几个java的图片方法

之前学校有个图片处理研究性学习，正好学了java高级，自己找了些资料写了几个图像处理的方法，在这里分享给大家

1、获取指定路径的图片

/** * 读取指定路径的图片 *  * @param path *            图片路径 * @return 缓冲图片 */public static BufferedImage readPicture(String path) {try {// 使用Io流读取指定路径的图片将其存入图片流 抛出 FuleNotFoundException 以及IoExceptionBufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new FileInputStream(path));bImage = image;System.out.println("图片读取成功");} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {System.out.println("没有找到指定的图片");} catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(e.getMessage());}return bImage;}

2、读取网络图片

/** * 读取网络图片 *  * @param url *            地址 * @return 缓冲图片 */public static BufferedImage readWebImage(String url) {BufferedImage bf = null;HttpURLConnection conn;InputStream inStream = null;// 以流的方式获取网络数据try {URL u = new URL(url);conn = (HttpURLConnection) u.openConnection();// 设置请求方式为"GET"conn.setRequestMethod("GET");// 超时响应时间为5秒conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);// 通过输入流获取图片数据inStream = conn.getInputStream();bf = ImageIO.read(inStream);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;} finally {// 关闭输入流释放连接if (inStream != null) {try {inStream.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}conn = null;}return bf;}

3、使用BufferedImage创建一张图片

/** * 使用图片流创建一张图片 *  * @param bf *            图片流 * @param path *            路径 * @param name *            文件名 * @param format *            格式 */public static void creatPicture(BufferedImage bf, String path, String name,String format) {try {// 新建文件File file = new File(path + "/" + name + "." + format);// 通过图片io流将图片写入file文件ImageIO.write(bf, format, file);System.out.println("图片创建成功，保存在" + path + "/" + name + "目录下");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();System.out.println("创建失败");}}

4、获取色差，即颜色在直方图中的距离

/** * 获取两个颜色的距离 *  * @param r1 *            颜色1 * @param r2 *            颜色2 * @return 颜色距 */public static float getDistance(RGB r1, RGB r2) {// 结果float result = 0;// 使用空间两点间距离公式求解颜色距离result = (float) Math.sqrt(Math.pow(r1.getRed() - r2.getRed(), 2)+ Math.pow(r1.getGreen() - r2.getGreen(), 2)+ Math.pow(r1.getBlue() - r2.getBlue(), 2));return result;}

5、将一张彩色图片转换为灰度图

/** * 全灰度图转换 *  * @param path *            图片路径 * @param type *            0：hsv取亮度 1：RGB取平均值 2：移位算法 3。取红色 4。 取绿色 5.取蓝色 其他：RGB心理算法 * @param threshold *            误差 */public static BufferedImage changeToGray(BufferedImage pixes, int type,int threshold) {BufferedImage bi = pixes;if (pixes.getHeight() < 1) {return bi;} else {Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) bi.getGraphics();// i是纵坐标switch (type) {case 0:for (int i = 0; i < pixes.getHeight(); i++) {// j是横坐标for (int j = 0; j < pixes.getWidth(); j++) {// 获取颜色集合中一个颜色的int值RGB color = new RGB(pixes.getRGB(j, i));HSV hsv = color.toHSV();hsv.setSaturation(0);hsv.setHue(0);g2.setColor(new Color(color.toRGBInt()));if (getDistance(color, hsv.toRGB()) <= threshold) {g2.setColor(new Color(hsv.toRGB().toRGBInt()));}// System.out.println(g2.getColor());// 画一个像素g2.drawLine(j, i, j, i);}}break;case 1:for (int i = 0; i < pixes.getHeight(); i++) {// j是横坐标for (int j = 0; j < pixes.getWidth(); j++) {// 获取颜色集合中一个颜色的int值RGB color = new RGB(pixes.getRGB(j, i));int ave = (color.getBlue() + color.getRed() + color.getGreen()) / 3;g2.setColor(new Color(color.toRGBInt()));if (getDistance(color, new RGB(ave, ave, ave)) <= threshold) {g2.setColor(new Color(ave, ave, ave));}// System.out.println(g2.getColor());// 画一个像素g2.drawLine(j, i, j, i);}}break;case 2:for (int i = 0; i < pixes.getHeight(); i++) {// j是横坐标for (int j = 0; j < pixes.getWidth(); j++) {// 获取颜色集合中一个颜色的int值RGB color = new RGB(pixes.getRGB(j, i));int ave = (color.getBlue() * 28 + color.getRed() * 76 + color.getGreen() * 151) >> 8;g2.setColor(new Color(color.toRGBInt()));if (getDistance(color, new RGB(ave, ave, ave)) <= threshold) {g2.setColor(new Color(ave, ave, ave));}// System.out.println(g2.getColor());// 画一个像素g2.drawLine(j, i, j, i);}}break;case 3:for (int i = 0; i < pixes.getHeight(); i++) {// j是横坐标for (int j = 0; j < pixes.getWidth(); j++) {// 获取颜色集合中一个颜色的int值RGB color = new RGB(pixes.getRGB(j, i));g2.setColor(new Color(color.toRGBInt()));if (getDistance(color,new RGB(color.getRed(), color.getRed(), color.getRed())) <= threshold) {g2.setColor(new Color(color.getRed(), color.getRed(), color.getRed()));}// System.out.println(g2.getColor());// 画一个像素g2.drawLine(j, i, j, i);}}break;case 4:for (int i = 0; i < pixes.getHeight(); i++) {// j是横坐标for (int j = 0; j < pixes.getWidth(); j++) {// 获取颜色集合中一个颜色的int值RGB color = new RGB(pixes.getRGB(j, i));g2.setColor(new Color(color.toRGBInt()));if (getDistance(color,new RGB(color.getGreen(), color.getGreen(),color.getGreen())) <= threshold) {g2.setColor(new Color(color.getGreen(), color.getGreen(), color.getGreen()));}// System.out.println(g2.getColor());// 画一个像素g2.drawLine(j, i, j, i);}}break;case 5:for (int i = 0; i < pixes.getHeight(); i++) {// j是横坐标for (int j = 0; j < pixes.getWidth(); j++) {// 获取颜色集合中一个颜色的int值RGB color = new RGB(pixes.getRGB(j, i));g2.setColor(new Color(color.toRGBInt()));if (getDistance(color,new RGB(color.getBlue(), color.getBlue(), color.getBlue())) <= threshold) {g2.setColor(new Color(color.getBlue(), color.getBlue(), color.getBlue()));}// System.out.println(g2.getColor());// 画一个像素g2.drawLine(j, i, j, i);}}break;default:for (int i = 0; i < pixes.getHeight(); i++) {// j是横坐标for (int j = 0; j < pixes.getWidth(); j++) {// 获取颜色集合中一个颜色的int值RGB color = new RGB(pixes.getRGB(j, i));int gray = (color.getBlue() * 114 + color.getRed()* 299 + color.getGreen() * 587) / 1000;g2.setColor(new Color(color.toRGBInt()));if (getDistance(color, new RGB(gray, gray, gray)) <= threshold) {g2.setColor(new Color(gray, gray, gray));}// System.out.println(g2.getColor());// 画一个像素g2.drawLine(j, i, j, i);}}break;}return bi;}}

其中出现的RGB类是色彩的RGB格式，HSV是色彩的HSV格式

RGB.java

public class RGB {// 红色private int red;// 绿色private int green;// 蓝色private int blue;/** * 默认生成白色 */public RGB() {red = 255;green = 255;blue = 255;}/** * 用RGB值初始化一个颜色 *  * @param red *            红色值 0-255 * @param green *            绿色值 0-255 * @param blue *            蓝色值 0-255 */public RGB(int red, int green, int blue) {if (red < 256 && green >= 0 && green < 256 && green >= 0 && blue < 256&& blue >= 0) {this.red = red;this.green = green;this.blue = blue;} else {this.red = 0;this.green = 0;this.blue = 0;}}/** * 使用32位整型值初始化一个颜色 *  * @param color *            例如 0xffffff -1 */public RGB(int color) {// Color类 可以使用整形值初始化一个类，由于Color c = new Color(color);red = c.getRed();green = c.getGreen();blue = c.getBlue();}public int getRed() {return red;}public void setRed(int red) {this.red = red;}public int getGreen() {return green;}public void setGreen(int green) {this.green = green;}public int getBlue() {return blue;}public void setBlue(int blue) {this.blue = blue;}/** * 转换为32位整型值 用于初始化一个Color对象 *  * @return 32位整型 */public int toRGBInt() {int rgb = 0xff000000 | (red << 16) | green << 8 | blue;return rgb;}public float getDistance(RGB rgb) {return (float) Math.sqrt(Math.pow(this.getRed() - rgb.getRed(), 2)+ Math.pow(this.getGreen() - rgb.getGreen(), 2)+ Math.pow(this.getBlue() - rgb.getBlue(), 2));}/** * RGB转HSV算法 *  * @return */public HSV toHSV() {int hue = 0;// 色调int saturation = 0;// 饱和度int value = 0;// 亮度int max = Math.max(Math.max(red, blue), green);int min = Math.min(Math.min(red, blue), green);// 色调的计算if (max == min) {hue = 0;} else {if (max == red && green >= blue) {hue = (int) ((green - blue) / (float) (max - min) * 60);} else if (max == red && green < blue) {hue = (int) ((green - blue) / (float) (max - min) * 60 + 360);} else if (max == green) {hue = (int) ((blue - red) / (float) (max - min) * 60 + 120);} else if (max == blue) {hue = (int) ((red - green) / (float) (max - min) * 60 + 240);}}value = max;// 亮度的值为颜色最大值if (max == 0) {saturation = 0;} else {saturation = (int) ((float) (max - min) / max * 100);// 饱和度计算}return new HSV(hue, saturation, value);}public String toString() {return "[" + red + "," + green + "," + blue + "]";}

HSV.java

public class HSV {int hue;// 色调0-360int saturation;// 饱和度0-100int value;// 亮度0-255public HSV() {this.hue = 0;this.saturation = 0;this.value = 0;}/** * 使用参数初始化HSV信息 * @param hue 色调 * @param saturation 饱和度 * @param value 亮度 */public HSV(int hue, int saturation, int value) {if (hue <= 360 && saturation >= 0 && saturation <= 100&& value >= 0 && value <= 255) {this.hue = hue;this.saturation = saturation;this.value = value;} else {this.hue = 0;this.saturation = 0;this.value = 0;}}public int getHue() {return hue;}public void setHue(int hue) {this.hue = hue;}public int getSaturation() {return saturation;}public void setSaturation(int saturation) {this.saturation = saturation;}public int getValue() {return value;}public void setValue(int value) {this.value = value;}public String toString(){return "["+hue+","+saturation+","+value+"]";}/** * HSV转RGB算法 * @return */public RGB toRGB() {int red = 0;int green = 0;int blue = 0;float a, b, c, h;//if (saturation == 0) {red = value;green = value;blue = value;} else {h = hue / (float) 60;int i = hue / 60;a = (float) (value * (100 - saturation)/100.0);b = (float) (value * (100 - saturation * (h-i))/100.0);c = (float) (value * (100 - saturation* (1 - h+i))/100.0);switch (i) {case 0:red=value;green=Math.round(c);blue=Math.round(a);break;case 1:red=Math.round(b);green=value;blue=Math.round(a);break;case 2:red=Math.round(a);green=value;blue=Math.round(c);break;case 3:red=Math.round(a);green=Math.round(b);blue=value;break;case 4:red=Math.round(c);green=Math.round(a);blue=value;break;case 5:red=value;green=Math.round(a);blue=Math.round(b);break;}}return new RGB(red, green, blue);}}

6、在一张图片上的指定位置用指定颜色画一个矩形

/** * 在一张图片上的指定位置用指定颜色画一个矩形 *  * @param pix *            图片流 * @param x *            起点 横坐标 * @param y *            起点 纵坐标 * @param width *            矩形宽度 * @param height *            矩形高度 * @param rgb *            画笔颜色 * @return 画完方后的矩形 */public static BufferedImage drawRectOnMip(BufferedImage pix, int x, int y,int width, int height, RGB rgb) {BufferedImage pixes = pix;if (x > pixes.getWidth() || y > pixes.getHeight()|| width > pixes.getWidth() - x|| height > pixes.getHeight() - y) {System.out.println("无法绘制");return pix;}// pic_drawRectGraphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) pixes.getGraphics();for (int i = 0; i < pixes.getHeight(); i++) {// j是横坐标for (int j = 0; j < pixes.getWidth(); j++) {// 获取颜色集合中一个颜色的int值Color color = new Color(pixes.getRGB(j, i));// System.out.println(pixes.get(i).get(j).toRGBInt());// System.out.println(color);g2.setColor(color);// System.out.println(g2.getColor());// 画一个像素g2.drawLine(j, i, j, i);}}g2.setColor(new Color(rgb.toRGBInt()));g2.drawRect(x, y, width, height);return pixes;}