RMAN 备份路径困惑(使用plus archivelog时)

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-- RMAN 备份困惑(使用plus archivelog)

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  最近RMAN备份时到一点疑惑。即使用plusarchivelog不管是使用format参数指定备份文件的路径还是使用configure配置RMAN备份,都不能

将数据文件和日志文件备份到同一路。在因以前使用RMAN备份,都是单独备份数据文件和日志文件,所以一直有在意这个问题。下面出具体事例。

 

一、指定备份径备份数归档日志

  RMAN> backupdatabase format'/u01/bk/bk_db_%U' plusarchivelog

 

  Starting backupat02-MAY-11

  currentlog archived

  allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=146 devtype=DISK

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingarchivelog backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingarchivelog(s)inbackupset

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=50 recid=10 stamp=750091269

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=51 recid=11 stamp=750091281

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=52 recid=12 stamp=750091286

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=53 recid=13 stamp=750092325

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=54 recid=14 stamp=750092487

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=55 recid=15 stamp=750093621

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=56 recid=16 stamp=750094799

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=57 recid=17 stamp=750095198

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=58 recid=18 stamp=750099671

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=59 recid=19 stamp=750099848

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=60 recid=20 stamp=750099945

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=61 recid=21 stamp=750103678

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ODBP/backupset/2011_05_02/          --归档日志放在了

     o1_mf_annnn_TAG20110502T180758_6vx0mzl2_.bkp tag=TAG20110502T180758comment=NONE

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:02

  Finished backupat02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backupat02-MAY-11

  using channel ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingfulldatafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingdatafile(s)in backupset

  input datafile fno=00001name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/system01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00002name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/undotbs01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00003name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/sysaux01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00004name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/users01.dbf

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1dmbbb40_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T180800comment=NONE        --据文件存放在了指定的路

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:45

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingfulldatafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingdatafile(s)in backupset

  input datafile fno=00001name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/system01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00002name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/undotbs01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00003name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/sysaux01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00004name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/users01.dbf

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ODBP/backupset/2011_05_02/        --据文件同也存放在了

     o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20110502T180800_6vx0og2z_.bkp tag=TAG20110502T180800comment=NONE

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:45

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingfulldatafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingdatafile(s)in backupset

  includingcurrent controlfilein backupset

  includingcurrentSPFILEin backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1fmbbb6r_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T180800comment=NONE       --控制文件和spfile存放到了指定路

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:02

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingfulldatafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingdatafile(s)in backupset

  includingcurrent controlfilein backupset

  includingcurrentSPFILEin backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ODBP/backupset/2011_05_02/       --控制文件和spfile也保存到了

     o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20110502T180800_6vx0pycl_.bkp tag=TAG20110502T180800comment=NONE

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:01

  Finished backupat02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backupat02-MAY-11

  currentlog archived

  using channel ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingarchivelog backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingarchivelog(s)inbackupset

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=62 recid=22 stamp=750103776

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ODBP/backupset/2011_05_02/      --归档日志放在了

    o1_mf_annnn_TAG20110502T180936_6vx0q1dg_.bkp tag=TAG20110502T180936comment=NONE

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:02

  Finished backupat02-MAY-11

 

--备份据文件、控制文件等信息

  [oracle@odbp 2011_05_02]$ ls -hltr

  total 703M

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4.5M May 2 18:08 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20110502T180758_6vx0mzl2_.bkp

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 691M May 2 18:09 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20110502T180800_6vx0og2z_.bkp

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.9M May 2 18:09 o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20110502T180800_6vx0pycl_.bkp

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 15K May  2 18:09 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20110502T180936_6vx0q1dg_.bkp

  [oracle@odbp 2011_05_02]$ ls -hltr /u01/bk

  total 698M

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 691M May 2 18:08 bk_db_1dmbbb40_1_1

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.9M May 2 18:09 bk_db_1fmbbb6r_1_1

 

上面的情况来看,

  1.指定了db_recovery_file_dest参数为 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area则归档日志被备份到此目

  2.参数db_recovery_file_dest参数为闪区时则数据文件控制文件及spfile被使用了备份                                                

 

 

--RMAN配置信息缺省,未做任何

  RMAN> showall;

 

  RMAN configuration parameters are:

  CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TOREDUNDANCY1; # default

  CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; #default

  CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPETODISK; # default

  CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; #default

  CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICETYPEDISKTO'%F'; # default

  CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPEDISK PARALLELISM1BACKUPTYPETO BACKUPSET; # default

  CONFIGURE DATAFILEBACKUP COPIESFOR DEVICETYPEDISKTO1; # default

  CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOGBACKUP COPIESFOR DEVICETYPEDISKTO1; # default

  CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TOUNLIMITED; #default

  CONFIGURE ENCRYPTIONFORDATABASEOFF; #default

  CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; #default

  CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TONONE; #default

  CONFIGURE SNAPSHOTCONTROLFILENAMETO'/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/snapcf_odbp.f'; # default

 

--db_recovery_file_dest参数置空

  SQL>altersystemset db_recovery_file_dest='';  

 

  System altered.

 

二、再次使用RMAN备份

  RMAN> backupdatabase format'/u01/bk/bk_db_%U' plusarchivelog;

 

  Starting backupat02-MAY-11

  currentlog archived

  using targetdatabase controlfileinsteadofrecovery catalog

  allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=138 devtype=DISK

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingarchivelog backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingarchivelog(s)inbackupset

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=50 recid=10 stamp=750091269

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=51 recid=11 stamp=750091281

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=52 recid=12 stamp=750091286

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=53 recid=13 stamp=750092325

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=54 recid=14 stamp=750092487

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=55 recid=15 stamp=750093621

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=56 recid=16 stamp=750094799

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=57 recid=17 stamp=750095198

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=58 recid=18 stamp=750099671

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=59 recid=19 stamp=750099848

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=60 recid=20 stamp=750099945

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=61 recid=21 stamp=750103678

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=62 recid=22 stamp=750103776

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=63 recid=23 stamp=750104981

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/1imbbccm_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T182942 comment=NONE--归档日志备份位于$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:02

  Finished backupat02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backupat02-MAY-11

  using channel ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingfulldatafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingdatafile(s)in backupset

  input datafile fno=00001name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/system01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00002name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/undotbs01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00003name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/sysaux01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00004name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/users01.dbf

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1jmbbcco_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T182944comment=NONE            --据文件存放在了指定的路

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:55

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingfulldatafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingdatafile(s)in backupset

  input datafile fno=00001name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/system01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00002name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/undotbs01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00003name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/sysaux01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00004name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/users01.dbf

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/1kmbbceg_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T182944 comment=NONE--据文件同也存放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:55

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingfulldatafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingdatafile(s)in backupset

  includingcurrent controlfilein backupset

  includingcurrentSPFILEin backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1lmbbcg7_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T182944comment=NONE            --控制文件及spfile备份位于指定路

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:05

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingfulldatafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingdatafile(s)in backupset

  includingcurrent controlfilein backupset

  includingcurrentSPFILEin backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/1mmbbcgc_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T182944 comment=NONE--归档日志文件备份位于$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:01

  Finished backupat02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backupat02-MAY-11

  currentlog archived

  using channel ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: startingarchivelog backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingarchivelog(s)inbackupset

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=64 recid=24 stamp=750105102

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11                        --控制文件及spfile也存放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/1nmbbcge_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T183142 comment=NONE

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:02

  Finished backupat02-MAY-11

 

上面的况来看,

  1.db_recovery_file_dest参数为值时则归档日志,控制文件及spfile备份$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

  2.据文件及控制文件同样实现备份,一位于$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下,一位于用指定路

 

三、如何将归档日志文件,控制文件,spfile文件以及据文件备份到同一路下,

 

  RMAN> run{

  2>allocate channel ch1 devicetypedisk;

  3>allocate channel ch2 devicetypedisk;

  4>backupdatabase format'/u01/bk/bk_db_%U'

  5> plusarchivelog format'/u01/bk/bk_lg_%U';

  6> release channel ch1;

  7> release channel ch2;}

 

  using targetdatabase controlfileinsteadofrecovery catalog

  allocated channel: ch1

  channel ch1: sid=141 devtype=DISK

 

  allocated channel: ch2

  channel ch2: sid=148 devtype=DISK

 

  Starting backupat02-MAY-11

  currentlog archived

  channel ch1: starting archivelog backupset

  channel ch1: specifying archivelog(s)inbackupset

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=59 recid=19 stamp=750099848

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=60 recid=20 stamp=750099945

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=61 recid=21 stamp=750103678

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=62 recid=22 stamp=750103776

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=63 recid=23 stamp=750104981

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=64 recid=24 stamp=750105102

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=65 recid=25 stamp=750767326

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=66 recid=26 stamp=750769794

  channel ch1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ch2: starting archivelog backupset

  channel ch2: specifying archivelog(s)inbackupset

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=50 recid=10 stamp=750091269

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=51 recid=11 stamp=750091281

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=52 recid=12 stamp=750091286

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=53 recid=13 stamp=750092325

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=54 recid=14 stamp=750092487

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=55 recid=15 stamp=750093621

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=56 recid=16 stamp=750094799

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=57 recid=17 stamp=750095198

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=58 recid=18 stamp=750099671

  channel ch2: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ch1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_lg_1ombvlk3_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110954comment=NONE    --归档日志存放到指定路

  channel ch1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:03

  channel ch2: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_lg_1pmbvlk3_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110954comment=NONE    --归档日志存放到指定路

  channel ch2: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:03

  Finished backupat02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backupat02-MAY-11

  channel ch1: starting fulldatafile backupset

  channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  input datafile fno=00001name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/system01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00003name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/sysaux01.dbf

  channel ch1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ch2: starting fulldatafile backupset

  channel ch2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  input datafile fno=00002name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/undotbs01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00004name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/users01.dbf

  channel ch2: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ch2: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1rmbvlk7_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110958comment=NONE    --据文件存放到指定路

  channel ch2: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:01:09

  channel ch2: starting fulldatafile backupset

  channel ch2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  includingcurrent controlfilein backupset

  channel ch2: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ch2: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1smbvlmd_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110958comment=NONE    --据文件存放到指定路

  channel ch2: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:07

  channel ch2: starting fulldatafile backupset

  channel ch2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  includingcurrentSPFILEin backupset

  channel ch2: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ch2: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1tmbvlml_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110958comment=NONE   --控制文件,spfile文件存放到指定路

  channel ch2: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:08

  channel ch1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1qmbvlk7_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110958comment=NONE

  channel ch1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:01:31

  Finished backupat02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backupat02-MAY-11

  currentlog archived

  channel ch1: starting archivelog backupset

  channel ch1: specifying archivelog(s)inbackupset

  input archivelogthread=1sequence=67 recid=27 stamp=750769890

  channel ch1: starting piece1at02-MAY-11

  channel ch1: finished piece1at02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_lg_1umbvln2_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T111130comment=NONE

  channel ch1: backupsetcomplete, elapsedtime:00:00:02

  Finished backupat02-MAY-11

 

  released channel: ch1

 

  released channel: ch2

 

四、总结RMAN备份

  1.在未通configure命令RMAN备份文件路以及未修改db_recovery_file_dest,且指定了format参数则备份据文件,参数文件,

    控制文件,采用了重保方式,一位于指定路,一位于缺省的。同时归档日志保存在

  2.一旦修改了db_recovery_file_dest至特定路同上述功能一,所不同的是存放到非缺省的

  3.db_recovery_file_dest值时,同使用重保,但些文件被放置到了$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下。

  4.使用了configure channel device typedisk format ='/u01/bk/db_%U'配置RMAN则对badkupdatabase plus archivelog样会

    述的情

  5.如果指定了configure channel devicetypedisk format ='/u01/bk/db_%U'则单独备份数据文件和日志文件不存在问题,都存放在指定路

  6.在同一命令完成(badkupdatabase plusarchivelog)需要单独指定据文件和日志文件的位置,如下方式:

    backupdatabase format'/u01/bk/bk_db_%U'

      plus archivelog format '/u01/bk/bk_lg_%U'

五、更多参考

 

有关性能优化请参考

Oracle 硬解析与软解析

共享池的调整与优化(Shared pool Tuning)

Buffer cache 的调整与优化(一)

Oracle 表缓存(caching table)的使用

 

有关闪回特性请参考

Oracle 闪回特性(FLASHBACK DATABASE)

Oracle 闪回特性(FLASHBACK DROP & RECYCLEBIN)

Oracle 闪回特性(Flashback Query、Flashback Table)

Oracle 闪回特性(Flashback Version、Flashback Transaction)

 

有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考

Oracle 冷备份

Oracle 热备份

Oracle 备份恢复概念

Oracle 实例恢复

Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理(详细描述了介质恢复及其处理)

 

有关RMAN的恢复与管理请参考

RMAN 概述及其体系结构

RMAN 配置、监控与管理

RMAN 备份详解

RMAN 还原与恢复

 

 

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