POJ 2109 Power of Cryptography 数学题 double和float精度和范围

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                Power of Cryptography

Time Limit: 1000MS Memory Limit: 30000K
Total Submissions: 21354 Accepted: 10799
Description

Current work in cryptography involves (among other things) large prime numbers and computing powers of numbers among these primes. Work in this area has resulted in the practical use of results from number theory and other branches of mathematics once considered to be only of theoretical interest.
This problem involves the efficient computation of integer roots of numbers.
Given an integer n>=1 and an integer p>= 1 you have to write a program that determines the n th positive root of p. In this problem, given such integers n and p, p will always be of the form k to the nth. power, for an integer k (this integer is what your program must find).
Input

The input consists of a sequence of integer pairs n and p with each integer on a line by itself. For all such pairs 1<=n<= 200, 1<=p<10101 and there exists an integer k, 1<=k<=109 such that kn = p.
Output

For each integer pair n and p the value k should be printed, i.e., the number k such that k n =p.
Sample Input

2 16
3 27
7 4357186184021382204544
Sample Output

4
3
1234
Source

México and Central America 2004

看到这么大的数,,首先就想到了高精度,,大数写的欲哭无泪,,看了下题解,,才愕然发现可以直接计算的,,
1.pow(x,y)函数变量是double型
2.float与double的范围和精度
这里写图片描述
1. 范围
float和double的范围是由指数的位数来决定的。
float的指数位有8位,而double的指数位有11位,分布如下:
float:
1bit(符号位) 8bits(指数位) 23bits(尾数位) !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(理解)
double:
1bit(符号位) 11bits(指数位) 52bits(尾数位)
于是,float的指数范围为-127~+128,而double的指数范围为-1023~+1024,并且指数位是按补码的形式来划分的。
其中负指数决定了浮点数所能表达的绝对值最小的非零数;而正指数决定了浮点数所能表达的绝对值最大的数,也即决定了浮点数的取值范围。
float的范围为-2^128 ~ +2^128,也即-3.40E+38 ~ +3.40E+38;double的范围为-2^1024 ~ +2^1024,也即-1.79E+308 ~ +1.79E+308。!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2. 精度
float和double的精度是由尾数的位数来决定的。浮点数在内存中是按科学计数法来存储的,其整数部分始终是一个隐含着的“1”,由于它是不变的,故不能对精度造成影响。
float:2^23 = 8388608,一共七位,这意味着最多能有7位有效数字,但绝对能保证的为6位,也即float的精度为6~7位有效数字;
double:2^52 = 4503599627370496,一共16位,同理,double的精度为15~16位。

float8个指数位,指数最大时128,所以能存的最大的数是2^128=3*10^38=10^38;
double11个指数位,指数最大时1024,所以能存的最大的数是2^128=3*10^38=1.79*10^308=10^108;

#include <iostream>#include <cstring>#include <cstdio>#include<cmath>using namespace std;int main(){     double n,p;     while(~scanf("%lf %lf",&n,&p))         printf("%.0lf\n",pow(p,1/n));     return 0;}
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