Ted Mosby - 一个MVP框架的软件架构

来源：互联网发布：单片机型号 - 百度编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/16 02:13

Ted Mosby - 软件架构

作者：Hannes Dorfmann
原文链接 : [http://hannesdorfmann.com/android/mosby/]
(http://hannesdorfmann.com/android/mosby/)
文章出自 : Android开发技术前线
译者 : Mr.Simple

我给这篇关于Android库的博客起的名字灵感来源于《老爸老妈浪漫史》中的建筑设计师Ted Mosby。这个Mosby库可以帮助大家在Android上通过Model-View-Presenter模式做出一个完善稳健、可重复使用的软件，还可以借助ViewState轻松实现屏幕翻转。

Model-View-Presenter (MVP)

MVP模式是一个把view从低层模型分离出来的一种现代模式。MVP由model–view–controller (MVC)软件模式衍生而来，常用于构建UI

MVP中的M（model）代表的是将会显示在view（UI）中的数据。
MVP中的V（view）是显示数据（model）并且将用户指令（events）传送到presenter以便作用于那些数据的一个接口。View通常含有Presenter的引用。
MVP中的P（presenter）扮演的是“中间人”的作用（就如MVC中的controller），且presenter同时引用view和model。值得注意的是，“Model”这个词并不正确。严格意义上来说，它指的应该是检索或控制一个Model的业务逻辑层。举个例子，比如你的数据库里面包含了User，而你的View想要显示一个User列表，那么Presenter会引用数据库中的业务逻辑层（比如DAO）从而查询到一个User列表。如图1-1.

从数据库中查询或显示User列表的具体流程如图1-2：

以上工作流程图应该能够说明问题了。但是，还有以下几点值得注意的地方：

Presenter不是一个OnClickListener。View主要是负责处理用户输入并调用presenter相应的方法。那么问题来了，为什么不把Presenter 直接做成一个OnClickListener，从而把“转发流程”给省略掉呢？大家想想，如果这样做的话，首先，presenter需要知道view的内部构件。举个例子，如果一个View有两个按钮，且这个view在这两个按钮上都把Presenter 注册成OnClickListener的话，那么发生点击事件时Presenter （在不知道view中按钮引用等内部构件的情况下）怎么能够区分出是哪一个按钮被点击了呢？Model，View和Presenter三者应解耦。其次，如果让Presenter 执行OnClickListener，Presenter就被绑定到了Android平台上。理论上来说presenter和业务逻辑层都是纯旧式的能够与桌面应用或其他任何java应用共享的java代码。
大家在第1步和第2步中可以看到，View 只执行Presenter 指示的操作：用户点击“load user button”（第1步）后，view并没有直接显示加载动画，而是在第2步presenter明确告诉其显示加载动画后才显示的。这一Model-View-Presenter的变体称之为MVP 被动视图。这个view可以说是要多笨有多笨。这时我们需要让presenter以一种更抽象的方式来控制view。比如，presenter在调用 view.showLoading() 时并不控制view的诸如动画等具体事项。所以presenter不应调用view.startAnimation() 等方法。
通过执行MVP被动视图，并发性以及多线程更容易处理。大家可以看到，第3步中数据库查询异步运行，并且presenter作为Listener/Observer，在数据准备显示时presenter收到通知。

Android上的MVP

目前为止一切顺利。但是大家怎么样把MVP运用到自己的Android 应用上呢？第一个问题在于，我们要把MVP模式运用到什么地方？Activity上、Fragment上、还是像RelativeLayout这类的ViewGroup上？我们来看看Android平板上的Gmail应用，如图1-3：

在我看来，上图屏幕中有四个可以使用MVP的地方。我所说的“可以使用MVP的地方”是指屏幕上显示的、在逻辑上属于一个整体的UI元素。因此这些地方也可以称为是可以运用MVP的一个单独的UI单元。如图 1-4.

看起来MVP似乎很适合运用到Activity，特别是Fragment上。通常Fragment只负责显示单一的如ListView之类的内容，就像依靠MailProvider 来获取一系列Mails的InboxPresenter 控制下的 InboxView一样。但是，MVP不仅仅限于Fragment或Activity，它还可以运用到SearchView中显示的ViewGroup中。在我的大多数app里面我都在Fragment运用MVP模式。但是大家可以自行决定把MVP运用到什么地方，前提是view是独立的，这样这样presenter才能在不与其他Presenter冲突的情况下控制View。

我们为什么要实现MVP？

我们如何在不使用MVP模式时显示Email列表到Fragment? 通常，我们需要获取并且合并本地SQL数据库和从IMAP邮件服务器获取的邮件列表，然后将邮件列表绑定到收件箱view中。那么，此时fragment的代码又会是怎么样的呢？我们需要运行两个AsyncTasks 并实现一个“等待机制”（等到两个任务将两者的加载数据合并到一个单独的mail列表）。我们还需要注意的是在加载时要显示加载动画（ProgressBar），之后用ListView替代。我们需要把所有的代码放到Fragment中吗？要是加载过程中出现错误怎么办？屏幕翻转怎么办？谁来负责撤销AsyncTasks ？这一系列的问题都可以通过MVP得到解决。让我们跟那些带有上千行大杂烩代码的activity和fragment说拜拜吧

但是，在我们深入研究如何将MVP运用到Android中之前，我们需要弄清楚的一个问题是：Activity或Fragment究竟是一个View还是一个Presenter。Activity或Fragment似乎既是View也是Presenter，因为它们都有 onCreate() 或onDestroy()之类的生命周期回调功能，并且它们负责从一个UI控件到另一个UI 控件的转换（比如在加载时显示ProgressBar，然后显示带有数据的ListView）等View操作。大家可能会觉得这里的Activity或Fragment就是一个Controller，我猜可能也是这么一个初衷。但是在经历了几年的Android应用开发之后，我得出这么一个结论：我们应该把Activity或Fragment看作是一个不太智能的View，而不是把它们看作一个Presenter。后文我会给出原因。

综上，我想给大家介绍一个在Android平台上开发基于MVP的应用的一个 Mosby库。
Mosby

大家可以在Github和Maven Central上找到Mosby库。Mosby分为几个子模块，大家可以根据自己的需要选取组件。我们来回顾一下最重要的一个模块。

核心模块 ( Core Module)

《老爸老妈浪漫史》中的建筑设计师Ted Mosby想建造一栋摩天大楼。而建造这样一栋宏伟的建筑必须打好坚实的地基。这对Android应用的开发来说是也是一样的道理。基本上，Core Module 分为两种类型：MosbyActivity 和MosbyFragment。这两者是所有其他activity或fragment子类的基类（相当于建筑的地基）。两者都使用我们大家所熟知的APT （Annotation Processing Tool）来减少一些样板式代码。MosbyActivity 和MosbyFragment 使用Butterknife进行view的注入，使用Icepick 将实例状态保存和存储到Bundle中，使用FragmentArgs注入Fragment参数。我们不需要再调用Butterknife.inject(this)等插入方法。这类代码已经包含在了MosbyActivity 和 MosbyFragment中。它是即时可用的。我们需要做的就是使用子类中相应的注解。核心模块与MVP没有关联，它只是写一个大型软件的基础。

MVP模块( MVP Module )

Mosby库中的MVP模块使用泛型来确保类型安全。所有view的基类是MvpView。从根本上说这只是一个空的interface 。Presenter的基类是MvpPresenter：

<code class="hljs axapta has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpView</span>{</span>}<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpPresenter</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">V</span> <span class="hljs-inheritance" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span></span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpView</span>>{</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> attachView(V view);    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> detachView(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> retainInstance);}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

上文提到，我们把Activity和Fragment看做View。因此Mosby库的MVP模块提供了属于MvpViews 的MvpActivity和MvpFragment作为Activity和Fragment的基类。

<code class="hljs axapta has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpActivity</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">P</span> <span class="hljs-inheritance" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span></span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpPresenter</span>> <span class="hljs-inheritance" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span></span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MosbyActivity</span> <span class="hljs-inheritance" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span></span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpView</span>{</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> P presenter;    @Override  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        presenter = createPresenter();        presenter.attachView(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>);        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onDestroy();        presenter.detachView(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>);    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">abstract</span> PcreatePresenter();}<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpFragment</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">P</span> <span class="hljs-inheritance" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span></span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpPresenter</span>> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MosbyFragment</span> <span class="hljs-inheritance" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span></span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpView</span>{</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> Ppresenter;    @Override <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> onViewCreated(View view,@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onViewCreated(view,savedInstanceState);        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Create the presenter if needed</span>        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(presenter == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>){            presenter = createPresenter();        }        presenter.attachView(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>);    }    @Override <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> onDestroyView(){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onDestroyView();        presenter.detachView(getRetainInstance());    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">abstract</span> PcreatePresenter();    }}@Override <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> onDestroy(){</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li></ul>

这一理念主要是一个MvpView (也就是Fragment or Activity)会关联一个MvpPresenter，并且管理MbpPresenter的声明周期。大家从上面的代码片段可以看到，Mosby使用Activity和Fragement生命周期来实现这一目的。通常presenter是绑定在该生命周期上的。所以初始化或者清理一些东西等操作（例如撤销异步运行任务）应该在 presenter.onAttach()和 presenter.onDetach()上进行。我们稍后会谈到presenter如何使用setRetainInstanceState(true) “避开”Fragment中的生命周期。我相信大家也注意到了， MvpPresenter是一个interface 。MVP模块提供一个MvpBasePresenter，这个MvpBasePresenter只持有View（是一个Fragment或Activity）的弱引用，从而避免内存泄露。因此，当presenter想要调用view方法时，我们需要查看isViewAttached() 并使用getView()来获取引用，以检查view是否连接到了presenter。

Loading-Content-Error (LCE)

通常Fragment会一直重复做某一件事。它在后台加载数据，同时显示加载view（即ProgressBar），并在屏幕上显示加载的数据，或者当加载失败时显示view错误。如今，下拉刷新支持很容易实现，因为SwipeRefreshLayout是Android支持库的组成部分。为了避免重复执行这一工作流，Mosby库的MVP模块提供了MvpLceView。

<code class="hljs scala has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">public interface MvpLceView<M> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> MvpView{    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**       * 显示一个加载中的视图       * loading view 必须有个id 为 R.id.loadingView的View       * <span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@param</span> pullToRefresh 如果是true,那么表示下拉刷新被触发了       */</span>    public void showLoading(boolean pullToRefresh);    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**       * 显示 content view.       * <content view 的id必须是R.id.contentView       */</span>    public void showContent();    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**       * 显示错误信息       * <span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@param</span> e The Throwable that has caused this error       * <span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@param</span> pullToRefresh true, if the exception was thrown during pull-to-refresh, otherwise       * false.       */</span>    public void showError(Throwable e,boolean pullToRefresh);    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**       * The data that should be displayed with {<span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@link</span> #showContent()}       */</span>    public void setData(M data);}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li></ul>

针对那种类型的view我们可以采用 MvpLceActivity implements MvpLceView 和 MvpLceFragment implements MvpLceView。两者均假设解析的xml布局包括了含有R.id.loadingView,R.id.contentView和R.id.errorView的view。

示例
接下来要举的例子Github上也有中，我们使用CountriesAsyncLoader加载一系列的Country，并将其显示在Fragment的RecyclerView中。大家可以从这个链接 https://db.tt/ycrCwt1L下载。

首先我们要定义CountriesView这一view interface 。

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">CountriesView</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpLceView</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">List</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Country</span>>>{</span>}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

为什么要为View定义接口呢？
1.因为定义了这个接口之后我们可以更改view的实现。我们可以简单地把代码从一个继承自 Activity的实现转移到继承自 Fragment的实现。

2.模块性：我们可以移动独立的库项目中的整个业务逻辑层、Presenter以及View 接口，然后把这个包含了Presenter的库应用到各类app当中。下图中左侧是使用了嵌入在ViewPager中的Activity的kicker app，以及使用嵌入在ViewPager中的Fragment的meinVerein app，如图1-5。两者采用的是同一个定义了View接口和Presenter且测试了单元的库。

由于我们可以通过执行view接口来模拟view，所以我们可以很容易地编写单元测试。还有一个更简单的方法就是在presenter中引入java接口并使用模拟presenter对象来编写单元测试。
还有一个良性副作用就是，定义了view接口之后，我们不用直接从presenter再回调activity/fragment方法。我们这样区分开来是因为在执行presenter时我们在IDE自动完成上看到的方法只是关于view接口的方法。就我个人体会来说，我觉得这个方法非常有用，特别是团队一起工作的时候。需要注意的是，除了定义一个CountriesView接口之外，我们还可以采用MvpLceView

<code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">FrameLayoutxmlns:android="http:</span>//<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">schemas.android.com</span>/<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">apk</span>/<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">res</span>/<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android</span>"<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>></span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- Loading View --></span>    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">ProgressBar</span>    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/loadingView"</span>    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_gravity</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"center"</span>    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:indeterminate</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"true"</span>    /></span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- Content View --></span>    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout</span>    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/contentView"</span>    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>    ></span>    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/recyclerView"</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>    /></span>    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout</span>></span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- Error view --></span>    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">TextView</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/errorView"</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>    /></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">FrameLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li></ul>

CountriesPresenter控制CountriesView并运行CountriesAsyncLoader。

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">CountriesPresenter</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpBasePresenter</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">CountriesView</span>>{</span>    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>     <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">loadCountries</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> pullToRefresh){        getView().showLoading(pullToRefresh);        CountriesAsyncLoader countriesLoader = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> CountriesAsyncLoader(        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> CountriesAsyncLoader.CountriesLoaderListener(){        <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onSuccess</span>(List<Country> countries){            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(isViewAttached()){                getView().setData(countries);                getView().showContent();            }        }        <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onError</span>(Exception e){            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(isViewAttached()){                getView().showError(e,pullToRefresh);            }        }    });        countriesLoader.execute();    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li></ul>

实现CountriesView接口的CountriesFragment 如下所示：

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">CountriesFragment</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpLceFragment</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">SwipeRefreshLayout</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">List</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Country</span>>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">CountriesView</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">CountriesPresenter</span>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">CountriesView</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">SwipeRefreshLayout</span>.<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">OnRefreshListener</span>{</span>    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@InjectView</span>(R.id.recyclerView)RecyclerViewrecyclerView;    CountriesAdapteradapter;    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onViewCreated</span>(View view,@Nullable Bundle savedInstance){    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onViewCreated(view,savedInstance);        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Setup contentView == SwipeRefreshView</span>        contentView.setOnRefreshListener(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>);    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Setup recycler view</span>        adapter = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> CountriesAdapter(getActivity());        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> LinearLayoutManager(getActivity()));        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);        loadData(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>);    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">loadData</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> pullToRefresh){        presenter.loadCountries(pullToRefresh);    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> CountriesPresenter <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">createPresenter</span>(){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> SimpleCountriesPresenter();    }    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Just a shorthand that will be called in onCreateView()</span>    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getLayoutRes</span>(){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> R.layout.countries_list;    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setData</span>(List<Country> data){        adapter.setCountries(data);        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onRefresh</span>(){        loadData(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>);    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li></ul>

代码数量也并不是很多嘛，对吧？这是因为基类已经执行了从加载view到content view或error view的转换。我们可能第一眼看到那一列MvpLceFragment类属参数会觉得灰心。但是我要解释一下：第一种类属参数代表的是content view的类型；第二种是指以fragment显示的Model；第三种是View接口;最后一种是Presenter的类型。总结起来就是：MvpLceFragment

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> View <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreateView</span>(LayoutInflater inflater,ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState){    Return  inflater.inflate(getLayoutRes(),container,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>);}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

因此，我们不用重写onCreateView()，只需重写getLayoutRes()。一般来说，onCreateView()只能创建view而onViewCreated()需要被重写，以便为RecyclerView初始化Adapter等项。因此，千万不要忘记调用super.OnViewCreated()；

ViewState模块

看到这里大家应该大概了解了如何运用Mosby库。Mosby中的ViewState模块能帮助我们在Android开发中解决一些棘手的难题：处理屏幕旋转。

问：如果把正在运行country这个例子的app并显示了一列country的设备从横屏旋转到竖屏，会出现什么情况？

答：大家到这个视频链接https://youtu.be/9iSBGEIZmUw中看看，结果是一个新的 CountriesFragment会被实例化，app开始显示ProgressBar（并重新加载country列表）而不再在RecyclerView中显示country列表（屏幕旋转前的状态）

Mosby引入了ViewState来解决这个问题。原理就是，我们跟踪presenter从关联的View中调用的方法。比如，presenter调用的是view.showContent()，一旦showContent()被调用，view就会意识到其状态变更为“showing content”，从而view把这一信息存储到一个ViewState。如果view在方向改变过程中遭到破坏，那么ViewState 就会被存储到Activity.onSaveInstanceState(Bundle) 或 Fragment.onSaveInstanceState(Bundle)中，并在Activity.onCreate(Bundle) 或Fragment.onActivityCreated(Bundle)中修复。

由于不是每种数据都能存储在Bundle中，所以不同的数据类型采用不同的ViewState 实现：数据类型ArrayList采用ArrayListLceViewState；数据类型Parcelable 采用Parcelable DataLceViewState；数据类型Serializeable采用SerializeableLceViewState。如果使用的是一个可保持( Retaining )的Fragment，那么 ViewState在屏幕旋转时不会被破坏，所以也就不需要存储到Bundle中。因此，它可以存储任何类型的数据。在这种情况下，我们需要使用RetainingFragmentLceViewState。存储一个ViewState比较容易。由于我们的架构比较整洁，我们的View又有接口，ViewState 可以向presenter一样通过调用同样的接口方法来修复相关联的view。举个例子，MvpLceView一般有3种状态，即：显示showContent()，showLoading()和showError()，所以ViewState本身会调用相应的方法来修复view的状态。

那只是一些内部构件。如果大家想编写自定义的ViewState，了解以上内容就够了。ViewStates的使用非常简单。事实上，要把MvpLceFragment 迁移到MvpLceViewStateFragment ，我们只需要另外执行createViewState() 和 getData()。下面我们就在CountriesFragment中实践一下吧：

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">CountriesFragment</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpLceViewStateFragment</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">SwipeRefreshLayout</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">List</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Country</span>>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">CountriesView</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">CountriesPresenter</span>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">CountriesView</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">SwipeRefreshLayout</span>.<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">OnRefreshListener</span>{</span>    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@InjectView</span>(R.id.recyclerView)RecyclerView recyclerView;    CountriesAdapter adapter;    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> LceViewState<List<Country>,CountriesView> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">createViewState</span>(){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> RetainingFragmentLceViewState<List<Country>,CountriesView>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>);    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> List<Country> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getData</span>(){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> adapter == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>? <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> : adapter.getCountries();    }    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// The code below is the same as before</span>    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onViewCreated</span>(Viewview,@Nullable Bundle savedInstance){    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onViewCreated(view,savedInstance);    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Setup contentView == SwipeRefreshView</span>    contentView.setOnRefreshListener(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>);    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Setup recycler view</span>        adapter = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> CountriesAdapter(getActivity());        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> LinearLayoutManager(getActivity()));        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);        loadData(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>);    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">loadData</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> pullToRefresh){        presenter.loadCountries(pullToRefresh);    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> CountriesPresenter <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">createPresenter</span>(){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> SimpleCountriesPresenter();    }    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Just a shorthand that will be called in onCreateView()</span>    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getLayoutRes</span>(){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> R.layout.countries_list;    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setData</span>(List<Country> data){        adapter.setCountries(data);        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onRefresh</span>(){        loadData(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>);    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li></ul>

以上就是全部过程啦。我们不必更改presenter或其他代码。这里是一个关于我们的获得ViewState支持的CountriesFragment的视频。在这个视频中我们可以看到，view在方位转变之后仍然处于同样的“状态”，即，view横屏显示country列表，随后横屏显示country列表。View能横屏显示下拉刷新指示，变更为竖屏时也能显示。

自定义ViewState

ViewState确实是一个强大且灵活的概念。看到这里我相信大家都了解了LCE (Loading-Content-Error) ViewState的易用性。下面我们就一起来编写自己的View和ViewState吧。我们的View只显示两类不同的数据对象：A和B。结果应该像这个视频 https://youtu.be/9iSBGEIZmUw 中演示的这样：

大家心里肯定觉得，这也不怎么样啊！别介啊，我只是想演示一下创建自己的ViewState是一件多么容易的事。

View 接口和数据对象（model）如下所示：

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">A</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Parcelable</span> {</span>    String  name;    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">A</span>(String  name){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.name=name;    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String  <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getName</span>(){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> name;    }}<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">B</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Parcelable</span> {</span>    String  foo;    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">B</span>(String  foo){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.foo=foo;    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String  <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getFoo</span>(){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> foo;    }}<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyCustomView</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpView</span>{</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">showA</span>(A a);    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">showB</span>(B b);}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li></ul>

在这个简单的例子中我们没有加入业务逻辑层。因为我们假设在实际的app中如果有业务逻辑层的话会使整个生成A或B的操作变得复杂。Presenter如下所示：

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyCustomPresenter</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpBasePresenter</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyCustomView</span>>{</span>    Random random = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Random();    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">doA</span>(){        A a = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> A(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"My name is A "</span>+random.nextInt(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>));        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(isViewAttached()){            getView().showA(a);        }    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">doB</span>(){        B b = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> B(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"I am B "</span>+random.nextInt(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>));        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(isViewAttached()){            getView().showB(b);        }    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li></ul>

我们定义了实现了MyCustomView接口的MyCustomActivity。

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyCustomActivity</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MvpViewStateActivity</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyCustomPresenter</span>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyCustomView</span>{</span>    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@InjectView</span>(R.id.textViewA) TextViewaView;    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@InjectView</span>(R.id.textViewB) TextViewbView;    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>(Bundle savedInstanceState){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.my_custom_view);    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> RestoreableViewState <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">createViewState</span>(){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyCustomViewState();<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Our ViewState implementation</span>    }    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Will be called when no view state exist yet,</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// which is the case the first time MyCustomActivity starts</span>    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> onNew <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ViewStateInstance</span>(){        presenter.doA();    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> MyCustomPresenter <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">createPresenter</span>(){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyCustomPresenter();    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">showA</span>(A a){        MyCustomViewState vs = ((MyCustomViewState)viewState);        vs.setShowingA(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>);        vs.setData(a);        aView.setText(a.getName());        aView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);        bView.setVisibility(View.GONE);    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">showB</span>(B b){        MyCustomViewState vs=((MyCustomViewState)viewState);        vs.setShowingA(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>);        vs.setData(b);        bView.setText(b.getFoo());        aView.setVisibility(View.GONE);        bView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@OnClick</span>(R.id.loadA)<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onLoadAClicked</span>(){        presenter.doA();    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@OnClick</span>(R.id.loadB)<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onLoadBClicked</span>(){        presenter.doB();    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li></ul>

由于我们没有LCE(Loading-Content-Error)，所以不把 MvpLceActivity作为基类。我们采用的是最普遍的支持 ViewState的MvpViewStateActivity作为基类。基本上我们的View只显示aView 或 bView。

在onNew ViewStateInstance()中，我们需要明确在第一个Activity运行时需要做什么，因为先前并不存在ViewState 例子用于修复。在showA(A a) 和 showB(B b)中，我们需要将显示A 或 B的信息存储到ViewState。到这一步，我们就差不多完成了，现在只差MyCustomViewState执行这一步啦：

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">ublic class MyCustomViewState implements RestoreableViewState<MyCustomView>{    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span>  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> String  KEY_STATE=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"MyCustomViewState-flag"</span>;    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span>  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> String  KEY_DATA=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"MyCustomViewState-data"</span>;    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> showingA=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// if false, then show B</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> Parcelable  data;<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Can be A or B</span>    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">saveInstanceState</span>(Bundle out){        out.putBoolean (KEY_STATE,showingA);        out.putParcelable (KEY_DATA,data);    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">restoreInstanceState</span>(Bundle in){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(in==<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>){         <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;        }        showingA = in.getBoolean (KEY_STATE,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>);        data = in.getParcelable (KEY_DATA);        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;    }    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">apply</span>(MyCustomView view,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> retained){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(showingA){            view.showA((A)data);        }<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span>{            view.showB((B)data);        }    }    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**       *<span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"> @param</span> a true if showing a, false if showing b       */</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setShowingA</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> a){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.showingA=a;    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setData</span>(Parcelable data){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.data=data;    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li></ul>

大家可以看到，我们需要把ViewState保存到从Activity.onSaveInstanceState()调用的 saveInstanceState()中，并且在从Activity.onCreate()调用的restoreInstanceState()中修复viewstate的数据。apply()方法将会从Activity中调用以修复view state。我们像presenter一样通过调用同样的View interface 方法showA() 或 showB()来实现这一操作。

这个外部的ViewState把view state修复的复杂性和职责从Activity代码中剥离，并入到这个单独的类中。而编写ViewState类的单元测试要比Activity类的单元测试容易得多。

怎样处理后台线程？

通常，Presenter会管理后台线程。Presenter如何处理后台线程取决于它所关联的Activity或者Fragment ，具体分为两种情况：

可保持的Fragment : 如果你调用了Fragment的setRetainInstanceState(true)那么这个Fragment在屏幕旋转时就不会被销毁。只有该Fragment的GUI会被销毁，并且在屏幕旋转时重新调用onCreateView创建视图。这就是说当屏幕旋转时Fragment所有的成员成员变量和Presenter不会发生变化。在这个示例中，我们将新的视图关联到Presenter中。因此，Presenter不需要去掉任何正在运行中的后台任务，因为Presenter已经关联了新的视图。例如:

1.竖屏情况下启动应用
2.实例化Fragment时会调用onCreate()、onCreateView()、createPresenter(), 然后通过调用presenter的attachView()函数将View关联到Presenter中。
3. 下一步我们旋转手机屏幕，从竖屏切换到横屏；
4. 此时onDestroyView() 会调用，而onDestroyView() 又会调用presenter的detachView(true)函数。我们注意到detachView有个参数为true,这是告诉presenter这个Fragment是可持有的Fragment（否则这个参数应该为false）。通过这个参数，presenter就知道它不需要取消正在运行的后台任务；
5. 应用现在是横屏状态了，在旋转时onCreateView方法会被调用，但是createPresenter()函数不会被调用，因为我们会对presenter 进行不为空的判断，当presenter为空时才调用createPresenter()函数。而Fragment的setRetainInstanceState(true)会保持这个presenter对象，因此presenter此时不会被重新创建；
6. 在调用了presenter的attachView()之后新创建的View会被重新关联到presenter中。
7. ViewState会被恢复，但是没有后台任务会被取消，因此也没有后台任务需要重新启动。

Activity和不保持的Fragment :在这个示例中工作流非常的简单。所有的东西都会被销毁，包括presenter。因此presenter对象应该取消所有正在运行的任务。例如 :
我们采用非保持fragment在竖屏情况下启动app。

8.我们采用非保持fragment在竖屏情况下启动app。
9.Fragment被实例化之后，调用onCreate()， onCreateView()，和createPresenter()，然后通过调用presenter.attachView()将view（fragment）附着到presenter。
10.下一步我们旋转设备屏幕，从竖屏切换到横屏。
11.此时onDestroyView() 会调用，而onDestroyView() 又会调用presenter的detachView(true)函数。Presenter取消后台任务。
12. onSaveInstanceState(Bundle)被调用， ViewState被保存到Bundle中。
13. App现在出于横屏状态。新的Fragment被实例化并调用onCreate()，onCreateView()和 createPresenter()来创建一个新的presenter例子，通过调用presenter.attachView()将新的view附着到新的presenter
14. ViewState会从Bundle中恢复，且view的状态也会被恢复。如果ViewState是showLoading，那么presenter会重新启动后台线程来加载数据。
15. 以下是获得ViewState支持的Activity的生命周期图解，如图1-6：

以下是获得ViewState支持的Fragment的生命周期图解，如图 1-7：

Retrofit模块

Mosby提供了 LceRetrofitPresenter 和 LceCallback。为获得LCE方法showLoading(), showContent() 和 showError()支持的Retrofit编写presenter ，几行代码就能搞定。

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MembersPresenter</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">LceRetrofitPresenter</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MembersView</span>,<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">List</span><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">User</span>>>{</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span>  GithubApigithubApi;    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MembersPresenter</span>(GithubApi githubApi){        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.githubApi=githubApi;    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">loadSquareMembers</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> pullToRefresh){        githubApi.getMembers(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"square"</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> LceCallback(pullToRefresh));    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

Dagger模块

想在不依靠注入式的情况下写应用？Ted Mosby告诉你，这是行不通滴！Dagger是java依赖注入式框架最常用的方法，也是Android开发者们的心头好。Mosby支持Dagger1。Mosby通过一个叫做getObjectGraph()的方法提供Injector界面。通常，我们的应用模块非常广泛。要想轻松分享这一模块，我们需要把android.app.Application归入子类，使其执行Injector。之后所有的Activity和Fragment都可以通过调用getObjectGraph()来存取ObjectGraph，因为DaggerActivity and DaggerFragment也都是Injector。我们也可以通过重写Activity 或 Fragment中的 getObjcetGraph() ，从而调用plus(Module)以增加模块。我个人已经用到Dagger2了，它与Mosby也兼容。大家可以在Github上找到关于Dagger1 和 Dagger2的示例。点此这个链接https://db.tt/3fVqVdAzDagger1示例 apk；点此这个链接https://db.tt/z85y4fSYDagger2 示例 apk。

Rx模块

Observables赞爆了！现在稍微潮一点的小伙儿们都用RxJava了好吗！你猜结果怎么着？RxJava确实是太酷了！所以，Mosby给大家提供一个本质上是Subscriber的MvpLceRxPresenter，它能帮我们自动处理onNext()， onCompleted() 和 onError()并回调相应的LCE方法，比如showLoading(), shwoContent() 和 showError()。它还将 RxAndroid 附带到observerOn() Android主要 UI 线程。你可能觉得，要是用了RxJava的话就不再需要Model View Presenter了。呃，那只是你的一家之言。在我看来，把View和Model清晰地区分开来非常重要。而且我也认为其中的某些好用的功能在没有MVP的情况下不容易执行。最后，大家要是还想回到过去那个Activity和Fragment包含了上千条又臭又长的代码行时代，那么我祝你在面条式代码的地狱里过得愉快。好了，废话不多说，我介绍的方法不属于面条式代码是因为Observerables引入了一个结构齐整的工作流，把Activity或Fragment做成一个BLOB的想法已经近在咫尺了。

测试模块

大家可能注意到这里存在着一个测试模块。这个模块用于Mosby库的内部测试。但是，它也可以为我们自己的app所用。它使用Robolectric为我们的LCE Presenter， Activities 和 Fragments提供单元测试模板。它的基本功能是查看测试中的Presenter是否正确工作：通过观察presenter时候调用showLoading()，
showContent() 和 showError()。我们还可以验证setData()中的数据。所以我们可以为Presenter和底层编写类似黑匣子的测试。Mosby的测试模块也提供了测试MvpLceFragment 或 MvpLceActivity的可能性。它相当于一种“精简版”的UI 测试。这些测试通过查看xml布局是否包含R.id.loadingView， R.id.contentView 和R.id.errorView之类的指定id、loadingView是否可视，在加载view时，是否是错误的view可视、content view能否处理由setData()提交的已加载数据等方面来检验Fragment或Activity是否正常工作，是否遇到crashing。它和Espresso类的UI测试并不相同。我觉得没有必要为LCE View单独写一个UI 测试。

以下是Ted Mosby库的一些测试小建议：
1. 编写传统的单元测试来测试业务逻辑层和model。
2. 使用MvpLcePresenterTest来测试presenter。
3.使用MvpLceFragmentTest 和 MvpLceActivityTest来测试MvpLceFragment 和 Activity。
4.如果有必要，可以使用Espresso来编写UI测试。

测试模块尚未完成。大家可以看到这个模块是测试版，因为Robolectric 3.0还没完成，而且Android gradle plugin也没用完全支持传统的单元测试。android gradle plugin

1.2应该会好得多。Robolectric 和 androids gradle plugin可以用了之后我会再写一篇关于Mosby，Dagger，Retrofit和RxJava单元测试的博客。

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