根据文件头判断文件类型

来源：互联网发布：竹筒捕鱼原理知乎编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/04/29 04:22

最近在项目中需要判断文件类型，如果只根据文件后缀名称，还不够严格（有可能手动修改后缀名称），所以这种判断文件类型有差错，想起了以前在网上看到使用根据读取头文件部分内容与标准格式文件对比，即可准确判断文件类型，这里可以读取3个字节，或者10个字节

具体如下：

10个字节一种判断

private static final HashMap<String, String> mFileTypes = new HashMap<String, String>();        // judge file type by file header content        static {            mFileTypes.put("ffd8ffe000104a464946", "jpg"); //JPEG (jpg)                   mFileTypes.put("89504e470d0a1a0a0000", "png"); //PNG (png)                   mFileTypes.put("47494638396126026f01", "gif"); //GIF (gif)                   mFileTypes.put("49492a00227105008037", "tif"); //TIFF (tif)                   mFileTypes.put("424d228c010000000000", "bmp"); //16色位图(bmp)                   mFileTypes.put("424d8240090000000000", "bmp"); //24位位图(bmp)                   mFileTypes.put("424d8e1b030000000000", "bmp"); //256色位图(bmp)                   mFileTypes.put("41433130313500000000", "dwg"); //CAD (dwg)                   mFileTypes.put("3c21444f435459504520", "html"); //HTML (html)              mFileTypes.put("3c21646f637479706520", "htm"); //HTM (htm)              mFileTypes.put("48544d4c207b0d0a0942", "css"); //css              mFileTypes.put("696b2e71623d696b2e71", "js"); //js              mFileTypes.put("7b5c727466315c616e73", "rtf"); //Rich Text Format (rtf)                   mFileTypes.put("38425053000100000000", "psd"); //Photoshop (psd)                   mFileTypes.put("46726f6d3a203d3f6762", "eml"); //Email [Outlook Express 6] (eml)                     mFileTypes.put("d0cf11e0a1b11ae10000", "doc"); //MS Excel 注意：word、msi 和 excel的文件头一样                   mFileTypes.put("d0cf11e0a1b11ae10000", "vsd"); //Visio 绘图                   mFileTypes.put("5374616E64617264204A", "mdb"); //MS Access (mdb)                    mFileTypes.put("252150532D41646F6265", "ps");            mFileTypes.put("255044462d312e350d0a", "pdf"); //Adobe Acrobat (pdf)                 mFileTypes.put("2e524d46000000120001", "rmvb"); //rmvb/rm相同                mFileTypes.put("464c5601050000000900", "flv"); //flv与f4v相同                mFileTypes.put("00000020667479706d70", "mp4");            mFileTypes.put("49443303000000002176", "mp3");            mFileTypes.put("000001ba210001000180", "mpg"); //                   mFileTypes.put("3026b2758e66cf11a6d9", "wmv"); //wmv与asf相同                  mFileTypes.put("52494646e27807005741", "wav"); //Wave (wav)                mFileTypes.put("52494646d07d60074156", "avi");            mFileTypes.put("4d546864000000060001", "mid"); //MIDI (mid)                 mFileTypes.put("504b0304140000000800", "zip");            mFileTypes.put("526172211a0700cf9073", "rar");            mFileTypes.put("235468697320636f6e66", "ini");            mFileTypes.put("504b03040a0000000000", "jar");            mFileTypes.put("4d5a9000030000000400", "exe");//可执行文件              mFileTypes.put("3c25402070616765206c", "jsp");//jsp文件              mFileTypes.put("4d616e69666573742d56", "mf");//MF文件              mFileTypes.put("3c3f786d6c2076657273", "xml");//xml文件              mFileTypes.put("494e5345525420494e54", "sql");//xml文件              mFileTypes.put("7061636b616765207765", "java");//java文件              mFileTypes.put("406563686f206f66660d", "bat");//bat文件              mFileTypes.put("1f8b0800000000000000", "gz");//gz文件              mFileTypes.put("6c6f67346a2e726f6f74", "properties");//bat文件              mFileTypes.put("cafebabe0000002e0041", "class");//bat文件              mFileTypes.put("49545346030000006000", "chm");//bat文件              mFileTypes.put("04000000010000001300", "mxp");//bat文件              mFileTypes.put("504b0304140006000800", "docx");//docx文件              mFileTypes.put("d0cf11e0a1b11ae10000", "wps");//WPS文字wps、表格et、演示dps都是一样的              mFileTypes.put("6431303a637265617465", "torrent");            mFileTypes.put("6D6F6F76", "mov"); //Quicktime (mov)                mFileTypes.put("FF575043", "wpd"); //WordPerfect (wpd)                 mFileTypes.put("CFAD12FEC5FD746F", "dbx"); //Outlook Express (dbx)                   mFileTypes.put("2142444E", "pst"); //Outlook (pst)                    mFileTypes.put("AC9EBD8F", "qdf"); //Quicken (qdf)                   mFileTypes.put("E3828596", "pwl"); //Windows Password (pwl)                       mFileTypes.put("2E7261FD", "ram"); //Real Audio (ram)                 mFileTypes.put("null", null); //null        }        public static String getFileType(String filePath) {            return mFileTypes.get(getFileHeader(filePath));        }        private static String getFileHeader(String filePath) {            File file=new File(filePath);            if(!file.exists() || file.length()<11){                return "null";            }            FileInputStream is = null;            String value = null;            try {                is = new FileInputStream(file);                byte[] b = new byte[10];                is.read(b, 0, b.length);                value = bytesToHexString(b);            } catch (Exception e) {            } finally {                if(null != is) {                    try {                        is.close();                    } catch (IOException e) {}                }            }            return value;        }        private static String bytesToHexString(byte[] src){            StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();            if (src == null || src.length <= 0) {                return null;            }            for (int i = 0; i < src.length; i++) {                int v = src[i] & 0xFF;                String hv = Integer.toHexString(v);                if (hv.length() < 2) {                    stringBuilder.append(0);                }                stringBuilder.append(hv);            }            return stringBuilder.toString();        }

3个字节判断：

 private static final HashMap<String, String> mFileTypes = new HashMap<String, String>();        // judge file type by         static {            //images            mFileTypes.put("FFD8FF", "jpg");            mFileTypes.put("89504E47", "png");            mFileTypes.put("47494638", "gif");            mFileTypes.put("49492A00", "tif");            mFileTypes.put("424D", "bmp");            //            mFileTypes.put("41433130", "dwg"); //CAD            mFileTypes.put("38425053", "psd");            mFileTypes.put("7B5C727466", "rtf"); //日记本            mFileTypes.put("3C3F786D6C", "xml");            mFileTypes.put("68746D6C3E", "html");            mFileTypes.put("44656C69766572792D646174653A", "eml"); //邮件            mFileTypes.put("D0CF11E0", "doc");            mFileTypes.put("5374616E64617264204A", "mdb");            mFileTypes.put("252150532D41646F6265", "ps");            mFileTypes.put("255044462D312E", "pdf");            mFileTypes.put("504B0304", "zip");            mFileTypes.put("52617221", "rar");            mFileTypes.put("57415645", "wav");            mFileTypes.put("41564920", "avi");            mFileTypes.put("2E524D46", "rm");            mFileTypes.put("000001BA", "mpg");            mFileTypes.put("000001B3", "mpg");            mFileTypes.put("6D6F6F76", "mov");            mFileTypes.put("3026B2758E66CF11", "asf");            mFileTypes.put("4D546864", "mid");            mFileTypes.put("1F8B08", "gz");            mFileTypes.put("", "");        }        public static String getFileType(String filePath) {            return mFileTypes.get(getFileHeader(filePath));        }        //获取文件头信息        public static String getFileHeader(String filePath) {           <pre name="code" class="java">          File file=new File(filePath);            if(!file.exists() || file.length()<4){                return "null";            }            FileInputStream is = null;            String value = null;            try {                is = new FileInputStream(file);                byte[] b = new byte[3];                is.read(b, 0, b.length);                value = bytesToHexString(b);            } catch (Exception e) {            } finally {                if(null != is) {                    try {                        is.close();                    } catch (IOException e) {}                }            }            return value;        }        private static String bytesToHexString(byte[] src){            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();            if (src == null || src.length <= 0) {                return null;            }            String hv;            for (int i = 0; i < src.length; i++) {                hv = Integer.toHexString(src[i] & 0xFF).toUpperCase();                if (hv.length() < 2) {                    builder.append(0);                }                builder.append(hv);            }            return builder.toString();        }

优化处理：在不同的设备上同样类型的文件，文件头前面内容未必一致，可能只有前几个一致，后面就不同了（例如：jpg类型文件，在不同手机上，lennovo k900前10个是一致的，但是MI3只有前5个字符一致，后面是不一样的，所有一些情况进行特殊处理）当整个头文件失败后，在进行前5个字符截取对比处理，优化具体如下：

public static String getFileType(String filePath) {            String keySearch=getFileHeader(filePath);            String fileSuffix=mFileTypes.get(keySearch);            //补充 这里并不是所有的文件格式前10 byte（jpg）都一致，前五个byte一致即可            if(TextUtils.isEmpty(fileSuffix)){                Iterator<String> keyList=mFileTypes.keySet().iterator();                String key,keySearchPrefix=keySearch.substring(0,5);                while (keyList.hasNext()){                    key=keyList.next();                    if(key.contains(keySearchPrefix)) {                        fileSuffix = mFileTypes.get(key);                        break;                    }                }            }            return fileSuffix;        }

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