Android 网上下载图片 保存在文件中 更新listview

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在Android开发中我们经常有这样的需求,从服务器上下载xml或者JSON类型的数据,其中包括一些图片资源,本demo模拟了这个需求,从网络上加载XML资源,其中包括图片,我们要做的解析XML里面的数据,并且把图片缓存到本地一个cache目录里面,并且用一个自定义的Adapter去填充到LIstView,demo运行效果见下图:


通过这个demo,要学会有一下几点

1.怎么解析一个XML

2.demo中用到的缓存图片到本地一个临时目录的思想是怎样的?

3.AsyncTask类的使用,因为要去异步的加载数据,就必须开启线程,但是在开启线程的时有时候不能很好的控制线程的数量,线程数量太大的时候手机会很快被卡死 这里就采用AsynsTask类的去解决这个问题,这个类里面封装了线程池的技术,从而保证不会因开启过多的线程而消耗太多的资源

4.本demo中的Handler类的使用情况 5.自定义adapter的使用 

下面是demo中的Activity。

public class MainActivity extends Activity {protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT = 0;private ListView mListView;private MyContactAdapter mAdapter;private File cache;private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {if(msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT){List<Contact> contacts = (List<Contact>) msg.obj;mAdapter = new MyContactAdapter(getApplicationContext(),contacts,cache);mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);}};};    @Override    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.main);                mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);                //创建缓存目录,系统一运行就得创建缓存目录的,        cache = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "cache");                if(!cache.exists()){        cache.mkdirs();        }                //获取数据,主UI线程是不能做耗时操作的,所以启动子线程来做        new Thread(){        public void run() {        ContactService service = new ContactService();        List<Contact> contacts = null;try {contacts = service.getContactAll();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}//子线程通过Message对象封装信息,并且用初始化好的,//Handler对象的sendMessage()方法把数据发送到主线程中,从而达到更新UI主线程的目的        Message msg = new Message();        msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT;        msg.obj = contacts;        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);        };        }.start();    }        @Override    protected void onDestroy() {    super.onDestroy();    //清空缓存    File[] files = cache.listFiles();    for(File file :files){    file.delete();    }    cache.delete();    }}

 Activity中,注意以下几点,
1.初始化了一个缓存目录,这个目录最好是应用开启就去创建好,为手续缓存图片做准备,在这里把数据存放在SDCard上
2.要去服务器加载数据,这个耗时操作最好是去开启线程加载数据,加载完毕后去异步的更新UI线程,利用Handler机制能很好的解决这个问题,
3.最后退出应用的时候,要删掉缓存目录和目录里面的数据,避免给手机制造很多的垃圾文件

下面就是一个Service类了,

public class ContactService {/* * 从服务器上获取数据 */public List<Contact> getContactAll() throws Exception {List<Contact> contacts = null;String Parth = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/list.xml";URL url = new URL(Parth);HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();conn.setConnectTimeout(3000);conn.setRequestMethod("GET");if (conn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();// 这里获取数据直接放在XmlPullParser里面解析contacts = xmlParser(is);return contacts;} else {return null;}}// 这里并没有下载图片下来,而是把图片的地址保存下来了private List<Contact> xmlParser(InputStream is) throws Exception {List<Contact> contacts = null;Contact contact = null;XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();parser.setInput(is, "UTF-8");int eventType = parser.getEventType();while ((eventType = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {switch (eventType) {case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:if (parser.getName().equals("contacts")) {contacts = new ArrayList<Contact>();} else if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {contact = new Contact();contact.setId(Integer.valueOf(parser.getAttributeValue(0)));} else if (parser.getName().equals("name")) {contact.setName(parser.nextText());} else if (parser.getName().equals("image")) {contact.setImage(parser.getAttributeValue(0));}break;case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {contacts.add(contact);}break;}}return contacts;}/* * 从网络上获取图片,如果图片在本地存在的话就直接拿,如果不存在再去服务器上下载图片 * 这里的path是图片的地址 */public Uri getImageURI(String path, File cache) throws Exception {String name = MD5.getMD5(path) + path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("."));File file = new File(cache, name);// 如果图片存在本地缓存目录,则不去服务器下载 if (file.exists()) {return Uri.fromFile(file);//Uri.fromFile(path)这个方法能得到文件的URI} else {// 从网络上获取图片URL url = new URL(path);HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);conn.setRequestMethod("GET");conn.setDoInput(true);if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int len = 0;while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {fos.write(buffer, 0, len);}is.close();fos.close();// 返回一个URI对象return Uri.fromFile(file);}}return null;}}

Serivce类中,注意以下几点
1.HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();获取一个链接,从而进行通讯2.怎么利用XxmlPullPaser类去解析XML,从而把数据封装成对象
3.getImageURI(String path, File cache) 这个方法具体实现
4.Uri.fromFile(file);这个方法能够直接返回一个Uri来

下面是自定义的Adapter类,

public class MyContactAdapter extends BaseAdapter {protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE = 0;private Context context;private List<Contact> contacts;private File cache;private LayoutInflater mInflater;// 自己定义的构造函数public MyContactAdapter(Context context, List<Contact> contacts, File cache) {this.context = context;this.contacts = contacts;this.cache = cache;mInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);}@Overridepublic int getCount() {return contacts.size();}@Overridepublic Object getItem(int position) {return contacts.get(position);}@Overridepublic long getItemId(int position) {return position;}@Overridepublic View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {// 1获取item,再得到控件// 2 获取数据// 3绑定数据到itemView view = null;if (convertView != null) {view = convertView;} else {view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item, null);}ImageView iv_header = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_header);TextView tv_name = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);Contact contact = contacts.get(position);// 异步的加载图片 (线程池 + Handler ) ---> AsyncTaskasyncloadImage(iv_header, contact.image);tv_name.setText(contact.name);return view;}private void asyncloadImage(ImageView iv_header, String path) {ContactService service = new ContactService();AsyncImageTask task = new AsyncImageTask(service, iv_header);task.execute(path);}private final class AsyncImageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Uri> {private ContactService service;private ImageView iv_header;public AsyncImageTask(ContactService service, ImageView iv_header) {this.service = service;this.iv_header = iv_header;}// 后台运行的子线程子线程@Overrideprotected Uri doInBackground(String... params) {try {return service.getImageURI(params[0], cache);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;}// 这个放在在ui线程中执行@Overrideprotected void onPostExecute(Uri result) {super.onPostExecute(result); // 完成图片的绑定if (iv_header != null && result != null) {iv_header.setImageURI(result);}}}/** * 采用普通方式异步的加载图片 *//*private void asyncloadImage(final ImageView iv_header, final String path) {final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {@Overridepublic void handleMessage(Message msg) {super.handleMessage(msg);if (msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE) {Uri uri = (Uri) msg.obj;if (iv_header != null && uri != null) {iv_header.setImageURI(uri);}}}};// 子线程,开启子线程去下载或者去缓存目录找图片,并且返回图片在缓存目录的地址Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {ContactService service = new ContactService();try {//这个URI是图片下载到本地后的缓存目录中的URIUri uri = service.getImageURI(path, cache);Message msg = new Message();msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE;msg.obj = uri;mHandler.sendMessage(msg);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}};new Thread(runnable).start();}*/}

自定义Adapter中,我们要注意 AsyncImageTask这个类继承了AsyncTask类,AsyncTask是Android中常用来做异步任务的类,对线程池进行了封装,详细分析稍后再贴出一篇Blog。

下面是我们从服务器上获取并且解析的Xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><contacts><contact id="1"><name>张飞</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/mymyweb/images/1.gif"/></contact><contact id="2"><name>博文</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/2.gif"/></contact><contact id="3"><name>张天佑</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/3.gif"/></contact><contact id="4"><name>松德</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/4.gif"/></contact><contact id="5"><name>赵薇</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/5.gif"/></contact><contact id="6"><name>李静</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/6.gif"/></contact><contact id="7"><name>李明</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/7.gif"/></contact><contact id="8"><name>黎明</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/8.gif"/></contact><contact id="9"><name>秦桧</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/9.gif"/></contact><contact id="10"><name>朱德</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/10.gif"/></contact><contact id="11"><name>冯巩</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/11.gif"/></contact><contact id="12"><name>dylan</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/12.gif"/></contact><contact id="13"><name>黄单</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/13.gif"/></contact><contact id="14"><name>含蕊</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/14.gif"/></contact><contact id="15"><name>欣琪</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/15.jpg"/></contact><contact id="16"><name>李忠华</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/16.jpg"/></contact><contact id="17"><name>方产员</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/17.jpg"/></contact><contact id="18"><name>张光</name><image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/18.jpg"/></contact></contacts>
本demo中为了安全起见,还对下载下来的图片的文件名进行了MD5加密,下面是MD5加密的代码,
public class MD5 {public static String getMD5(String content) {try {MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");digest.update(content.getBytes());return getHashString(digest);} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;}    private static String getHashString(MessageDigest digest) {        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();        for (byte b : digest.digest()) {            builder.append(Integer.toHexString((b >> 4) & 0xf));            builder.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xf));        }        return builder.toString();    }}
以上省略了Contact.java这个domain类,通过这个demo,可以看出Android中会经常需要进行异步任务的处理,所以我们会常常用到自己手动开启线程,handler机制,或者AsyncTask类等手段来保证应用的性能。



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