Matlab GUI设计——文件读取和保存uigetfile,uiputfile

这一篇主要介绍一些Matlab GUI制作时常用到的文件读取和保存的函数：uigetfile,uiputfile。具体的语法就不再重复，主要通过一些自己编写的GUI来进行介绍，也许这样更有帮助：

1. uigetfile：该函数返回值包含读取的文件的名称cell数组（FileName），文件的路径数组(FilePath)，判断读取是否成功的标志FileIndex（不等于0时表示成功）。我们分析下面的matlab代码来进行具体讲解：我们通过在Callback函数中添加uigetfile函数来实现在界面中读入视频，注意到在代码中uigetfile的返回值正好为之前介绍过的三个值，不再介绍，同时{}中表示读取文件的格式选择，‘ReadVideo'则为读取数据的对话框的名称，’MultiSelect'取值为‘on'表示一次可以打开多个视频，当打开的是多个视频时，FileName是一个cell数组，如果取值为’off'时，则只能打开一个视频；还有就是可以设置默认路径，即弹出的对话框中最先能够看到的文件的路径。

注意：uigetfile只是获得了文件的路径和文件名称，并没有其他的任何操作，真正读取数据，需要相应的读取函数，例如图片可以用imread，视频可以用VideoReader对象读取。

function ReadVideoIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to ReadVideoIO (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%读入视频，前三个是第一次申明，第四个是引用global InputVideo;global ResultVideo;global VideoFullPath;global isVideo;[ReadVideoFileName,ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFilterIndex] = uigetfile({'*.avi;*.mp4','VideoFile(*.avi,*.mp4)';'*.avi','AVIVideoFile(*.avi)';'*.*','AllFile(*.*)'},'ReadVideo',...    'MultiSelect','on',...       %是否能够多选,'off'不支持多选， 'on'支持多选    'C:\Users\hsw\Desktop'); %设置默认路径if isequal(ReadVideoFileName,0) || isequal(ReadVideoPathName,0) || isequal(ReadVideoFilterIndex,0)    msgbox('导入视频失败，点击 确定 关闭对话框，再重新导入');else    %支持多选时需要处理    isVideo = 1;    if iscell(ReadVideoFileName)        %读入多个视频时        InputVideo = cell(length(ReadVideoFileName),1);        VideoFullPath = InputVideo;        for IterVideo = 1:length(ReadVideoFileName)            VideoFullPath{IterVideo} = fullfile(ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFileName{IterVideo}); %先保存所有视频或图像路径        end        VideoObject = VideoReader(VideoFullPath{1});    else        %只读入一个视频时        VideoFullPath = fullfile(ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFileName);        VideoObject = VideoReader(VideoFullPath);    end    %     显示第一个视频的第一帧，直到按下Start按钮时，开始显示别的    frame = read(VideoObject,1);    axes(handles.OriginalAxes);    imshow(frame);    axes(handles.ResultAxes);     imshow(255*ones(size(frame)));     ResultVideo = InputVideo;    msgbox('成功导入视频，点击 确定 关掉对话框');end

2. uiputfile：该函数的返回值同uigetfile函数相同，但是，没有了‘MultiSelect’属性，即一次只能一次保存一个文件，当然，这里是不会真正保存文件的，而是返回路径+文件名称，从而，需要添加真正保存文件的代码，例如imwrite保存图像

3. 一个简单的界面：

function varargout = TestGUI(varargin)% TESTGUI MATLAB code for TestGUI.fig%      TESTGUI, by itself, creates a new TESTGUI or raises the existing%      singleton*.%%      H = TESTGUI returns the handle to a new TESTGUI or the handle to%      the existing singleton*.%%      TESTGUI('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local%      function named CALLBACK in TESTGUI.M with the given input arguments.%%      TESTGUI('Property','Value',...) creates a new TESTGUI or raises the%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are%      applied to the GUI before TestGUI_OpeningFcn gets called.  An%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application%      stop.  All inputs are passed to TestGUI_OpeningFcn via varargin.%%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one%      instance to run (singleton)".%% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES% Edit the above text to modify the response to help TestGUI% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 06-Oct-2015 11:48:44% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...    'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...    'gui_OpeningFcn', @TestGUI_OpeningFcn, ...    'gui_OutputFcn',  @TestGUI_OutputFcn, ...    'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...    'gui_Callback',   []);if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});endif nargout    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});else    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT% --- Executes just before TestGUI is made visible.function TestGUI_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin   command line arguments to TestGUI (see VARARGIN)% 定义全局变量global isVideo;isVideo = 0;global isImage;isImage = 0;global Count;Count = 0;% Choose default command line output for TestGUIhandles.output = hObject;% Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles);% UIWAIT makes TestGUI wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1);% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = TestGUI_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout{1} = handles.output;% --------------------------------------------------------------------function ImageIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to ImageIO (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --------------------------------------------------------------------function VideoIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to VideoIO (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --------------------------------------------------------------------function ReadVideoIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to ReadVideoIO (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%读入视频，前三个是第一次申明，第四个是引用global InputVideo;global ResultVideo;global VideoFullPath;global isVideo;[ReadVideoFileName,ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFilterIndex] = uigetfile({'*.avi;*.mp4','VideoFile(*.avi,*.mp4)';'*.avi','AVIVideoFile(*.avi)';'*.*','AllFile(*.*)'},'ReadVideo',...    'MultiSelect','on',...       %是否能够多选,'off'不支持多选， 'on'支持多选    'C:\Users\hsw\Desktop'); %设置默认路径if isequal(ReadVideoFileName,0) || isequal(ReadVideoPathName,0) || isequal(ReadVideoFilterIndex,0)    msgbox('导入视频失败，点击 确定 关闭对话框，再重新导入');else    %支持多选时需要处理    isVideo = 1;    if iscell(ReadVideoFileName)        %读入多个视频时        InputVideo = cell(length(ReadVideoFileName),1);        VideoFullPath = InputVideo;        for IterVideo = 1:length(ReadVideoFileName)            VideoFullPath{IterVideo} = fullfile(ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFileName{IterVideo}); %先保存所有视频或图像路径        end        VideoObject = VideoReader(VideoFullPath{1});    else        %只读入一个视频时        VideoFullPath = fullfile(ReadVideoPathName,ReadVideoFileName);        VideoObject = VideoReader(VideoFullPath);    end    %     显示第一个视频的第一帧，直到按下Start按钮时，开始显示别的    frame = read(VideoObject,1);    axes(handles.OriginalAxes);    imshow(frame);    axes(handles.ResultAxes);     imshow(255*ones(size(frame)));     ResultVideo = InputVideo;    msgbox('成功导入视频，点击 确定 关掉对话框');end% --------------------------------------------------------------------function SaveVideoIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to SaveVideoIO (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%保存视频[SaveVideoFileName,SaveVideoPathName,SaveVideoFilterIndex] = uiputfile({'*.avi;*.mp4','VideoFile(*.avi,*.mp4)';...    '*.avi','AVIVideoFile(*.avi)';'*.*','AllFile(*.*)'},'ReadVideo',...    'C:\Users\hsw\Desktop'); %设置默认路径if isequal(SaveVideoFileName,0) || isequal(SaveVideoPathName,0) || isequal(SaveVideoFilterIndex,0)    disp('User seleceted Cancel');else    %这里保存所有读入的视频的处理结果    end% --------------------------------------------------------------------function ReadImageIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to ReadImageIO (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%读入图像，前三个是第一次申明，第四个是引用global InputImage;global ResultImage;global ImageFullPath;global isImage;[ReadImageFileName,ReadImagePathName,ReadImageFilterIndex] = uigetfile({'*.jpg;*.png;*.tif','ImageFile(*.jpg;*.png;*.tif)';...    '*.jpg','JPEGImageFile(*.jpg)';'*.*','AllFile(*.*)'},'ReadImage',...    'MultiSelect','on',...       %是否能够多选,'off'不支持多选， 'on'支持多选    'C:\Users\hsw\Desktop'); %设置默认路径if isequal(ReadImageFileName,0)|| isequal(ReadImagePathName,0) || isequal(ReadImageFilterIndex,0)    msgbox('导入图像失败，点击 确定 关闭对话框，再重新导入');else    % 支持多选时，注意需要分别处理    isImage = 1;    if iscell(ReadImageFileName)        %读入多个图像时，名称为cell数组，多个图像必须在同一个目录        InputImage = cell(length(ReadImageFileName),1);        ImageFullPath = InputImage;        for IterImage = 1:length(ReadImageFileName)            ImageFullPath{IterImage} = fullfile(ReadImagePathName,ReadImageFileName{IterImage});        end        FirstImageFullPath = ImageFullPath{1};    else        %只读入一个视频时        FirstImageFullPath = fullfile(ReadImagePathName,ReadImageFileName);        ImageFullPath = FirstImageFullPath;     end    %显示第一张图片    axes(handles.OriginalAxes);    imshow(imread(FirstImageFullPath));    axes(handles.ResultAxes);    imshow(255*ones(size(imread(FirstImageFullPath))));    ResultImage = InputImage;    msgbox('成功导入图像，点击 确定 关掉对话框');end% --------------------------------------------------------------------function SaveImageIO_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to SaveImageIO (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%保存图像：保存当前结果[SaveImageFileName,SaveImagePathName,SaveImageFilterIndex] = uiputfile({'*.jpg;*.png;*.tif','ImageFile(*.jpg;*.png;*.tif)';...    '*.jpg','JPEGImageFile(*.jpg)';'*.*','AllFile(*.*)'},'SaveImage','C:\Users\heshiwen\Desktop');if isequal(SaveImageFileName,0) || isequal(SaveImagePathName,0) || isequal(SaveImageFilterIndex,0)    disp('User selected Cancel');else    %保存处理的结果    end% --- Executes on button press in StartPushButton.function StartPushButton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to StartPushButton (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%开始执行功能%需要再次申明全局变量global InputVideo;global ResultVideo;global VideoFullPath;global isVideo;global InputImage;global ResultImage;global ImageFullPath;global isImage;global Count;% handles 不清楚有哪些按钮可以输出handles查看ChooseFunctions1 = get(handles.radiobutton1,'Value'); %执行radiobutton对应功能ChooseFunctions2 = get(handles.radiobutton2,'Value'); %执行radiobutton对应功能if isImage %处理图像    if ChooseFunctions1 %进行图像翻转        if iscell(ImageFullPath) && Count < length(ImageFullPath) %处理多幅图像            InputImage = imread(ImageFullPath{Count + 1});            ResultImage{Count + 1} = 255*ones(size(InputImage)) - double(InputImage);            axes(handles.OriginalAxes);            imshow(InputImage);            axes(handles.ResultAxes);            imshow(ResultImage{Count + 1}/255,[]);            Count = Count + 1;            if Count == length(ImageFullPath)                msgbox('图像处理完！');                 Count = 0;             end         elseif ~iscell(ImageFullPath) && Count < 1            InputImage = imread(ImageFullPath);            ResultImage = 255*ones(size(InputImage)) - double(InputImage);            axes(handles.OriginalAxes);            imshow(InputImage);            axes(handles.ResultAxes);            imshow(ResultImage/255,[]);            Count = Count + 1;             if Count == 1                 msgbox('图像处理完！');                 Count = 0;             end         end                    elseif ChooseFunctions2 %进行直方图均衡化        msgbox('没有实现！');     else        errordlg('程序出错了！');    endelseif isVideo    if ChooseFunctions1        if iscell(VideoFullPath) && Count < length(VideoFullPath)            VideoObject = VideoReader(VideoFullPath{Count + 1});             for IterVideo = 1:VideoObject.NumberOfFrames                InputFrame = read(VideoObject,IterVideo);                 ResultFrame = 255*ones(size(InputFrame)) - double(InputFrame);                 axes(handles.OriginalAxes);                imshow(InputFrame);                 axes(handles.ResultAxes);                 imshow(ResultFrame/255,[]);             end             Count = Count + 1; %改如何保存呢？        elseif ~iscell(ImageFullPath) && Count < 1                         Count = Count + 1;         end            elseif ChooseFunction2        msgbox('没有实现！');     else        errordlg('程序出错了！');    endelse    errordlg('需要先导入图像/视频');end% --- Executes on button press in ExitPushButton.function ExitPushButton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to ExitPushButton (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)%退出导航close(gcf);% msgbox('Exit !!');

注意：保存部分没有写，类比读取图像的方法添加就行了