linux centos 7安装 mariadb
来源：互联网 发布：爱知中学滨河 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/05/19 23:16
centos7默认集成的已经不再是mysql，而是mysql旗下的一个分支mariadb，mariadb其实完全支持mysql的各种语法，不过性能以及其它是否有优化或在瑕疵现在还未做实验；以下则是我安装mariadb时的简单整合，我认为的最简单方式，在此做记号，方便以后查看：
首先我们要查看系统中已经存在的mariadb是否安装，可以使用以下命令：
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64
mariadb-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64
这样查找出来的，默认会有一个（无论你有没有安装，至少会有一个），我在这里，为了避免冲突，所以找到之后直接卸载了
刚开始我是直接使用命令： sudo rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64进行卸载，但是会出现以下错误（根据系统版本不同而不同）：
error: Failed dependencies:
libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 is needed by (installed) mariadb-1:5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64
则表示有关联的包已经被postfix这个东西给关联起来，所以无法卸载，出现这样的情况我们一般可以强制进行卸载：
[wanggang@10 ~]$ sudo rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 强制卸载上面查找到的所有关于mariadb的包
[wanggang@10 ~]$ sudo rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64
[wanggang@10 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep -i mariadb 再次检查是否还有mariadb包，一般情况下是没有了
[wanggang@10 ~]$ whereis mysql 为了保险，再次用whereis mysql进行查找一次
mysql:[wanggang@10 ~]$
然后允许以下命令进行安装（这里是yum命令安装）：
[wanggang@10 ~]$ sudo yum -y install mariadb* 这里将安装的整个步骤给贴出来，方便以后查看是否是有错误
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.pubyun.com
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.pubyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 will be installed
---> Package mariadb-bench.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(GD) for package: 1:mariadb-bench-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: 1:mariadb-bench-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64
---> Package mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: openssl-devel(x86-64) for package: 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64
---> Package mariadb-embedded.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 will be installed
---> Package mariadb-embedded-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 will be installed
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 will be installed
---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64
---> Package mariadb-test.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Test::More) for package: 1:mariadb-test-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Env) for package: 1:mariadb-test-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: zlib-devel(x86-64) for package: 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-42.el7.9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: krb5-devel(x86-64) for package: 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-42.el7.9.x86_64
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
---> Package perl-Env.noarch 0:1.04-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-GD.x86_64 0:2.49-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Test-Simple.noarch 0:0.98-243.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.12.2-15.el7_1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libverto-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.12.2-15.el7_1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libselinux-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.12.2-15.el7_1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcom_err-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.12.2-15.el7_1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: keyutils-libs-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.12.2-15.el7_1.x86_64
---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
---> Package zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-13.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.2-6.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libsepol-devel >= 2.1.9-1 for package: libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig(libsepol) for package: libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig(libpcre) for package: libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64
---> Package libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.9-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-14.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 updates 8.9 M
mariadb-bench x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 updates 385 k
mariadb-devel x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 updates 747 k
mariadb-embedded x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 updates 3.6 M
mariadb-embedded-devel x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 updates 7.4 M
mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 updates 754 k
mariadb-server x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 updates 11 M
mariadb-test x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1 updates 8.0 M
Installing for dependencies:
keyutils-libs-devel x86_64 1.5.8-3.el7 base 37 k
krb5-devel x86_64 1.12.2-15.el7_1 updates 641 k
libcom_err-devel x86_64 1.42.9-7.el7 base 30 k
libselinux-devel x86_64 2.2.2-6.el7 base 174 k
libsepol-devel x86_64 2.1.9-3.el7 base 71 k
libverto-devel x86_64 0.2.5-4.el7 base 12 k
openssl-devel x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9 updates 1.2 M
pcre-devel x86_64 8.32-14.el7 base 477 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57 k
perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.023-5.el7 base 140 k
perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k
perl-Env noarch 1.04-2.el7 base 16 k
perl-GD x86_64 2.49-3.el7 base 173 k
perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260 k
perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k
perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 k
perl-Test-Simple noarch 0.98-243.el7 base 170 k
zlib-devel x86_64 1.2.7-13.el7 base 49 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 8 Packages (+19 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 45 M
Installed size: 289 M
Downloading packages:
(1/27): keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 37 kB 00:00
libsepol-devel-2.1.9-3.el7.x86 FAILED
http://mirrors.pubyun.com/centos/7.1.1503/os/x86_64/Packages/libsepol-devel-2.1.9-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 503 - Service Unavailable
Trying other mirror.
(2/27): libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 30 kB 00:00
libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86 FAILED
http://mirrors.pubyun.com/centos/7.1.1503/os/x86_64/Packages/libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 503 - Service Unavailable
Trying other mirror.
(3/27): libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 174 kB 00:00
(4/27): krb5-devel-1.12.2-15.el7_1.x86_64.rpm | 641 kB 00:00
(5/27): mariadb-bench-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64.rpm | 385 kB 00:00
(6/27): mariadb-embedded-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64.rpm | 3.6 MB 00:01
(7/27): mariadb-devel-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64.rpm | 747 kB 00:01
(8/27): mariadb-embedded-devel-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64.rpm | 7.4 MB 00:03
(9/27): mariadb-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64.rpm | 8.9 MB 00:04
(10/27): mariadb-libs-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64.rpm | 754 kB 00:00
(11/27): mariadb-test-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64.rpm | 8.0 MB 00:03
(12/27): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:00
pcre-devel-8.32-14.el7.x86_64. FAILED
http://mirrors.pubyun.com/centos/7.1.1503/os/x86_64/Packages/pcre-devel-8.32-14.el7.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 503 - Service Unavailable
Trying other mirror.
(13/27): openssl-devel-1.0.1e-42.el7.9.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00
(14/27): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:00
(15/27): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 140 kB 00:00
(16/27): perl-Env-1.04-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 16 kB 00:00
(17/27): mariadb-server-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64.rpm | 11 MB 00:04
(18/27): perl-GD-2.49-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 173 kB 00:00
(19/27): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:00
(20/27): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00
(21/27): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00
(22/27): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:01
(23/27): perl-Test-Simple-0.98-243.el7.noarch.rpm | 170 kB 00:00
(24/27): zlib-devel-1.2.7-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 49 kB 00:00
(25/27): libsepol-devel-2.1.9-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 71 kB 00:00
(26/27): libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 12 kB 00:00
(27/27): pcre-devel-8.32-14.el7.x86_64.rpm | 477 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 3.8 MB/s | 45 MB 00:11
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 8 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
icedtea-web-1.5.2-0.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of java-1.7.0-openjdk
jline-1.0-8.el7.noarch has missing requires of java >= ('0', '1.5', None)
1:libreoffice-core-4.2.6.3-5.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of java >= ('1', '1.6', None)
1:libreoffice-core-4.2.6.3-5.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libjawt.so()(64bit)
1:libreoffice-core-4.2.6.3-5.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libjawt.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit)
1:libreoffice-ure-4.2.6.3-5.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of jre >= ('0', '1.5.0', None)
2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
Installing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 1/27
Installing : 1:mariadb-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 2/27
Installing : libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-7.el7.x86_64 3/27
Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 4/27
Installing : zlib-devel-1.2.7-13.el7.x86_64 5/27
Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 6/27
Installing : perl-Test-Simple-0.98-243.el7.noarch 7/27
Installing : 1:mariadb-embedded-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 8/27
Installing : libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64 9/27
Installing : perl-GD-2.49-3.el7.x86_64 10/27
Installing : perl-Env-1.04-2.el7.noarch 11/27
Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 12/27
Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 13/27
Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 14/27
Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 15/27
Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 16/27
Installing : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 17/27
Installing : pcre-devel-8.32-14.el7.x86_64 18/27
Installing : libsepol-devel-2.1.9-3.el7.x86_64 19/27
Installing : libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 20/27
Installing : keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64 21/27
Installing : krb5-devel-1.12.2-15.el7_1.x86_64 22/27
Installing : 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-42.el7.9.x86_64 23/27
Installing : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 24/27
Installing : 1:mariadb-embedded-devel-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 25/27
Installing : 1:mariadb-test-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 26/27
Installing : 1:mariadb-bench-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 27/27
Verifying : keyutils-libs-devel-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/27
Verifying : libsepol-devel-2.1.9-3.el7.x86_64 2/27
Verifying : 1:mariadb-bench-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 3/27
Verifying : pcre-devel-8.32-14.el7.x86_64 4/27
Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 5/27
Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 6/27
Verifying : perl-Env-1.04-2.el7.noarch 7/27
Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 8/27
Verifying : perl-GD-2.49-3.el7.x86_64 9/27
Verifying : libverto-devel-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64 10/27
Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 11/27
Verifying : 1:mariadb-embedded-devel-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 12/27
Verifying : 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-42.el7.9.x86_64 13/27
Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 14/27
Verifying : 1:mariadb-embedded-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 15/27
Verifying : 1:mariadb-test-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 16/27
Verifying : libselinux-devel-2.2.2-6.el7.x86_64 17/27
Verifying : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 18/27
Verifying : perl-Test-Simple-0.98-243.el7.noarch 19/27
Verifying : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 20/27
Verifying : zlib-devel-1.2.7-13.el7.x86_64 21/27
Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 22/27
Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 23/27
Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 24/27
Verifying : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.44-1.el7_1.x86_64 25/27
Verifying : krb5-devel-1.12.2-15.el7_1.x86_64 26/27
Verifying : libcom_err-devel-1.42.9-7.el7.x86_64 27/27
Installed:
mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1
mariadb-bench.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1
mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1
mariadb-embedded.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1
mariadb-embedded-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1
mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1
mariadb-test.x86_64 1:5.5.44-1.el7_1
Dependency Installed:
keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7
krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.12.2-15.el7_1
libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-7.el7
libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.2-6.el7
libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.9-3.el7
libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7
openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9
pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-14.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7
perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7
perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7
perl-Env.noarch 0:1.04-2.el7
perl-GD.x86_64 0:2.49-3.el7
perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7
perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7
perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7
perl-Test-Simple.noarch 0:0.98-243.el7
zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-13.el7
Complete! 出现这里，则表示安装完成，细心的朋友可以看到，里面有一个警告，那个警告可以不做处理，不会影响正常工作，若不想看到，可以清除yum的历史记录即可
[wanggang@10 ~]$ sudo systemctl start mariadb.service 使用systemctl 对服务进行管理（以前是用service start mariadb/mysqld），这里进行启动mariadb服务
[wanggang@10 ~]$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service 使的服务自动启动，自己的电脑上面不必要，但是服务器上最好是自动启动的比较好。
已经安装完成，由于刚刚安装好mariadb跟mysql一样，是没有密码的，直接mysql命令即可进入，在此，直接设置密码，使用mysql的如下命令进行设置root的密码：
[wanggang@10 ~]$ mysql_secure_installation 输入之后，会提示让你输入root密码，不过由于没有，直接回车（enter）即可，然后会提示是否设置root密码，选择Y，则输入两次密码即可，然后后面的一直y即可，若不想删除test数据库，则在出现删除test数据库的时候选择n就可以了。至于设置字符集等操作，可以跟mysql一样，找到my.cnf，在里面操作。【完】
此次笔记只是为了以后方便自己查看，以及帮助有需要的朋友解决实际问题，少走一些弯路。
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