dubbo_信息交换Exchanger

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信息交换层（Exchange）：封装请求响应模式，同步转异步，以Request和Response为中心，扩展接口为Exchanger、ExchangeChannel、ExchangeClient和ExchangeServer。

Exechangers类是一个单例类，通过static 的两个方法去获取相关实例，具体如下所示：

    public static Exchanger getExchanger(URL url) {        String type = url.getParameter(Constants.EXCHANGER_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_EXCHANGER);        return getExchanger(type);    }    public static Exchanger getExchanger(String type) {        return ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Exchanger.class).getExtension(type);    }    private Exchangers(){    }

Exchangers类主要有两个功能，即服务器的绑定和客户端的连接功能，代码如下：

    public static ExchangeServer bind(URL url, ExchangeHandler handler) throws RemotingException {        if (url == null) {            throw new IllegalArgumentException("url == null");        }        if (handler == null) {            throw new IllegalArgumentException("handler == null");        }        url = url.addParameterIfAbsent(Constants.CODEC_KEY, "exchange");        return getExchanger(url).bind(url, handler);    }

    public static ExchangeClient connect(URL url, ExchangeHandler handler) throws RemotingException {        if (url == null) {            throw new IllegalArgumentException("url == null");        }        if (handler == null) {            throw new IllegalArgumentException("handler == null");        }        url = url.addParameterIfAbsent(Constants.CODEC_KEY, "exchange");        return getExchanger(url).connect(url, handler);    }

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