20151206 Linux系统日常管理 (第一部分 top ,vmstat,ps，ptree，sar)

来源：互联网发布：怎么样做好淘宝店铺编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/04 19:01

Linux系统日常管理第一部分：主要工具

1.1监控系统状态 -w

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# w 系统负载 1分钟内；5分钟内；15分钟内；

16:02:39 up 17:25, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT

root tty1 - Wed21 6:30m 0.44s 0.44s -bash 本地登录

root pts/0 192.168.1.217 09:44 0.00s 1.58s 0.00s w 远程登录

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.2ab 压力测试工具（Apache自带的）

[root@niejicai-linux ~]#ab -n 10000 -c 100 ‘http://bbs.hh010.com/forum-143-1.html’

10000次；并发量为100

[root@niejicai-linux ~]#ab -n 10000 -c 100 ‘http://ww.ypl.cc/forum.php' (这里会去请求数据库），系统加载会很高！

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.3怎么去查看cpu信息

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor : 0（这个是总的核，有人问你cpu多少核直接回答这个就可以了）

vendor_id : GenuineIntel

cpu family : 6

model : 58

model name : Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU 1000M @ 1.80GHz

stepping : 9

microcode : 19

cpu MHz : 1795.979

cache size : 2048 KB

physical id : 0

siblings : 1

core id : 0 但是要真正的多少核，主要是看这里

cpu cores : 1

apicid : 0

initial apicid : 0

fdiv_bug : no

hlt_bug : no

f00f_bug : no

coma_bug : no

fpu : yes

fpu_exception : yes

cpuid level : 13

wp : yes

flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc up arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf unfair_spinlock pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt xsave hypervisor lahf_lm arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dts fsgsbase smep

bogomips : 3591.95

clflush size : 64

cache_alignment : 64

address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual

power management:

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'core id'

core id : 0

[root@niejicai-linux ~]#

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# uptime 启动时间

16:41:57 up 18:04, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.4 top

监控系统状态 – top

用于动态监控进程所占系统资源，每隔3秒变一次。

RES 这一项为进程所占内存大小，而 %MEM 为使用内存百分比。在 top状态下，按 “shift + m”, 可以按照内存使用大小排序。按数字 ‘1’ 可以列出各颗cpu的使用状态。

top -bn1 它表示非动态打印系统资源使用情况，可以用在shell脚本中

top -c 最右侧的命令可以显示更详细的信息

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# top

top - 16:43:28 up 18:05, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

Tasks: 94 total, 1 running, 93 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie僵尸

Cpu(s): 0.3%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st

内核进程处理过程需要等待的时间

Mem: 248724k total, 188352k used, 60372k free, 67940k buffers

内存总内存所使用的内存空闲的内存缓冲

Swap: 1048572k total, 0k used, 1048572k free, 65340k cached

缓存

列子：

cpu <------------->内存 <----------->硬盘

-----------> <------------

buffers cached

缓冲缓存

-------------------------------------------->硬盘

进程 user 实时优先级优先值虚拟内存真正内存共享内存状态 cpu使用率内存使用率时间命令

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

1551 root 20 0 38936 4204 3424 S 0.3 1.7 2:03.11 vmtoolsd

1 root 20 0 2900 1432 1208 S 0.0 0.6 0:02.39 init

2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd

3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0

4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.51 ksoftirqd/0

5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 stopper/0

6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.90 watchdog/0

7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.81 events/0

8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0

9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_long/0

10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_power_ef

11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cgroup

12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper

13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns

14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr

15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# top 然后按照”1“，就可以列出cpu的所有核数的具体情况！

top - 17:03:01 up 18:25, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

Tasks: 94 total, 1 running, 93 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

Cpu0 : 0.0%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st

Mem: 248724k total, 188592k used, 60132k free, 68236k buffers

Swap: 1048572k total, 0k used, 1048572k free, 65348k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

1551 root 20 0 38936 4204 3424 S 0.3 1.7 2:04.81 vmtoolsd

1 root 20 0 2900 1432 1208 S 0.0 0.6 0:02.39 init

2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd

3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0

4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.52 ksoftirqd/0

5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 stopper/0

6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.91 watchdog/0

7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.88 events/0

8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/0

9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_long/0

10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events_power_ef

11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cgroup

12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper

13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns

14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr

15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.5 vmstat

vmstat各指标含义：

r ：表示运行和等待cpu时间片的进程数，如果长期大于服务器cpu的个数，则说明cpu不够用了；

b ：表示等待资源的进程数，比如等待I/O, 内存等，这列的值如果长时间大于1，则需要关注一下了

si ：由交换区进入内存的数量；

so ：由内存进入交换区的数量；

bi ：从块设备读取数据的量（读磁盘）；

bo：从块设备写入数据的量（写磁盘）；

in : 每秒的中断次数，包含时钟中断；

cs : 每秒的上下文切换次数；

wa ：表示I/O等待所占用cpu时间百分比.

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# vmstat 1

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----

r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st

0 0 0 58812 69088 65628 0 0 2 1 22 31 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69088 65628 0 0 0 0 24 32 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69096 65620 0 0 0 36 38 44 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69096 65628 0 0 0 0 25 32 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69096 65628 0 0 0 0 21 30 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69096 65628 0 0 0 0 26 33 0 1 99 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69096 65628 0 0 0 0 26 34 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65624 0 0 0 36 28 41 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 0 23 30 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 0 24 32 0 1 99 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 68 38 42 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 0 33 32 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 0 22 28 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 0 24 31 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 0 21 30 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 0 28 34 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 0 28 35 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 0 25 30 0 1 99 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 0 26 30 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 58804 69104 65628 0 0 0 0 25 33 0 0 100 0 0

测试一下b的值（堵塞）

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/1.log bs=1M count=1000 &

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.6ps

ps 查看系统进程

ps aux / ps -elf

PID ：进程的id，这个id很有用，在linux中内核管理进程就得靠pid来识别和管理某一个程，比如我想终止某一个进

程，则用 ‘kill 进程的pid’ 有时并不能杀掉，则需要加一个-9选项了 kill -9 进程pid

STAT ：表示进程的状态，进程状态分为以下几种

D 不能中断的进程（通常为IO）

R 正在运行中的进程

S 已经中断的进程，系统中大部分进程都是这个状态

T 已经停止或者暂停的进程，如果我们正在运行一个命令，比如说 sleep 10 如果我们按一下ctrl -z 让他暂停，那

么我们用ps查看就会显示T这个状态

X 已经死掉的进程（这个从来不会出现）

Z 僵尸进程，杀不掉，打不死的垃圾进程，占系统一小点资源，不过没有关系。如果太多，就有问题了。

< 高优先级进程

N 低优先级进程

L 在内存中被锁了内存分页

s 主进程

l 多线程进程

+ 在前台的进程

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# ps -l

F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD

4 S 0 6449 6447 0 80 0 - 1315 - pts/0 00:00:00 bash

4 R 0 6512 6449 0 80 0 - 1221 - pts/0 00:00:00 ps

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# ps aux

USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND

root 1 0.0 0.5 2900 1320 ? Ss Dec05 0:02 /sbin/init

root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Dec05 0:00 [kthreadd]

root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Dec05 0:00 [migration/0]

root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Dec05 0:01 [ksoftirqd/0]

root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Dec05 0:00 [stopper/0]

root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Dec05 0:06 [watchdog/0]

root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Dec05 0:09 [events/0]

root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Dec05 0:00 [events/0]

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.7 pstree

pstree 树形显示所有进程

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# pstree

init─┬─NetworkManager

├─abrtd

├─acpid

├─atd

├─auditd───{auditd}

├─console-kit-dae───63*[{console-kit-da}]

├─crond

├─cupsd

├─dbus-daemon

├─hald─┬─hald-runner─┬─hald-addon-acpi

│ │ └─hald-addon-inpu

│ └─{hald}

├─login───bash───ping

├─master─┬─pickup

│ └─qmgr

├─5*[mingetty]

├─modem-manager

├─polkitd

├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}]

├─sshd─┬─sshd───bash

│ └─sshd───bash───pstree

├─udevd───2*[udevd]

├─vmtoolsd───{vmtoolsd}

├─vmware-vmblock-───2*[{vmware-vmblock}]

└─wpa_supplicant

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# free

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 248724 127088 121636 212 46152 27336

-/+ buffers/cache: 53600 195124

Swap: 1048572 0 1048572

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 242 124 118 0 45 26

-/+ buffers/cache: 52 190 （真正所剩余的内存大小）

Swap: 1023 0 1023

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# free -g

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 0 0 0 0 0 0

-/+ buffers/cache: 0 0

Swap: 0 0 0

[root@niejicai-linux ~]#

真正剩余的内存=cached +buffers+free

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.8 nestat

netstat 查看网络状况

netstat -lnp 查看当前系统开启的端口以及socket

netstat -an 查看当前系统所有的连接

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# netstat -lnp (监听端口）以及监听所有端口的ip

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2102/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1952/cupsd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2268/master

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 2102/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1952/cupsd

tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2268/master

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:* 1952/cupsd

raw 1032 0 0.0.0.0:1 0.0.0.0:* 7 6443/ping

Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)

Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10795 1999/hald @/var/run/hald/dbus-JFFm4yJQPb

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10790 1999/hald @/var/run/hald/dbus-d1xNzwDZE6

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10525 1915/dbus-daemon /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10690 1952/cupsd /var/run/cups/cups.sock

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11617 2268/master public/cleanup

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11624 2268/master private/tlsmgr

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7374 1/init @/com/ubuntu/upstart

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11628 2268/master private/rewrite

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11632 2268/master private/bounce

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11636 2268/master private/defer

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11640 2268/master private/trace

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11644 2268/master private/verify

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11648 2268/master public/flush

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11652 2268/master private/proxymap

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11656 2268/master private/proxywrite

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11777 2297/abrtd /var/run/abrt/abrt.socket

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11660 2268/master private/smtp

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11664 2268/master private/relay

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11668 2268/master public/showq

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11672 2268/master private/error

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11676 2268/master private/retry

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11680 2268/master private/discard

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11684 2268/master private/local

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11688 2268/master private/virtual

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11692 2268/master private/lmtp

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11696 2268/master private/anvil

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11700 2268/master private/scache

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10757 1987/acpid /var/run/acpid.socket

[root@niejicai-linux ~]#

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# netstat -lnpt

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2102/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1952/cupsd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2268/master

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 2102/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1952/cupsd

tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2268/master

[root@niejicai-linux ~]#

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# netstat -an (查看系统所有的TCP/ip的连接状态）

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 192.168.0.218:22 192.168.0.217:49747 ESTABLISHED

tcp 0 0 192.168.0.218:22 192.168.0.217:51720 ESTABLISHED

tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN

udp 0 0 192.168.0.218:57949 211.138.245.180:53 ESTABLISHED

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:*

raw 1032 0 0.0.0.0:1 0.0.0.0:* 7

Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)

Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10795 @/var/run/hald/dbus-JFFm4yJQPb

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10790 @/var/run/hald/dbus-d1xNzwDZE6

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10525 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10690 /var/run/cups/cups.sock

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11617 public/cleanup

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11624 private/tlsmgr

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7374 @/com/ubuntu/upstart

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11628 private/rewrite

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11632 private/bounce

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11636 private/defer

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11640 private/trace

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11644 private/verify

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11648 public/flush

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11652 private/proxymap

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11656 private/proxywrite

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11777 /var/run/abrt/abrt.socket

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11660 private/smtp

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11664 private/relay

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11668 public/showq

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11672 private/error

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11676 private/retry

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11680 private/discard

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11684 private/local

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11688 private/virtual

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11692 private/lmtp

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11696 private/anvil

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11700 private/scache

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10820 @/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 7779 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10757 /var/run/acpid.socket

unix 13 [ ] DGRAM 10416 /dev/log

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 117825

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 116275

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 115784

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 94189

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 23463 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 23462

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 23175 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 23174

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 23151 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 23150

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 23139 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 23138

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 23079 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 23078

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 11807

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 11779

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 11758

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11703

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11702

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11699

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11698

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11695

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11694

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11691

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11690

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11687

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11686

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11683

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11682

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11679

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11678

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11675

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11674

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11671

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11670

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11667

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11666

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11663

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11662

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11659

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11658

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11655

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11654

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11651

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11650

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11647

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11646

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11643

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11642

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11639

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11638

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11635

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11634

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11631

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11630

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11627

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11626

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11623

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11622

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11620

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11619

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11616

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11615

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11613

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11612

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 11572

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11149 /var/run/acpid.socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11148

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11141 @/var/run/hald/dbus-d1xNzwDZE6

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11140

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11039 @/var/run/hald/dbus-d1xNzwDZE6

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11037

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10815 @/var/run/hald/dbus-JFFm4yJQPb

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10814

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10792 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10791

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10761

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10683 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10682

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10628 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10627

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10626

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10580 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10579

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10570 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10569

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10563

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10537 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10536

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10530

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10529

unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 7800

unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 7799

[root@niejicai-linux ~]#

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# netstat -an | wc -l

139 （这个数字很小说明很闲。65535（就要考虑加服务器了）

[root@niejicai-linux ~]#

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.9 sar

监控系统状态 – sar

没有这个命令，使用yum install -y sysstat

网卡流量 sar -n DEV, sar -n DEV 1 10

sar -n DEV -f /var/log/sa/sa24

查看历史负载 sar -q

查看磁盘读写 sar -b

测试：

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# sar -n DEV 1 10 (查看网卡流量）最常用的选项！

Linux 2.6.32-573.7.1.el6.i686 (niejicai-linux) 12/06/2015 _i686_ (1 CPU)

06:15:21 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

06:15:22 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:22 PM eth0 2.11 1.05 0.12 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:22 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

06:15:23 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:23 PM eth0 2.02 1.01 0.12 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:23 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

06:15:24 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:24 PM eth0 2.00 1.00 0.12 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:24 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

06:15:25 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:25 PM eth0 2.04 1.02 0.12 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:25 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

06:15:26 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:26 PM eth0 1.98 0.99 0.12 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:26 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

06:15:27 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:27 PM eth0 2.02 1.01 0.12 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:27 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

06:15:28 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:28 PM eth0 2.13 1.06 0.12 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:28 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

06:15:29 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:29 PM eth0 2.00 1.00 0.12 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:29 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

06:15:30 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:30 PM eth0 2.00 1.00 0.12 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:30 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

06:15:31 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:15:31 PM eth0 12.12 1.01 0.71 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00

Average: IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s

Average: lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Average: eth0 3.05 1.02 0.18 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00

[root@niejicai-linux ~]#

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# sar -q

Linux 2.6.32-573.7.1.el6.i686 (niejicai-linux) 12/06/2015 _i686_ (1 CPU)

05:40:05 PM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15

05:50:01 PM 0 169 0.00 0.02 0.00

06:00:01 PM 0 169 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:10:02 PM 0 170 0.00 0.00 0.00

06:20:01 PM 0 170 0.00 0.00 0.00

Average: 0 170 0.00 0.01 0.00

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# sar -q -f /var/log/sa/sa10 可以指定文件名，这里的10，表示10号的。

Linux 2.6.32-431.el6.i686 (localhost.localdomain) 11/10/2015 _i686_ (1 CPU)

06:26:24 PM LINUX RESTART

07:19:22 PM LINUX RESTART

04:00:01 PM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15

04:10:01 PM 0 159 0.25 0.06 0.15

Average: 0 159 0.25 0.06 0.15

04:10:38 PM LINUX RESTART

04:15:09 PM LINUX RESTART

04:20:11 PM LINUX RESTART

04:23:25 PM LINUX RESTART

04:28:35 PM LINUX RESTART

04:30:01 PM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15

04:40:02 PM 0 185 0.00 0.01 0.00

Average: 0 185 0.00 0.01 0.00

08:58:48 PM LINUX RESTART

09:01:25 PM LINUX RESTART

09:11:00 PM LINUX RESTART

09:20:01 PM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15

09:30:01 PM 0 185 0.00 0.00 0.00

09:40:02 PM 0 185 0.00 0.00 0.00

09:50:01 PM 0 185 0.00 0.00 0.00

10:00:01 PM 0 185 0.00 0.00 0.00

10:10:01 PM 0 186 0.00 0.00 0.00

10:20:01 PM 0 186 0.00 0.00 0.00

10:30:01 PM 0 186 0.00 0.00 0.00

10:40:02 PM 0 185 0.54 0.56 0.25

10:50:01 PM 0 185 0.00 0.06 0.11

11:00:01 PM 0 185 0.00 0.00 0.04

11:10:01 PM 0 185 0.00 0.00 0.00

11:20:01 PM 0 185 0.00 0.00 0.00

11:30:01 PM 0 185 0.00 0.00 0.00

Average: 0 185 0.04 0.05 0.03

10:00:20 AM LINUX RESTART

10:04:37 AM LINUX RESTART

10:10:33 AM LINUX RESTART

10:20:01 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15

10:30:01 AM 0 95 0.00 0.00 0.00

10:40:01 AM 0 95 0.00 0.00 0.00

10:50:01 AM 0 95 0.00 0.00 0.00

11:10:01 AM 0 93 0.00 0.02 0.01

11:20:01 AM 0 95 0.12 0.03 0.01

11:30:01 AM 0 95 0.00 0.00 0.00

Average: 0 95 0.02 0.01 0.00

11:32:04 AM LINUX RESTART

11:40:01 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15

11:50:01 AM 0 99 0.00 0.00 0.00

Average: 0 99 0.00 0.00 0.00

11:59:24 AM LINUX RESTART

[root@niejicai-linux ~]#

[root@niejicai-linux ~]# sar -b

Linux 2.6.32-573.7.1.el6.i686 (niejicai-linux) 12/06/2015 _i686_ (1 CPU)

05:40:05 PM tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s

05:50:01 PM 0.38 0.10 0.27 2.07 3.60

06:00:01 PM 0.17 0.01 0.16 0.11 1.99

06:10:02 PM 0.18 0.02 0.16 0.87 2.05

06:20:01 PM 0.43 0.21 0.21 4.97 3.44

Average: 0.29 0.08 0.20 2.00 2.77

0 0