JAVA发送HttpClient请求及接收请求结果过程
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一.
1、写一个HttpRequestUtils工具类,包括post请求和get请求
package
com.brainlong.framework.util.httpclient;
import
net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import
org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
import
org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import
org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import
org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import
org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import
org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import
org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import
org.slf4j.Logger;
import
org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.net.URLDecoder;
public
class
HttpRequestUtils {
private
static
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpRequestUtils.
class
);
//日志记录
/**
* httpPost
* @param url 路径
* @param jsonParam 参数
* @return
*/
public
static
JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam){
return
httpPost(url, jsonParam,
false
);
}
/**
* post请求
* @param url url地址
* @param jsonParam 参数
* @param noNeedResponse 不需要返回结果
* @return
*/
public
static
JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam,
boolean
noNeedResponse){
//post请求返回结果
DefaultHttpClient httpClient =
new
DefaultHttpClient();
JSONObject jsonResult =
null
;
HttpPost method =
new
HttpPost(url);
try
{
if
(
null
!= jsonParam) {
//解决中文乱码问题
StringEntity entity =
new
StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(),
"utf-8"
);
entity.setContentEncoding(
"UTF-8"
);
entity.setContentType(
"application/json"
);
method.setEntity(entity);
}
HttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(method);
url = URLDecoder.decode(url,
"UTF-8"
);
/**请求发送成功,并得到响应**/
if
(result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() ==
200
) {
String str =
""
;
try
{
/**读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据**/
str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity());
if
(noNeedResponse) {
return
null
;
}
/**把json字符串转换成json对象**/
jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(str);
}
catch
(Exception e) {
logger.error(
"post请求提交失败:"
+ url, e);
}
}
}
catch
(IOException e) {
logger.error(
"post请求提交失败:"
+ url, e);
}
return
jsonResult;
}
/**
* 发送get请求
* @param url 路径
* @return
*/
public
static
JSONObject httpGet(String url){
//get请求返回结果
JSONObject jsonResult =
null
;
try
{
DefaultHttpClient client =
new
DefaultHttpClient();
//发送get请求
HttpGet request =
new
HttpGet(url);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
/**请求发送成功,并得到响应**/
if
(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
/**读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据**/
String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
/**把json字符串转换成json对象**/
jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(strResult);
url = URLDecoder.decode(url,
"UTF-8"
);
}
else
{
logger.error(
"get请求提交失败:"
+ url);
}
}
catch
(IOException e) {
logger.error(
"get请求提交失败:"
+ url, e);
}
return
jsonResult;
}
}
2、写业务代码发送Http请求
3、MVC配置文件设置Controller扫描目录
<!-- 自动扫描且只扫描
@Controller
-->
<context:component-scan base-
package
=
"com.wiselong.multichannel"
use-
default
-filters=
"false"
>
<context:include-filter type=
"annotation"
expression=
"org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"
/>
</context:component-scan>
4、接收Http请求
接收post请求
@Controller
@RequestMapping
(value =
"/api/platform/exceptioncenter/exceptioninfo"
)
public
class
ExceptionInfoController {
//注入
@Autowired
private
ExceptionInfoBiz exceptionInfoBiz;
/**
* 创建异常信息请求
* @param requestBody 请求消息内容
* @param request 请求消息头
* @return jsonObject
*/
@RequestMapping
(
value=
"/create"
,
method = RequestMethod.POST
)
public
ModelAndView createExceptionInfo(
@RequestBody
String requestBody, HttpServletRequest request) {
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(requestBody);
ComExceptionInfo comExceptionInfo =
new
ComExceptionInfo();
comExceptionInfo.setProjectName(jsonObject.getString(
"projectName"
));
comExceptionInfo.setTagName(jsonObject.getString(
"tagName"
));
exceptionInfoBiz.insert(comExceptionInfo);
//返回请求结果
JSONObject result=
new
JSONObject();
result.put(
"success"
,
"true"
);
return
new
ModelAndView(
""
, ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonSuccess(result.toString()));
}
}
接收get请求
@Controller
@RequestMapping
(value=
"/api/platform/messagecenter/messages/sms"
)
public
class
SmsController {
@Autowired
SmsSendBiz smsSendBiz;
/**
* 接收手机号码和内容往短信发送表插入一条记录
* @param requestbody 请求消息内容
* @param request 请求消息头
* @return jsonObject
*/
@RequestMapping
(
value=
"/send"
,
method= RequestMethod.GET
)
public
ModelAndView sendSms(
@RequestBody
String requestbody, HttpServletRequest request) {
//获取请求URL及url后面传输的参数
String url = request.getRequestURL() +
"?"
+ request.getQueryString();
url = BuildRequestUrl.decodeUrl(url);
String telePhone = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request,
"telePhone"
);
String content = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request,
"content"
);
smsSendBiz.insertTtMsQuequ(telePhone,content);
return
new
ModelAndView(
""
, ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonResult(
""
,
true
));
}
}
get
import
java.io.BufferedReader;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.io.InputStream;
import
java.io.InputStreamReader;
import
org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import
org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod;
import
org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
public
class
H_client_get {
public
static
void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// new类对象
HttpClient client =
new
HttpClient();
// 使用 GET 方法 与URL服务器进行交互
// HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/regist.php?email=admin@admin.com&password=1234567&re_password=1234567&username=admin&nickname=管理员");
HttpMethod method =
new
GetMethod(
"http://192.168.111.128/bak/login.php?username="
);
// 使用 GET 方法 ,实行与url服务器连接
client.executeMethod(method);
// 数据流输出
// method.getResponseBodyAsStream 创建字节流对象为inputStream
InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream();
// InputStreamReader(inputStream)字节流转换成字符流 BufferedReader封装成带有缓冲的字符流对象了
BufferedReader br =
new
BufferedReader(
new
InputStreamReader(inputStream,
"UTF-8"
));
// StringBuffer是字符串变量,它的对象是可以扩充和修改的 创建一个空的StringBuffer类的对象
StringBuffer stringBuffer =
new
StringBuffer();
// 定义字符串常量
String str=
""
;
// br字符流赋值给str字符串常量 str不等于空 按行输出
while
((str = br.readLine()) !=
null
){
// StringBuffer 是字符串变量,它的对象是可以扩充和修改的 将str数据赋予 stringBuffer
stringBuffer .append(str );
}
// 按照字符串循环输出stringBuffer
System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());
// 关闭method 的 httpclient连接
method.releaseConnection();
}
}
post
import
java.io.BufferedReader;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.io.InputStream;
import
java.io.InputStreamReader;
import
org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import
org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
public
class
H_client_post {
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
IOException {
HttpClient client =
new
HttpClient();
PostMethod method =
new
PostMethod(
"http://192.168.111.128/bak/login_post.php"
);
//表单域的值,既post传入的key=value
NameValuePair[] date = {
new
NameValuePair(
"username"
,
"admin"
),
new
NameValuePair(
"password"
,
"123457"
)};
//method使用表单阈值
method.setRequestBody(date);
//提交表单
client.executeMethod(method);
//字符流转字节流 循环输出,同get解释
InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream();
BufferedReader br =
new
BufferedReader(
new
InputStreamReader(inputStream,
"UTF-8"
));
StringBuffer stringBuffer =
new
StringBuffer();
String str=
""
;
while
((str = br.readLine()) !=
null
){
stringBuffer .append(str );
}
System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());
method.releaseConnection();
}
}
Http协议的重要性相信不用我多说了,HttpClient相比传统JDK自带的URLConnection,增加了易用性和灵活性(具体区别,日后我们再讨论),它不仅是客户端发送Http请求变得容易,而且也方便了开发人员测试接口(基于Http协议的),即提高了开发的效率,也方便提高代码的健壮性。因此熟练掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修内容,掌握HttpClient后,相信对于Http协议的了解会更加深入。
一、简介
HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中,比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。
下载地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi
二、特性
1. 基于标准、纯净的java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1
2. 以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法(GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE)。
3. 支持HTTPS协议。
4. 通过Http代理建立透明的连接。
5. 利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。
6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。
7. 插件式的自定义认证方案。
8. 便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。
9. 连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数,同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数,发现并关闭过期的连接。
10. 自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
11. 插件式的自定义Cookie策略。
12. Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。
13. Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。
14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。
15. 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。
16. 设置连接超时的能力。
17. 实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。
18. 源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。
三、使用方法
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单,一般需要如下几步即可。
1. 创建HttpClient对象。
2. 创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
3. 如果需要发送请求参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数;对于HttpPost对象而言,也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接
四、实例
- package com.test;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
- import java.security.KeyManagementException;
- import java.security.KeyStore;
- import java.security.KeyStoreException;
- import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
- import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
- import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
- import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.ParseException;
- import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
- import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
- import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
- import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
- import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
- import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
- import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
- import org.junit.Test;
- public class HttpClientTest {
- @Test
- public void jUnitTest() {
- get();
- }
- /**
- * HttpClient连接SSL
- */
- public void ssl() {
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
- try {
- KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
- FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
- try {
- // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore
- trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());
- } catch (CertificateException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- instream.close();
- } catch (Exception ignore) {
- }
- }
- // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书
- SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
- // 只允许使用TLSv1协议
- SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,
- SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
- httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
- // 创建http请求(get方式)
- HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
- System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
- try {
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
- System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
- if (entity != null) {
- System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
- System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
- EntityUtils.consume(entity);
- }
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ParseException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- if (httpclient != null) {
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * post方式提交表单(模拟用户登录请求)
- */
- public void postForm() {
- // 创建默认的httpClient实例.
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- // 创建httppost
- HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
- // 创建参数队列
- List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
- formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));
- formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
- UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
- try {
- uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
- httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
- System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
- try {
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- if (entity != null) {
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- }
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 关闭连接,释放资源
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果
- */
- public void post() {
- // 创建默认的httpClient实例.
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- // 创建httppost
- HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
- // 创建参数队列
- List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
- formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));
- UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
- try {
- uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
- httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
- System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
- try {
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- if (entity != null) {
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- }
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 关闭连接,释放资源
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 发送 get请求
- */
- public void get() {
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- try {
- // 创建httpget.
- HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
- System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
- // 执行get请求.
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
- try {
- // 获取响应实体
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- // 打印响应状态
- System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
- if (entity != null) {
- // 打印响应内容长度
- System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
- // 打印响应内容
- System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
- }
- System.out.println("------------------------------------");
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ParseException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 关闭连接,释放资源
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 上传文件
- */
- public void upload() {
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- try {
- HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");
- FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
- StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
- HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();
- httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
- System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
- try {
- System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
- System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
- HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
- if (resEntity != null) {
- System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());
- }
- EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }</namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair>
- JAVA发送HttpClient请求及接收请求结果过程
- JAVA发送HttpClient请求及接收请求结果过程
- JAVA发送HttpClient请求及接收请求结果过程
- JAVA发送HttpClient请求及接收请求结果过程
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