Queue depth 增益（SSD/flash,etc)

SATA/PCIE/UFS 都支持Q的操作，即一次性发多个R/W命令。它的performance 增益并不是简单的乘以queue depth。每个queue落到die上是随机的，因此需要通过概率来统计这个值。对于Queue的增益，我们做一个简单的类比问题：假设有16辆车要过桥，每辆车过桥的时间是1秒，假如有4座桥（A,B,C,D），但这16辆车是随机上其中一座桥的，那平均一辆车过桥的时间是多少？ 我们假定这个值是x，如果4座桥每次只有1辆车过桥，那16辆车过桥就要16秒，其实每辆车过桥时间是1秒。如果16辆车随机上4座桥，每辆车的过桥时间是x，那增益就是 1/x.
那现在的问题就是如何算x.
对于Ramdom read（4KB），假设map不是全部存放在DRAM中，只有一部分放在DRAM中。读map的时间假设为y，由于有一部分的map在DRAM中，map hit的概率设为H，那一笔map的读的时间就为y(1-H). 当queue depth = 1 时，一笔4KB的读，所消耗的时间为1+y(1-H).
假如queue depth 为n, 那就有n笔 data read + n笔 map read，如果die 并行的数目是4，那一共有4n种cases.
首先，我们需要如何罗列出这所有的排列组合：假设die A中有a 笔 data read + i 笔 map read, 组合数为CanCin; die B中有 b 笔 data read + j 笔 map read,组合数为Cbn−aCjn−i; die C中有c笔data read + k 笔 map readCcn−a−bCkn−i−j； Die D 中有 d 笔 data read + l 笔 map read,CddCll=1 。对于上述的排列共有:
CanCinCbn−aCjn−iCcn−a−bCkn−i−j,其中a+b+c+d=n，i+j+k+l=n
上面这种排列组合所有任务完成的时间是max(a+iy(1−H),b+jy(1−H),c+ky(1−H),d+ly(1−H)).
对于所有的组合其增益G可以下列公式算出：
G=4n(1+y(1−H))∑na=0∑ni=0∑n−ib=0∑n−ij=0∑n−a−bc=0∑n−i−jk=0CanCinCbn−aCjn−iCcn−a−bCkn−i−jmax(a+iy(1−H),b+jy(1−H),c+ky(1−H),d+ly(1−H))

这里可以用递归的方式来编程，只有1个die ->2 个die ->3 个die -> …. n 个die

#include <iostream>#include <math.h>using namespace std;double gTotalServiceTime = 0; double gMaxServiceTime = 0;double gCombineCount = 0; // 64bit width, overflow will happens if 32bit widthdouble mapDivideData = 0.542; // mapread*(1-maphit)/Dataread//C(n,k) = A(n,k)/A(k,k)double CombineCount(int n,int k){    int i = 1;    double temp1 = 1,temp2 =1; //using double type instead of int for avoiding overflow    k = (k > n/2) ? (n - k) : k; //C(n,k)=C(n,n-k)    for (i=1;i<=k;i++)    {        temp1 *= n-i+1;        temp2 *=i;    }    temp1 /=temp2;     return temp1;}void Combine(int dataQdepth, int mapQdepth,int DieCount,double MaxServiceTime,double previousCombineCount) //previous maxservice time{     //cout<<"beginDataQdepth: "<<dataQdepth<<" mapQdepth: "<<mapQdepth<<" DieCount: "<<DieCount<<endl;    double Servicetime = 0;    if( (dataQdepth + mapQdepth) == 0 || DieCount == 1)    {        Servicetime = dataQdepth + (mapQdepth * mapDivideData);        if(Servicetime > MaxServiceTime)        {            gMaxServiceTime = Servicetime;        }        gTotalServiceTime += gMaxServiceTime * previousCombineCount;        //gCombineCount += gCurrentCombineCount;        gCombineCount += previousCombineCount;        //cout<<"gMaxServiceTime:"<<gMaxServiceTime<<" gCurrentCombineCount:"<<gCurrentCombineCount<<endl;        //cout<<"return"<<endl;        //cout<<endl;        gMaxServiceTime = MaxServiceTime; //reset to previous die distribution max service time        return;    }    for(int i = dataQdepth; i>=0;i--)    {        for(int j = mapQdepth; j>=0;j--)        {            Servicetime = i + j * mapDivideData; // this die has i data read, j map read                  //cout<<"FordataQdepth: "<<i<<" mapQdepth: "<<j<<" Diecount: "<<DieCount<<endl;            if(Servicetime > MaxServiceTime)            {                 gMaxServiceTime = Servicetime;            }            //cout<<"Servicetime: "<<Servicetime<<" gMaxServiceTime: "<<gMaxServiceTime<<endl;            double dataCombine = CombineCount(dataQdepth,i);            double mapCombine = CombineCount(mapQdepth,j);            double Allcombine = dataCombine*mapCombine;            previousCombineCount *= Allcombine;            //cout<<" dataCombine: "<<dataCombine<<" mapCombine: "<<mapCombine<<" Allcombine: "<<Allcombine<<endl;                 Combine(dataQdepth-i,mapQdepth-j,DieCount-1,gMaxServiceTime,previousCombineCount);            previousCombineCount /= Allcombine;        }    }}void main(){    //read    int dataQdepth = 32 ;    int mapQdepth = dataQdepth;    double CommandServiceTime = dataQdepth*(1+mapDivideData);    //write    /*int dataQdepth = 0;     int mapQdepth = 32;    double CommandServiceTime = mapQdepth*mapDivideData;*/    int DieCount = 4;    cout<<"dataQdepth:"<<dataQdepth<<" mapQdepth: "<<mapQdepth<<" DieCount: "<<DieCount<<endl;    Combine(dataQdepth,mapQdepth,DieCount,0,1);    cout<<"\ngTotalServiceTime:"<<gTotalServiceTime<<" gCombineCount: "<<gCombineCount<<" gMaxServiceTime: "<<gMaxServiceTime<<endl;    double averagetime = gTotalServiceTime/gCombineCount;    double gainfactor = CommandServiceTime/averagetime;    cout<<"gain facotor:"<<gainfactor<<" averagetime: "<<averagetime<<" CommandServiceTime: "<<CommandServiceTime<<endl;}