：[oracle@eric ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=cup[oracle@eric ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Jan 21 16:00:06 2015Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startup -----不会直接启动所有可插拔数据库，如需启动所有可插拔数据库，执行命令：alter pluggable database all openORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 767557632 bytesFixed Size 2929112 bytesVariable Size 574623272 bytesDatabase Buffers 184549376 bytesRedo Buffers 5455872 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.停止根容器：SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.查看是否创建了CDB，如果有显示名字:SQL> select name,cdb from v$database;NAME CDB--------- ---CUP YESSQL> show parameter service;NAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------service_names string cup查看容器名字，其中有3个容器：根容器、种子容器和自己创建的容器:SQL> select con_id,name from v$containers; CON_ID NAME---------- ------------------------------ 1 CDB$ROOT ---根容器 2 PDB$SEED ---种子容器，只可读 3 TEA ---自己创建的可插拔数据库
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/app/oradata/CUP/datafile/o1_mf_system_bch07kvz_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/CUP/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bch020oo_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/CUP/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bch0d2on_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/CUP/datafile/o1_mf_users_bch0d15n_.dbf
SQL> select file_name from cdb_data_files;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/app/oradata/CUP/datafile/o1_mf_system_bch07kvz_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/CUP/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bch020oo_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/CUP/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bch0d2on_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/CUP/datafile/o1_mf_users_bch0d15n_.dbf
创建公共用户：
SQL> create user c##eric identified by gao;
User created.
SQL> conn c##eric/gao
ERROR:
ORA-01045: user C##ERIC lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied ----没有权限，我们可以单独给其赋予权限，也可以给其指定角色。
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> grant dba to c##eric container=all; ---给其DBA角色，角色范围覆盖所有的容器
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn c##eric/gao
Connected. ---连接成功
切换容器：
首先启动自己创建的容器数据库：
SQL> alter pluggable database tea open; ---首先启动PDB数据库
SQL> alter session set container = tea;
Session altered.
SQL> show con_name ---查看当前所在的容器名
CON_NAME
------------------------------
TEA
关闭可插拔数据库：
SQL> alter pluggable database tea close immediate;
Pluggable database altered.
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