UI -知识点回顾一

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1.UIWindow

-(BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOption{

//UIWindow

//启动程序完成后，创建window

self.window = [UIWindow alloc]initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];

//给window设置背景色

self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

//指定KeyWindow，并设置可见

[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];}

//UI的窗口类, 用于显示界面, 一般一个应用至少要有一个window

//iOS中的空间都是矩形, 决定一个空间位置及大小, 用结构体CGRect

//CGPoint, 结构体, 用来存储x, y轴坐标

CGPoint point = CGPointMake(10, 20);

NSLog(@"%.2f, %.2f", point.x, point.y);

NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGPoint(point));

//CGSize, 结构体, 用于存储宽度和高度

CGSize size = CGSizeMake(200, 300);

NSLog(@"%.2f, %.2f", size.width, size.height);

NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGSize(size));

//CGRect, 结构体, 用于存储矩形的位置和大小

CGRect rect = CGRectMake(10, 20, 200, 300);

NSLog(@"%.2f, %.2f, %.2f, %.2f", rect.origin.x, rect.origin.y, rect.size.width, rect.size.height);

NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGRect(rect));

//[UIScreen mainScreen], 获取当前手机屏幕

//[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds], 获取当前手机屏幕大小

NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGRect([[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]));

//设置窗口背景色

self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

//设置为主窗口并显示

[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];

2.UIView

//UIView是UI中的视图类, 代表屏幕上的⼀个矩形区域, 在应用中显示的全部都是UIView或者是它的子类, 不同的控件代表不同种类的view

//创建一个UIView 在MRC模式下，需要手动释放

UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(30, 40, 50, 100)];

[self.window addSubview:view];//添加视图(添加到视图数组中)

view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];//修改颜色

[view release];//数组会保留一份, 所以可以直接release

UIView *view2 = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(285, 40, 50, 100)];

view2.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

[self.window addSubview:view2];

[view2 release];

UIView *view3 = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(30, 527, 50, 100)];

view3.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

[self.window addSubview:view3];

[view3 release];

UIView *view4 = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(285, 527, 50, 100)];

view4.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

[self.window addSubview:view4];

[view4 release];

NSLog(@"%@", self.window.subviews);

从父视图上移除视图

//(1)一个一个分别移除

[view removeFromSuperview];

[view2 removeFromSuperview];

[view3 removeFromSuperview];

[view4 removeFromSuperview];

//(2)一次性全部移除

for (UIView *tempView in self.window.subviews) {

[tempView removeFromSuperview];

}

NSLog(@"%@", self.window.subviews);

//父视图

NSLog(@"%@", view.superview);

//一个视图, 可以有多个子视图

//子视图数组

NSLog(@"%@", view.subviews);

//添加一个视图的步骤

//1.创建视图

//2.设置视图属性(背景颜色)

//3.添加的父视图

//4.释放内存

//获取视图的位置和大小

NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGRect(self.window.frame));

//假设有红色视图、绿色视图和蓝色视图

//创建红色视图

UIView *redView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 100)];

redView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

[self.window addSubview:redView];

redView.bounds = CGRectMake(10, 0, redView.bounds.size.width, redView.bounds.size.height);

//当一个view设置bounds时，会把自己当成一个容器，定义自己的界面的大小以及左上角的初始坐标当子视图添加到次试图时，会根据bounds指定的原点（0 ，0）计算frame，而非左上角。改变bounds改变的是子视图的位置

//创建绿色视图

UIView *greenView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100)];

greenView.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];

[self.window addSubview:greenView];

//红色视图提最前 bringSubviewToFront: 放最后：sendSubviewToBack：：交换

交交换exchangeSubviewAtIndex:3 withSubviewAtIndex:1

[self.window bringSubviewToFront:redView];

//创建蓝色视图

UIView *blueView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(80, 80, 100, 100)];

//添加子视图到某个位置

blueView.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];

[self.window insertSubview:blueView atIndex:1];//添加蓝色视图到某个位置

[self.window insertSubview:blueView aboveSubview:greenView];//添加蓝色视图到绿色视图上面

[self.window insertSubview:blueView belowSubview:redView];//添加蓝色视图到红色视图下面

[blueView release】；

3.UIColor

//颜色类

//UIView不设置背景色, 默认为clearColor

//自定义颜色

UIColor *customColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:100/255. green:100/255. blue:30/255. alpha:1.0];

self.window.backgroundColor = customColor;

//创建一个随机颜色的视图

for (NSInteger i = 0; i < 12; i++) {

UIView *tempView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(i*25, i*25, 100, 100)];

UIColor *tempColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:arc4random() *256 / 255. green:arc4random() % 256 / 255. blue:arc4random() % 256 / 255. alpha:0.56];

tempView.backgroundColor = tempColor;

[self.window addSubview:tempView];

[tempView release];

}

for (UIView *tempView in self.window.subviews) {

[tempView removeFromSuperview];

}

4.UIView的属性值

UIView *centerView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 200)];

//设置背景色

centerView.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];

//设置是否隐藏

centerView.hidden = NO;

//设置透明度

centerView.alpha = 0.5;

//设置frame

centerView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 188, 200, 200);

//注:一个视图的frame只能够整体修改

//如果想要单个修改, 必须新建一个对象才能完成

CGRect tempRect = centerView.frame;

tempRect.size.width = 300;

centerView.frame = tempRect;

//frame的坐标系是父视图的坐标系

//设置中心点

//(1)

centerView.center = CGPointMake(self.window.frame.size.width / 2.0, self.window.frame.size.height / 2.0);

//(2)

centerView.center = self.window.center;

[self.window addSubview:centerView];

[centerView release];

//中心点的坐标系是父视图的坐标系

//设置bounds, 它是这个视图在自身坐标系的位置和大小

NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGRect(centerView.bounds));

centerView.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 300, 300);

UIView *aView= [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 10, 50, 50)];

aView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

[centerView addSubview:aView];

[aView release];

//frame, center, bounds

//1.frame修改, 会影响到center和bounds

//2.center修改, 会影响frame, bounds不发生变化

//3.bounds修改, 会影响到frame和center

1.UILabel

// 标签视图, 主要用于显示文字

//UILabel继承于UIView

//(1)创建

//状态栏20, 20

UILabel *userLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 20, 335, 40)];

//(2)设置属性

userLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];

//设置文本

userLabel.text = @"登陆";

//设置字体样式

//系统字体(和加粗二选一)

userLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:25];

//系统字体加粗

userLabel.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:40];

//自定义文字样式

userLabel.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"" size:40];

//设置文本颜色

userLabel.textColor = [UIColor blackColor];

//设置行数, 默认是1, 0代表无限行

userLabel.numberOfLines = 0;

//设置文字对齐方式

userLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;

//设置文字阴影

userLabel.shadowColor = [UIColor grayColor];

//设置阴影偏移

userLabel.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(2, 2);

//文本大小适应label宽度

userLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = YES;

//字体大小, 缩放比率

userLabel.minimumScaleFactor = 0.5;

//(3)添加父视图

[self.window addSubview:userLabel];

//(4)释放

[userLabel release];

2.UITextField

//UITextFiled, 文本输入框, 用于输入和显示文字

//(1)创建

UITextField *userTextField = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 80, 335, 150)];

//(2)设置属性

userTextField.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];

//设置输入框的文本

userTextField.text = @"请输入用户名";

//设置占位符

userTextField.placeholder = @"请输入用户名";

//设置文本颜色

userTextField.textColor = [UIColor redColor];

//设置文字样式

userTextField.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:50];

//获得支持的所有字体的类型

NSLog(@“%@“,[UIFont familyNames]);

//设置对齐方式

userTextField.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;

//设置输入框边框样式(和背景图无法同时存在)

userTextField.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect;

//输入框背景图

userTextField.background = [UIImage imageNamed:@“11.png"];

//是否允许用户输入

userTextField.enabled = YES;

//开始编辑文本时, 清空内容(和清空按钮二选一)

userTextField.clearsOnBeginEditing = YES;

//设置清空按钮

userTextField.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeWhileEditing/Always;

//设置输入安全

userTextField.secureTextEntry = YES;

//设置弹出键盘样式

userTextField.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypeDefault;

//设置return按钮样式

userTextField.returnKeyType = UIReturnKeyDone;

//设置代理

userTextField.delegate = self;

//输入视图

passWord1.inputView = view1; //软键盘消失，呈现view1

//辅助视图

passWord1.inputAccessoryView = view1;

passWord1.text = @"瞅你咋的";

//自定义键盘

//UIView *keyboardView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, self.window.frame.size.width, 280)];

//userTextField.inputView = keyboardView;

//[keyboardView release];

//设置leftView

UIView *leftView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 60, 30)];

leftView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

userTextField.leftView = leftView;

[leftView release];

//设置leftView显示模式

userTextField.leftViewMode = UITextFieldViewModeAlways;

//(3)添加到父视图

[self.window addSubview:userTextField];

//4.释放

[userTextField release];

UIView *centerView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100)];

centerView.center = self.window.center;

centerView.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.800 green:1.000 blue:0.400 alpha:1.000];

//设置边框

centerView.layer.borderWidth = 10;

centerView.layer.borderColor = [UIColor greenColor].CGColor;

//设置圆角弧度

centerView.layer.cornerRadius = 50;

//设置整体阴影

//设置阴影偏移

centerView.layer.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(10, 10);

//设置阴影颜色, 默认为黑

centerView.layer.shadowColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;

//设置阴影不透明度

centerView.layer.shadowOpacity = 1.0;

//设置超出边界部分是否显示

centerView.clipsToBounds = YES;

[self.window addSubview:centerView];

[centerView release];

3.UIButton

//UIButton, 按钮类, 用于响应和处理一些事件

//(1)创建

UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];

//UIButtonTypeDetailDisclosure 详细信息(浅色背景)

//UIButtonTypeInfoDark 详细信息(深色背景)

//UIButtonTypeInfoLight 详细信息(浅色背景)

//UIButtonTypeSystem 系统样式

//UIButtonTypeContactAdd 加号按钮

//UIButtonTypeCustom 自定义格式，需要添加图片的时候需要使用此种类型

//(2)设置属性

button.frame = CGRectMake(20, 240, 335, 40);

button.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];

//设置文字

[button setTitle:@"你点我一下绝对不会怀孕的" forState:UIControlStateNormal];

[button setTitle:@"高亮状态" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];

[button setTitle:@"选中状态" forState:UIControlStateSelected];

[button setTitle:@"不可用状态" forState:UIControlStateDisabled];

//设置字体大小

button.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:30];

//设置文字颜色

[button setTitleColor:[UIColor greenColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];

//设置图片

[button setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"button"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];

//设置背景图片

[button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"button"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];

//控件状态

//UIControlStateNormal: 正常状态

//UIControlStateHighlighted: 高亮状态

//UIControlStateSelected:选中状态

//UIControlStateDisabled: 不可用状态

//关联事件(方法)

//参数1: 目标, 谁来调用方法

//参数2: 事件, 关联的方法名

//参数3: 触发事件

//添加点击事件

[button addTarget:self action:@selector(pressButton) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

[button addTarget:self action:@selector(pressButtonWithAlertView) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

//接口文件遵守<UITextFieldDelegate,UIAlertViewDelegate>代理协议，声明属性的实例变量，是与其目标建立联系

//声明一个点击方法

-(void)didClickLoginButton

{

NSLog(@"%s %d",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__);

//回收键盘 resignFirstResponser

[self.usernameField resignFirstResponder];

[self.passwordFiled resignFirstResponder];

//UIAlertview 警告

UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"警告" message:@"你输入的密码有误" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" otherButtonTitles:@"确定",nil];

[alert show];

}

//点击return回收键盘

-(BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField{

NSLog(@"点击return键%s %D",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__);

if (self.usernameField == textField) {

[self.passwordFiled becomeFirstResponder];

}elseif (self.passwordFiled == textField){

[textField resignFirstResponder];

}

returnYES;

}

#pragma mark-----点击屏幕空白处回收键盘

-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

{

[self.userField resignFirstResponder];

}

//按照响应事件移除

[button removeTarget:self action:@selector(pressButton) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]；

//设置按钮是否选中

button.selected = YES;

//设置按钮是否可用

button.enabled = NO;

//(3)添加到父视图

[self.window addSubview:button];

//(4)千万不要释放

4.UIAlertView

- (void)pressButtonWithAlertView {

// 警告框

//(1)创建

UIAlertView *alertView = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示" message:@"您有一百万元到账!" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" otherButtonTitles:@"确定", nil];

//(2)显示

[alertView show];

//(3)释放

[alertView release];

}

5.程序启动流程

#import "ApplicationDelegate.h"

@implementation ApplicationDelegate

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {

//应用程序运行期间，只会运行一次

NSLog(@"应用启动，载入完成%s %d",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__);

returnYES;

}

- (void)applicationWillResignActive:(UIApplication *)application {

//按HOME进入后台。将要离开激活状态

NSLog(@"将要离开激活状态，%s %d",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__);

}

- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application {

//进入后台调用的方法

NSLog(@"应用已经进入后台，%s %d",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__);

}

- (void)applicationWillEnterForeground:(UIApplication *)application {

//应用将要进入前台

NSLog(@"应用将要进入前台，%s %d",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__);

}

- (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application {

//应用进入激活状态

NSLog(@"应用进入激活状态%s %d",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__);

}

- (void)applicationWillTerminate:(UIApplication *)application {

//应用将要结束

NSLog(@"应用将要结束%s %d",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__);

}

@end

1.自定义label—textField视图（复合设计模式）

//创建LTView继承子UIView

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface LTView : UIView

//左侧的Label

@property(strong,nonatomic) UILabel *leftLabel;// strong == retain

//右侧的UITextField

@property(strong,nonatomic) UITextField *rightField;

//初始化接口

-(instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame title:(NSString *)title;

//设置占位符的方法

-(void)setPlaceHolderString:(NSString *)string;

@end

#import "LTView.h"

@implementation LTView

//利用initWithFrame ,去初始化leftlabel和 rightField

-(instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame

{

self = [super initWithFrame:frame];

if (self) {

_leftLabel = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0,0,80,30)];

[self addSubview:_leftLabel];

_rightField = [[UITextField alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(80,0, frame.size.width -80 ,30)];

[self addSubview:_rightField];

_rightField.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect;

}

returnself;

}

//构造器初始化接口

-(instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame title:(NSString *)title

{

self = [self initWithFrame:frame];

if (self) {

_leftLabel.text = title;

}

returnself;

}

//设置占位符的方法

-(void)setPlaceHolderString:(NSString *)string

{

_rightField.placeholder = string;

}

//重写Frame

-(void)setFrame:(CGRect)frame{

[super setFrame:frame];

_rightField.frame = CGRectMake(80,0, frame.size.width-80,30);

}

@end

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UI -知识点回顾 一

UI -知识点回顾一