oracle子查询

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SQL> --可以在where select from having后放置子查询SQL> --在select后面放置子查询SQL> select ename,sal,(select job from emp where empno=7839)  2  from emp;ENAME             SAL (SELECTJO                                                 ---------- ---------- ---------                                                 SMITH             800 PRESIDENT                                                 ALLEN            1600 PRESIDENT                                                 WARD             1250 PRESIDENT                                                 JONES            2975 PRESIDENT                                                 MARTIN           1250 PRESIDENT                                                 BLAKE            2850 PRESIDENT                                                 CLARK            2450 PRESIDENT                                                 SCOTT            3000 PRESIDENT                                                 KING             5000 PRESIDENT                                                 TURNER           1500 PRESIDENT                                                 ADAMS            1100 PRESIDENT                                                 ENAME             SAL (SELECTJO                                                 ---------- ---------- ---------                                                 JAMES             950 PRESIDENT                                                 FORD             3000 PRESIDENT                                                 MILLER           1300 PRESIDENT                                                 已选择14行。SQL> set pagesize=120SP2-0268: pagesize 选项的编号无效SQL> set pagesize 120SQL> --在from后面跟子查询SQL> --查询员工的名字,薪水SQL> select *  2  from (select ename,sal from emp);ENAME             SAL                                                           ---------- ----------                                                           SMITH             800                                                           ALLEN            1600                                                           WARD             1250                                                           JONES            2975                                                           MARTIN           1250                                                           BLAKE            2850                                                           CLARK            2450                                                           SCOTT            3000                                                           KING             5000                                                           TURNER           1500                                                           ADAMS            1100                                                           JAMES             950                                                           FORD             3000                                                           MILLER           1300                                                           已选择14行。SQL> --查询员工的名字,薪水,年薪SQL> select *  2  from (select ename,sal,sal*12 annlsal from emp);ENAME             SAL    ANNLSAL                                                ---------- ---------- ----------                                                SMITH             800       9600                                                ALLEN            1600      19200                                                WARD             1250      15000                                                JONES            2975      35700                                                MARTIN           1250      15000                                                BLAKE            2850      34200                                                CLARK            2450      29400                                                SCOTT            3000      36000                                                KING             5000      60000                                                TURNER           1500      18000                                                ADAMS            1100      13200                                                JAMES             950      11400                                                FORD             3000      36000                                                MILLER           1300      15600                                                已选择14行。SQL> --子查询和主查询使用的表可以是不一样的,但是只要保证子查询得到的结果能在主查询中使用SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where deptno=(select deptno  4           from dept  5          where dname='SALES');     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ----------     DEPTNO                                                                      ----------                                                                            7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81           1600        300         30                                                                            7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81           1250        500         30                                                                            7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81           1250       1400         30                                                                            7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81           2850                    30                                                                            7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81           1500          0         30                                                                            7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-12月-81            950                    30                                                                      已选择6行。SQL> set linesize 120;SQL> --其实上面的例子,也可以使用多表查询的等值连接SQL> select *  2  from emp e,dept d  3  where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.dname='SALES';     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO     DEPTNO DNAME             ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------    LOC                                                                                                                     -------------                                                                                                                 7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81           1250        500         30         30 SALES             CHICAGO                                                                                                                       7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81           1500          0         30         30 SALES             CHICAGO                                                                                                                       7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81           1600        300         30         30 SALES             CHICAGO                                                                                                                       7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-12月-81            950                    30         30 SALES             CHICAGO                                                                                                                       7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81           2850                    30         30 SALES             CHICAGO                                                                                                                       7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81           1250       1400         30         30 SALES             CHICAGO                                                                                                                 已选择6行。SQL> set linesize 150SQL> --在可以使用子查询和多表查询的例子中,我们理论上尽量使用多表查询SQL> --因为子查询查询两次,但是多表查询查询一次SQL> --单行子查询只能使用单行操作符,多行子查询只能使用多行操作符SQL> --单行子查询的返回结果是一条,多行子查询返回的结果是多条SQL> --多行子查询SQL> --查询部门名称是Sales和Accounting的员工SQL> select *  2  from emp e  3  where e.deptno in (select d.deptno  4             from dept d  5             where d.dname='SALES' or d.dname='ACCOUNTING');     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                            ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                  7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81           2450                    10                                                                  7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-11月-81           5000                    10                                                                  7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82           1300                    10                                                                  7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81           1250        500         30                                                                  7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81           1500          0         30                                                                  7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81           1600        300         30                                                                  7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-12月-81            950                    30                                                                  7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81           2850                    30                                                                  7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81           1250       1400         30                                                            已选择9行。SQL> --同样,也可以使用多表查询SQL> select *  2  from emp e,dept d  3  where e.deptno=d.deptno and (d.dname='SALES' or d.dname='ACCOUNTING');     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO     DEPTNO DNAME          LOC                              ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- -------------                          7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81           2450                    10         10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK                               7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-11月-81           5000                    10         10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK                               7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82           1300                    10         10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK                               7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81           1250        500         30         30 SALES          CHICAGO                                7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81           1500          0         30         30 SALES          CHICAGO                                7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81           1600        300         30         30 SALES          CHICAGO                                7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-12月-81            950                    30         30 SALES          CHICAGO                                7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81           2850                    30         30 SALES          CHICAGO                                7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81           1250       1400         30         30 SALES          CHICAGO                          已选择9行。SQL> --anySQL> --查询大于部门号为30中任意一个员工的员工信息SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where sal>  any (select sal  4             from emp  5             where deptno=30);     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                            ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                  7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-11月-81           5000                    10                                                                  7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81           3000                    20                                                                  7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87           3000                    20                                                                  7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81           2975                    20                                                                  7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81           2850                    30                                                                  7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81           2450                    10                                                                  7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81           1600        300         30                                                                  7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81           1500          0         30                                                                  7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82           1300                    10                                                                  7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81           1250        500         30                                                                  7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81           1250       1400         30                                                                  7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87           1100                    20                                                            已选择12行。SQL> --上面的例子说明,使用多行子查询的any,实质跟查询薪水大于部门号为30的最低薪水的员工信息SQL> --本来上面的where语句没有使用any关键字的话就会报错SQL> --下面我们来查询大于部门号为30的最低薪水的yuangongSQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where sal>(select min(sal)  4         from emp  5         where deptno=30);     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                            ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                  7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81           1600        300         30                                                                  7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81           1250        500         30                                                                  7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81           2975                    20                                                                  7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81           1250       1400         30                                                                  7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81           2850                    30                                                                  7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81           2450                    10                                                                  7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87           3000                    20                                                                  7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-11月-81           5000                    10                                                                  7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81           1500          0         30                                                                  7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87           1100                    20                                                                  7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81           3000                    20                                                                  7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82           1300                    10                                                            已选择12行。SQL> --跟上面例子的查询结果一样SQL> --allSQL> --查询大于部门号为30的所有薪水的员工信息SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3  where sal> all (select sal  4         from emp  5*        where deptno=30)SQL> /     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                            ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                  7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81           2975                    20                                                                  7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87           3000                    20                                                                  7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81           3000                    20                                                                  7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-11月-81           5000                    10                                                            SQL> --相当于:SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3  where sal>  (select max(sal)  4         from emp  5*        where deptno=30)SQL> /     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                            ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                  7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81           2975                    20                                                                  7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87           3000                    20                                                                  7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-11月-81           5000                    10                                                                  7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81           3000                    20                                                            SQL> --关于空值的问题,为什么可以在in里面使用空值,但是not in 里面使用空值会不返回结果SQL> --查询所有老板的信息SQL> select *  2  from emp  3  where empno in (select mgr from emp);     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                            ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                  7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81           2975                    20                                                                  7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81           2850                    30                                                                  7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-6月 -81           2450                    10                                                                  7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87           3000                    20                                                                  7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-11月-81           5000                    10                                                                  7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81           3000                    20                                                            已选择6行。SQL> --如果要查询不是老板的按照传统思维,应该直接在上面的例子中加一个NotSQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* where empno not in (select mgr from emp)SQL> /未选定行SQL> --然后返回结果就是未选定行SQL> --是因为里面有一个大老板  他的老板编号为nulSQL> --如果要想查询到结果,可以再增加一个条件SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  select *  2  from emp  3* where empno not in (select mgr from emp where mgr is not null)SQL> /     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO                                                            ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------                                                                  7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-12月-80            800                    20                                                                  7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81           1600        300         30                                                                  7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81           1250        500         30                                                                  7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81           1250       1400         30                                                                  7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81           1500          0         30                                                                  7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87           1100                    20                                                                  7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-12月-81            950                    30                                                                  7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-1月 -82           1300                    10                                                            已选择8行。SQL> --我们只需要保证里面没有空值就可以了、SQL> spool off
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