spring4+strust2+hibernate4 环境开发搭建

来源：互联网发布：交换机有端口号吗编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/18 00:39

用惯了springmvc,对于ssh这个框架有点以往,今天搭建以下,回顾,现在的说strust2,已经有了很大的改变,通过convention-plugin 可以用来实现 struts2 的零配置。
下面就开始这侧的配置,我们要注意一下的是,spring版本和web版本的兼容性,spring4需要的是web3.0环境和jdk1.8版本,如果不这样配置的话,环境启动报错我们都不知道.

对于ssh这个框架,下面贴出几个最重要的,源码还请大家下载.

另外,拦截器已经加入,但是我一直处理不好一个问题,全局异常处理,在本源码中,异常处理后能抓到异常,但是不会条向指定页面,还请各位有明白的能指正出来,共同进步.

下载源码链接地址: http://download.csdn.net/detail/u014201191/9208027

ssh环境搭建

首先我们先来看一下web.xml和pom.xml文件,再次做一个记录

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"><display-name>spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo</display-name><!-- spring 和  Hibernate的配置文件 --><context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>     classpath:spring.xml     classpath:spring-hibernate.xml    </param-value></context-param><!-- 编码设置 --><filter><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class><init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>utf-8</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>forceEncoding</param-name><param-value>true</param-value></init-param></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><!-- openSessionInView配置 作用是延迟session关闭到view层 --><filter><filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class><init-param><param-name>singleSession</param-name><param-value>true</param-value></init-param></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern></filter-mapping><!-- 监听servletContext，启动contextConfigLocation中的spring配置信息 --><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><!-- 防止spring内存溢出监听器 --><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class></listener><!-- Struts2 filter --><filter><filter-name>struts2</filter-name><filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>struts2</filter-name><url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern></filter-mapping><!-- 配置session超时时间，单位分钟 --><session-config><session-timeout>30</session-timeout></session-config><welcome-file-list><welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list></web-app>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>org.andy.ssh</groupId><artifactId>spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo</artifactId><packaging>war</packaging><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo Maven Webapp</name><url>http://maven.apache.org</url><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><spring.version>4.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version><hibernate.version>4.3.8.Final</hibernate.version><struts2.version>2.3.20</struts2.version><jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version></properties><dependencies><!-- junit --><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.12</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><!-- spring --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-core</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-web</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-test</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><!-- 关系型数据库整合时需配置 如hibernate jpa等 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><!-- hibernate --><dependency><groupId>org.hibernate</groupId><artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId><version>${hibernate.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.hibernate</groupId><artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId><version>${hibernate.version}</version></dependency><!-- struts2 --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId><artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId><version>${struts2.version}</version><exclusions><exclusion><!-- Hibernate已经还有该包的依赖 --><artifactId>javassist</artifactId><groupId>javassist</groupId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId><artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId><version>${struts2.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId><artifactId>struts2-convention-plugin</artifactId><version>${struts2.version}</version></dependency><!-- log4j --><dependency><groupId>log4j</groupId><artifactId>log4j</artifactId><version>1.2.17</version></dependency><!-- mysql连接 --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.34</version></dependency><!-- 数据源 druid --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid</artifactId><version>1.0.12</version></dependency><!-- json --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.3</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId><version>${jackson.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId><version>${jackson.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId><version>${jackson.version}</version></dependency><!-- aop --><dependency><groupId>org.aspectj</groupId><artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId><version>1.8.4</version></dependency><!-- servlet --><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId><version>3.0-alpha-1</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>jstl</artifactId><version>1.2</version></dependency></dependencies><build><finalName>spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo</finalName><plugins><!-- Run the JUnit unit tests in an isolated classloader --><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId><version>2.4.2</version><configuration><skipTests>true</skipTests></configuration></plugin><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId><version>2.3</version><configuration><webXml>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</webXml></configuration></plugin><!-- generate java doc --><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId><version>2.9.1</version><configuration><javadocDirectory>target/javadoc</javadocDirectory><reportOutputDirectory>target/javadoc</reportOutputDirectory><charset>UTF-8</charset><encoding>UTF-8</encoding><docencoding>UTF-8</docencoding><show>private</show></configuration></plugin><!-- 部署至本机 --><plugin><groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId><artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId><version>1.0</version><configuration><container><containerId>tomcat6x</containerId><home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.27</home></container><configuration><type>existing</type><home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.27</home></configuration></configuration></plugin></plugins></build></project>

这两个对于我们环境来说是最重要的,包括下载jar和环境初始化

下面我们给出spring和strust2的xml配置文件

spring.xml和spring-hibernate.xml以及strust.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"><!-- 加载配置文件 --><context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/><!-- 扫描service自动注入为bean --><context:component-scan base-package="org.andy.shop.service.impl,org.andy.shop.dao.impl" /></beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd"><!-- 配置数据源 使用的是Druid数据源 --><bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"init-method="init" destroy-method="close"><property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" /><property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" /><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /><!-- 初始化连接大小 --><property name="initialSize" value="0" /><!-- 连接池最大使用连接数量 --><property name="maxActive" value="20" /><!-- 连接池最小空闲 --><property name="minIdle" value="0" /><!-- 获取连接最大等待时间 --><property name="maxWait" value="60000" /><property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true" /><property name="maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize"value="33" /><!-- 用来检测有效sql --><property name="validationQuery" value="${validationQuery}" /><property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" /><property name="testOnReturn" value="false" /><property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" /><!-- 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测，检测需要关闭的空闲连接，单位是毫秒 --><property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000" /><!-- 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间，单位是毫秒 --><property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="25200000" /><!-- 打开removeAbandoned功能 --><property name="removeAbandoned" value="true" /><!-- 1800秒，也就是30分钟 --><property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="1800" /><!-- 关闭abanded连接时输出错误日志 --><property name="logAbandoned" value="true" /><!-- 监控数据库 --><property name="filters" value="mergeStat" /></bean><!-- 配置hibernate的SessionFactory --><bean id="sessionFactory"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"><!-- 注入数据源 相关信息看源码 --><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /><!-- hibernate配置信息 --><property name="hibernateProperties"><props><prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop><prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop><prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}</prop><prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop></props></property><!-- 扫描hibernate注解配置的entity --><property name="packagesToScan" value="org.andy.shop.entity" /></bean><!-- 配置事务管理器 --><bean id="transactionManager"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean><!-- 配置事务增强处理Bean，指定事务管理器 --><tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"><!-- 配置详细事务处理语义 --><tx:attributes><tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" /><tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" /><tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" /><tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" /><tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" /><tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" /><tx:method name="load*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" /><!-- 其他采用默认事务方式 --><tx:method name="*" /></tx:attributes></tx:advice><!-- Spring aop事务管理 --><aop:config><!-- 配置切入点 --><aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut"expression="execution(* org.andy.shop.service.impl.*Impl.*(..))" /><!-- 指定在txAdvice切入点应用txAdvice事务增强处理 --><aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut"advice-ref="transactionAdvice" /></aop:config></beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts><!-- 指定由spring负责action对象的创建 --><constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" /><!-- 所有匹配*.action的请求都由struts2处理 --><constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do" /><!-- 是否启用开发模式 --><constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /><!-- struts配置文件改动后，是aa否重新加载 --><constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" /><!-- 设置浏览器是否缓存静态内容 --><constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="false" /><!-- 请求参数的编码方式 --><constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="utf-8" /><!-- 每次HTTP请求系统都重新加载资源文件，有助于开发 --><constant name="struts.i18n.reload" value="true" /><!-- 文件上传最大值 --><constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="104857600" /><!-- 让struts2支持动态方法调用 --><constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" /><!-- Action名称中是否还是用斜线 --><constant name="struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames" value="false" /><!-- 允许标签中使用表达式语法 --><constant name="struts.tag.altSyntax" value="true" /><!-- 对于WebLogic,Orion,OC4J此属性应该设置成true --><constant name="struts.dispatcher.parametersWorkaround" value="false" /><constant name="struts.convention.result.path" value="/WEB-INF/content/" /><!-- 注解方式的请求strust2 --><!-- 定义一个拦截器,并使用 --><package name="custom-default" extends="struts-default"><!-- 定义一个拦截器 --><interceptors><interceptor name="authority"class="org.andy.shop.intercptor.AuthInterceptor"></interceptor><!-- 拦截器栈 --><interceptor-stack name="mydefault"><interceptor-ref name="authority" /><interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" /></interceptor-stack></interceptors><!-- 下面的这种配置,只要继承了这个package,那么该action的所有请求都将会进入拦截器 --><!-- <default-interceptor-ref name="mydefault"></default-interceptor-ref> -->        <!-- 下面的全局异常处理没有效果 --><global-results><result name="exception">/WEB-INF/content/error/exception.jsp</result></global-results><global-exception-mappings><exception-mapping exception="java.lang.NumberFormatException"result="exception" /></global-exception-mappings></package>    <!-- xml方式的请求strust2 --><package name="myself-default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/login"><action name="loginAction_*" class="org.andy.shop.action.LoginAction" method="{1}"><result name="view">/WEB-INF/content/login/index.jsp</result></action></package></struts>

本次项目中的拦截器配置还有待完善,写好后,我会第一时间更新.

下面我们来看一下最基本的两个个action,前者是注解方式,后者是xml方式

package org.andy.shop.action;import java.util.List;import org.andy.shop.entity.UserInfo;import org.andy.shop.service.UserInfoService;import org.andy.shop.utils.AjaxUtil;import org.apache.log4j.Logger;import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ExceptionMapping;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ExceptionMappings;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.InterceptorRef;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ResultPath;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;/** * @ParentPackage : 对应于 struts.xml 常量配置项的 <constant name="struts.convention.default.parent.package" value="xx"/> 默认值是 convention-default, * 拦截器就是在xml中配置好以后才会在这里引用的 */@ParentPackage(value="custom-default") /** * @Namespace 一旦配置,将会在我们配置的根目录(默认为content,也可用@ResultPath来配置)下,找 'user/' 目录下的jsp */@Namespace("/user") /** * @ResultPath : 对应于 struts.xml 常量配置项的 <constant name="struts.convention.result.path" value="xx" /> 默认值是 /WEB-INF/content/ */@ResultPath(value="/WEB-INF/content/")/** * 引入拦截器,要预先在xml中配置好 */@InterceptorRef(value="mydefault") /** * 全局返回 */@Result(name = "error_exception",location = "result_false.jsp")public class UserinfoAction extends ActionSupport  {    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2301203156032690317L;private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(UserinfoAction.class);private Integer id;private UserInfo userInfo;private List<UserInfo> userInfos;@Autowiredprivate UserInfoService userInfoService;public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public UserInfo getUserInfo() {return userInfo;}public void setUserInfo(UserInfo userInfo) {this.userInfo = userInfo;}public List<UserInfo> getUserInfos() {return userInfos;}public void setUserInfos(List<UserInfo> userInfos) {this.userInfos = userInfos;}public UserInfo getModel() {if (null != id) {userInfo = userInfoService.get(id);} else {userInfo = new UserInfo();}return userInfo;}/** * 请求链接:http://localhost:8080/spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo/user/userinfo.action */@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {LOGGER.info("查询所有用户");userInfos = userInfoService.findAll();/**如果是SUCCESS,那么就是说,返回的view视图为:action的名字,userinfo+jsp*/return SUCCESS;}/**     * 请求链接:http://localhost:8080/spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo/user/userinfo!detail.action?id=1     */public void detail() {String id = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getParameter("id");LOGGER.info("查看用户详情：" + id);userInfo = userInfoService.get(Integer.valueOf(id));AjaxUtil.ajaxJSONResponse(userInfo);}/** * 请求链接为:http://localhost:8080/spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo/user/doIt.action* @author 高国藩* @date 2015年10月23日 下午5:28:34* @return* @throws Exception */    @Action(value = "doIt",          results = {             @Result(name = "isTrue", location = "result_true.jsp"),             @Result(name = "isFalse", location = "result_false.jsp")         }     )public String doIt() throws NumberFormatException {LOGGER.info("view action has been call ...");return "isTrue";}    }

package org.andy.shop.action;import org.apache.log4j.Logger;public class LoginAction {    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(LoginAction.class);    /**     * 下面方法为xml方式进行请求struts,不适用注解方式     * 请求方式:http://localhost:8080/spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo/login/loginAction_viewAction.action    * @author 高国藩    * @date 2015年10月23日 下午8:59:20    * @return     */    public String viewAction() {        LOGGER.info("viewAction | 通配符请求方法");        Integer.parseInt("throw one exception ....");        return "view";    }}

其中最基本的配置要看下面,有很多默认的配置.

注意默认请求action的方式和返回view的方式,action请求舍去了Action,而view则会配置根目录,success的返回结果则会返回action的默认名称+jsp的形式,例如UserAction,请求则会是user.action,而view则是web-inf/content/user.jsp.但这些配置都可以在convention这个插件中配置,详细都在下面看strust2的常量配置.

struts2注解convention插件

struts.xml

convention 几项重要配置 :

Action 类后缀名 : <constant name="struts.convention.action.suffix" value="Action" />

继承了 struts2 的 ActionSupport 类的类不是一个普通的类，它具有能够处理请求和对请求作出响应的能力，

通常，开发者常常为这种特殊的类起一个后缀名，以区分一般普通的类。例如，xxAction，xxController，

这里的类名的后缀 Action，Controller 就是对应上面配置中的 value 的值，这个值会在发起 URL 请求的时候被截去。例如 : TestAction ---> test

Action类扩展名 [多项以逗号隔开] : <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do,html,htm,php,aspx" />

与文件的扩展名相似的，例如 : TestAction ---> test.action 或 test.do 或 test.html 或 test.php 或 test.aspx 或 ...

注意 : 若该项被配置，则，访问所有的 Action 都需带上 Action 的扩展名，否则客户端将抛出 404 ERROR

Action类名分隔符 : <constant name="struts.convention.action.name.separator" value="_" />

若 Action 类名中出现驼峰标识的串，则用分隔符来切割串，如 HelloWorldAction ---> hello_world

搜索 Action 资源的包路径 [多项以逗号隔开] : <constant name="struts.convention.package.locators" value="action,actions" />

只有当包名含有以上配置中 value 值中至少一项时，convention plugin 才能搜索找得到该 Action，

否则就算访问的 Action 是存在的，convention plugin 也无法找得到该 Action

注意 : 若包名不是以上列出现过的串结束，则后面的串相当于该包下所有 Action 访问的命名空间 ( 以下面的 LoginAction 作为示例 )。

搜索视图资源(JSP,freemarker,等)的路径 : <constant name="struts.convention.result.path" value="/view/" />

所有的视图资源都需放在配置指定的文件夹路径下，否则，就算结果视图是真实存在的，convention plugin 也无法找得到该视图。默认值是 /WEB-INF/content/

convention 约定 :

1. [ Action 不存在的情况 ] 若 convention plugin 在包搜索路径中搜索不到与请求的 URL 相匹配的 Action，则会到视图的搜索路径下搜索

与请求的 URL 相匹配的视图资源，若还搜索不到，则抛出 no Action mapped Exception

示例 :

view/hello_world.jsp [ 没有与之匹配的 Action 类 ]

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!!</h2>
</body>
</html>

2. [ Action 的 execute 方法或动态方法调用的情况 ] 如请求 name!method.action，若 NameAction 存在，且 NameAction 中存在 method 这样一个方法，

则根据 method 方法返回的字符串，结果的视图资源名称规则 ( 视图以 JSP 文件为例 ) :

① success -----> name.jsp 或 name_success.jsp ; 若这两个视图同时存在，则 convention plugin 会选择 name_success.jsp 作为视图来展示

② 非 success 的任意串 string -----> name_string.jsp

示例 :

package net.yeah.fancydeepin.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**
* -----------------------------------------
* @描述  TODO
* @作者  fancy
* @邮箱  fancydeepin@yeah.net
* @日期  2012-10-26 <BR>
* -----------------------------------------
*/
public class SayHelloAction extends ActionSupport{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private String message;

    public String execute(){

        message = "Hello struts2 convention plugin!";
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    public String say(){

        message = "SayHelloAction, say";
        return "world";
    }

    public String sayHello(){

        message = "SayHelloAction, sayHello";
        return "conventionPlugin";
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

}

view/say_hello.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>say_hello.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>
</body>
</html>

view/say_hello_world.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>say_hello_world.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>
</body>
</html>

view/say_hello_conventionPlugin.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>say_hello_conventionPlugin.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>
</body>
</html>

convention 注解 :

@ParentPackage : 对应于 struts.xml 常量配置项的 <constant name="struts.convention.default.parent.package" value="xx"/> 默认值是 convention-default

@ResultPath : 对应于 struts.xml 常量配置项的 <constant name="struts.convention.result.path" value="xx" /> 默认值是 /WEB-INF/content/

@Namespace : Action 访问的命名空间，该注解一旦声明，结果的视图资源需放在 : 视图搜索目录/命名空间 ( 如 : view/simple/demo.jsp )

package net.yeah.fancydeepin.action;

import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ResultPath;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**
* -----------------------------------------
* @描述  TODO
* @作者  fancy
* @邮箱  fancydeepin@yeah.net
* @日期  2012-10-26 <BR>
* -----------------------------------------
*/
@ParentPackage("convention-default")
@Namespace("/simple")
@ResultPath("/view/")
public class DemoAction extends ActionSupport{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String message;

    public String execute(){

        message = "DemoAction";
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
}

view/simple/demo.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>demo.jsp → Hello World ${message}!</h2>
</body>
</html>

@Action

package net.yeah.fancydeepin.action;

import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**
* -----------------------------------------
* @描述  TODO
* @作者  fancy
* @邮箱  fancydeepin@yeah.net
* @日期  2012-10-26 <BR>
* -----------------------------------------
*/
public class ActionannotationAction extends ActionSupport{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String message;

    @Action("invoke")
    public String invokeMethod(){

        message = "ActionannotationAction, invokeMethod";
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
}

view/invoke.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>invoke.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>
</body>
</html>

@Result，@Results

package net.yeah.fancydeepin.action;

import java.util.Random;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**
* -----------------------------------------
* @描述  TODO
* @作者  fancy
* @邮箱  fancydeepin@yeah.net
* @日期  2012-10-26 <BR>
* -----------------------------------------
*/
@Results({@Result(name = "success", location = "result.jsp")})
public class ResultAction extends ActionSupport{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String message;

    public String execute(){

        message = "ResultAction, execute";
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    @Action(value = "doIt",
        results = {
            @Result(name = "isTrue", location = "result_true.jsp"),
            @Result(name = "isFalse", location = "result_false.jsp")
        }
    )
    public String doExecute(){

        message = "doExecute isFalse.";
        if(new Random().nextBoolean()){
            message = "doExecute isTrue.";
            return "isTrue";
        }
        return "isFalse";
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
}

view/result.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>result.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>
</body>
</html>

view/result_true.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>result_true.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>
</body>
</html>

view/result_false.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>result_false.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>
</body>
</html>

The last example

package net.yeah.fancydeepin.action.admin;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**
* -----------------------------------------
* @描述  TODO
* @作者  fancy
* @邮箱  fancydeepin@yeah.net
* @日期  2012-10-26 <BR>
* -----------------------------------------
*/
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public String log(){

        username = username.intern();
        password = password.intern();
        if(username == "admin" && password == "fancy"){
            return SUCCESS;
        }
        return ERROR;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

view/admin/login_success.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>Welcome!!</h2>
</body>
</html>

view/admin/login_error.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>Login Failed!!</h2>
</body>
</html>

全局异常处理方式

<global-results>定义全局结果处理
一般发生异常之后结果返回errHandler
因为errHandler是由<global-exception-mappings>关联到Exception这个类了
然后处理结果
<result name="errHandler" type="chain">
然后它就根据
<param name="actionName">errorProcessor</param>
找action
<action name="errorProcessor" class="cn.itcast.sh.error.ErrorProcess">
<result>/error.jsp</result>
</action>
处理了然后返回到 error.jsp

注解方式

package com.xiaoji.ssh.action;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;import org.apache.log4j.Logger;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ExceptionMapping;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ExceptionMappings;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;@Namespace("/book") @Results( { @Result(name = "success", location = "/views/main.jsp"),         @Result(name = "error", location = "/views/error.jsp") }) @ExceptionMappings( { @ExceptionMapping(exception = "java.lang.Exception", result = "error") }) public class BookAction extends ActionSupport{    /** @Fields serialVersionUID : */    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(BookAction.class);    private String username;        public String getUsername() {        return username;    }    public void setUsername(String username) {        this.username = username;    }        @Action(value="test")    public String test() throws Exception{        logger.info("抛出异常处理");        Integer.parseInt("error");        this.setUsername("strutsTest");        return SUCCESS;    }    }

在这样的配置下,如果跑出了异常,就会跳转到error这个result中,在项目跟路径下,/views/error.jsp,同样可以传递参数,将错误信息输出

xml配置文件方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts>    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>    <!-- <constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="itcast"></constant> -->    <package name="struts-global" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">        <global-results>            <result name="errHandler" type="chain">                <param name="actionName">errorProcessor</param>            </result>        </global-results>        <global-exception-mappings>            <exception-mapping result="errHandler" exception="java.lang.Exception">            </exception-mapping>        </global-exception-mappings>                <action name="errorProcessor" class="cn.itcast.sh.error.ErrorProcess">            <result>/error.jsp</result>        </action>    </package>

package cn.itcast.sh.error;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class ErrorProcess extends ActionSupport {    private Exception exception;    public Exception getException() {        return exception;    }    public void setException(Exception exception) {        this.exception = exception;    }    @Override    public String execute()    {        ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack().push(this.exception.getMessage());　　　　　　//放到值栈顶        return this.SUCCESS;    }}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts>    <package name="user" namespace="/" extends="struts-global">        <action name="UserAction_*" method="{1}" class="cn.itcast.sh.action.UserAction">            <result name="userList">/user/list.jsp</result>        </action>    </package></struts>

然后如果页面异常都会转向 error.jsp中显示,error.jsp可以进行错误显示,因为信息被放到栈顶了所以可以取到,<s:property />

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