python之WebSocket的开发

## websocket.py

import socketimport structimport hashlib,base64import threading,random#线程,套接字,哈希表,随机数#存放链接客户fd,元组connectionlist = {}#发送指定的消息def sendMessage(message):#对全局变量的引用global connectionlist#向客户端集合中每个成员发送消息# %:字符串合成# ,:字符串叠加for connection in connectionlist.values():connection.send("\x00%s\xFF" % message)#删除连接,从集合中删除连接对象item(建立一个连接追加到连接中)def deleteconnection(item):global connectionlistdel connectionlist['connection'+item]#定义WebSocket对象(基于线程对象)class WebSocket(threading.Thread):#def __init__(self,conn,index,name,remote, path="/"):#初始化线程threading.Thread.__init__(self)#初始化数据,全部存储到自己的数据结构中selfself.conn = connself.index = indexself.name = nameself.remote = remoteself.path = pathself.buffer = ""#运行线程def run(self):#Log输出,套接字index启动print 'Socket%s Start!' % self.indexheaders = {}#Socket是否握手的标志,初始化为false.self.handshaken = False#循环执行如下逻辑while True:#如果没有进行握手if self.handshaken == False:#Log输出,Socket x开始与远程客户y进行握手过程print 'Socket%s Start Handshaken with %s!' % (self.index,self.remote)#从客户端接受1kb数据，存放到buffer中self.buffer += self.conn.recv(1024)#如果接受数据中有\r\n\r\n的标志if self.buffer.find('\r\n\r\n') != -1:#按照这种标志分割一次,结果为：header data(网页的解析)#再对header 和 data部分进行单独的解析header, data = self.buffer.split('\r\n\r\n', 1)#对header进行分割后，取出后面的n-1个部分for line in header.split("\r\n")[1:]:#逐行的解析Request Header信息(Key,Value)key, value = line.split(": ", 1)#然后存放在一个Hash表中,方便访问headers[key] = value#人为定义Location的item的信息#构造location:ws://localhost/path ?headers["Location"] = "ws://%s%s" %(headers["Host"], self.path)print "Location:",headers["Location"]print "headers:",headers#取出其中两项信息key1 key2#key1 = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key1"]#key2 = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key2"]#Header解析完毕后，分析data部分#如果data部分长度小于8的话，从客户端那边接续接受数据使得data变为8字节if len(data) < 8:data += self.conn.recv(8-len(data))#将data的数据信息存放为key3变量(前面的第一个八个字节为key3)#key3 = data[:8]#将data后面的数据作为buffer进行存放self.buffer = data[8:]#根据key1,key2,key3产生token？#根据客户的key1、key2、8字节的关键字#产生一个16位的安全秘钥#old-Protocol#token = self.generate_token(key1, key2, key3)#new Protocoltoken = generate_token_2(self, key)#握手过程,服务器构建握手的信息,进行验证和匹配#Upgrade: WebSocket 表示为一个特殊的http请求,请求目的为从http协议升级到websocket协议handshake = '\HTTP/1.1 101 Web Socket Protocol Handshake\r\n\Upgrade: WebSocket\r\n\Connection: Upgrade\r\n\Sec-WebSocket-Origin: %s\r\n\Sec-WebSocket-Location: %s\r\n\r\n\' %(headers['Origin'], headers['Location'])#服务端发送握手数据 & 根据Key产生的Token值self.conn.send(handshake+token)#这个操作之后才设定为握手状态self.handshaken = True#Log输出状态：套接字x与客户y握手成功。print 'Socket%s Handshaken with %s success!' % (self.index,self.remote)#向全部连接客户端集合发送消息,(环境套接字x的到来)sendMessage('Welcome, '+self.name+' !')else:#如果已经握手#从客户端读取64字节的数据self.buffer += self.conn.recv(64)#如果数据中存在FF的标志，则按照此标志进行分解if self.buffer.find("\xFF")!=-1:#分解方式啥含义??s = self.buffer.split("\xFF")[0][1:]#如果消息是'终止',则打印Socket退出if s=='quit':print 'Socket%s Logout!' % (self.index)#全体同志Socket退出的状态(进行GUI更新准备)sendMessage(self.name+' Logout')#同时删除socket连接集合deleteconnection(str(self.index))#同时关闭对应的WebSocket连接(多线程关系)self.conn.close()breakelse:#否则输出,Socket x收到客户端的消息 yprint 'Socket%s Got msg:%s from %s!' % (self.index,s,self.remote)#向全体的客户端输出连接的信息sendMessage(self.name+':'+s)#Buffer信息再一次的清空self.buffer = ""def generate_token_2(self, key):        key = key + '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'        ser_key = hashlib.sha1(key).digest()        return base64.b64encode(ser_key)        def generate_token(self, key1, key2, key3):#list/tuple(ls)-list元组相互转换#这句话没看懂,如何理解key是否为数字num1 = int("".join([digit for digit in list(key1) if digit.isdigit()]))#解析key1中空格的个数spaces1 = len([char for char in list(key1) if char == " "])#解析后number2对象num2 = int("".join([digit for digit in list(key2) if digit.isdigit()]))#统计空格的个数?安全性验证spaces2 = len([char for char in list(key2) if char == " "])#按照一定的格式进行打包,然后进行网络传输(格式可以自己进行预订)#struck.pack：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b5039210100f1tu.htmlcombined = struct.pack(">II", num1/spaces1, num2/spaces2) + key3#对打包的值进行md5解码后,并返回二进制的形式##hexdigest() 为十六进制值，digest()为二进制值#处理MD5: http://wuqinzhong.blog.163.com/blog/static/4522231200942225810117/return hashlib.md5(combined).digest()#创建WebSocket服务器对象()class WebSocketServer(object):#初始化时,socket为空def __init__(self):self.socket = None#开启操作def begin(self):#服务器尽心启动Log输出print 'WebSocketServer Start!'#创建TCP的套接字,监听IP、Port#这里可以自己进行设置,最多可以收听50个请求客户self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)ip = 'localhost'port = 8080#print "WebServer is listening %s,%d" % ip,port#self.socket.bind(ip,port)self.socket.bind((ip,port))self.socket.listen(50)#声明全局连接集合global connectionlisti=0while True:#服务器响应请求,返回连接客户的信息(连接fd,客户地址)connection, address = self.socket.accept()#address信息中的第1个字符串为username对象username=address[0]#根据连接的客户信息,创建WebSocket对象(本质为一个线程)#连接后sockfd，连接index，用户名，地址newSocket = WebSocket(connection,i,username,address)#线程启动newSocket.start()#更新连接的集合(hash表的对应关系)-name->sockfdconnectionlist['connection'+str(i)]=connectioni = i + 1if __name__ == "__main__":server = WebSocketServer()server.begin()

## client.html页面

<html><head><title>WebSocket</title><style> html,body{font:normal 0.9em arial,helvetica;} #log {width:440px; height:200px; border:1px solid #7F9DB9; overflow:auto;} #msg {width:330px;}</style><script>var socket;function init(){  var host = "ws://127.0.0.1:8080/";  try{    socket = new WebSocket(host);    socket.onopen    = function(msg){ ; };    socket.onmessage = function(msg){ log(msg.data); };    socket.onclose   = function(msg){ log("Lose Connection!"); };  }  catch(ex){ log(ex); }  $("msg").focus();}function send(){  var txt,msg;  txt = $("msg");  msg = txt.value;  if(!msg){ alert("Message can not be empty"); return; }  txt.value="";  txt.focus();  try{ socket.send(msg); } catch(ex){ log(ex); }}window.onbeforeunload=function(){try{ socket.send('quit'); socket.close();socket=null;}catch(ex){ log(ex);}};function $(id){ return document.getElementById(id); }function log(msg){ $("log").innerHTML+="<br>"+msg; }function onkey(event){ if(event.keyCode==13){ send(); } }</script></head><body onload="init()"> <h3>WebSocket</h3> <br><br> <div id="log"></div> <input id="msg" type="textbox" onkeypress="onkey(event)"/> <button onclick="send()">发送</button></body></html>

## 用法说明

websocket.py

访问：http://localhost:8080/client.html