Gray Code

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题目名称
Gray Code—LeetCode链接

描述
The gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit.

Given a non-negative integer n representing the total number of bits in the code, print the sequence of gray code. A gray code sequence must begin with 0.

For example, given n = 2, return [0,1,3,2]. Its gray code sequence is:

00 - 001 - 111 - 310 - 2

Note:
For a given n, a gray code sequence is not uniquely defined.

For example, [0,2,3,1] is also a valid gray code sequence according to the above definition.

For now, the judge is able to judge based on one instance of gray code sequence. Sorry about that.

分析
n=1时:graycode=[0,1],二进制表示为[0,1];
n=2时:graycode=[0,1,3,2],二进制表示为[00,01,11,10];注意这里并不是0,1,2,3;
n=3时:graycode=[0,1,3,2,6,7,5,4],前四个数与n=2时完全相同,在分析二进制表示:

n=2十进制:0, 1, 3, 2二进制:00,01,11,10n=3十进制:0,  1,  3,  2,  6,  7,  5,  4二进制:000,001,011,010,110,111,101,100000,001,011,010100,101,111,1106比2多4,7比3多4,5比1多4,4比0多4

这里写图片描述
  由此得到一个递推公式,n+1中的元素可以这样得到:
  n+1中的graycode码个数是n中的两倍,首先复制一份n中的元素,然后按照n中的元素从后往前依次增加2的n次方,加入到n+1中。
  这样保证了相邻元素之间只有一个位的数字不同。

C++代码

vector<int> grayCode(int n) {    vector<int> res;    if(n<0)        return res;    if(n==0){        res.push_back(0);        return res;    }    res.push_back(0);    res.push_back(1);    for(int i=1;i<n;i++){        vector<int> temp(res);        //这里是计算2的i次方,将1向坐位移i个单位        int add = 1<<i;        int a=0,b=temp.size()-1;        for(b;b>=a;b--){            temp.push_back(temp[b]+add);        }        res = temp;    }    return res;}

总结
  采用迭代法。

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