Maven使用介绍（三）

再介绍几个其它命令：

1. mvnsite ： 为你的project创建一个站点
2. mvnclean： 清除target目录下的所有文件
3. mvneclipse:eclipse ：为project生成eclipse的工程文件和classpath文件

 

build lifecycle &build phase & goal

maven有一套build的生命周期，是按照一套顺序走下来的，这一套顺序就叫一个生命周期(lifecycle)。maven内置三种生命周期：default,clean 和 site。一个生命周期分为多个build phase，下面是default生命周期全部的buildphase：

• validate：validate the projectis correct and all necessary information is available.
• initialize：initialize buildstate, e.g. set properties or create directories.
• generate-sources：generate anysource code for inclusion in compilation.
• process-sources：process thesource code, for example to filter any values.
• generate-resources：generateresources for inclusion in the package.
• process-resources：copy andprocess the resources into the destination directory, ready forpackaging.
• compile：compile the source codeof the project.
• process-classes：post-processthe generated files from compilation, for example to do bytecodeenhancement on Java classes.
• generate-test-sources：generateany test source code for inclusion in compilation.
• process-test-sources：processthe test source code, for example to filter any values.
• generate-test-resources：createresources for testing.
• process-test-resources：copy andprocess the resources into the test destinationdirectory.
• test-compile：compile the testsource code into the test destination directory
• process-test-classes：post-processthe generated files from test compilation, for example to dobytecode enhancement on Java classes. For Maven 2.0.5 andabove.
• test：run tests using a suitableunit testing framework. These tests should not require the code bepackaged or deployed.
• prepare-package：perform anyoperations necessary to prepare a package before the actualpackaging. This often results in an unpacked, processed version ofthe package. (Maven 2.1 and above)
• package：take the compiled codeand package it in its distributable format, such as aJAR.
• pre-integration-test：performactions required before integration tests are executed. This mayinvolve things such as setting up the requiredenvironment.
• integration-test：process anddeploy the package if necessary into an environment whereintegration tests can be run.
• post-integration-test：performactions required after integration tests have been executed. Thismay including cleaning up the environment.
• verify：run any checks to verifythe package is valid and meets quality criteria.
• install：install the packageinto the local repository, for use as a dependency in otherprojects locally.
• deploy：done in an integrationor release environment, copies the final package to the remoterepository for sharing with other developers andprojects.

这些build phase是按照顺序执行的，如果执行后面的buildphase，前面的build phase 也会被执行。例如如果执行：

mvn deploy

前面的install、verify一直到validate这些buildphase都会执行。

每一个buildphase是由goal组成的，一个goal其实就是一个任务，一个goal可以关联到一个buildphase也可以不关联到任何build phase 。 不关联到任何phase的goal是可以独立执行的，例如：

mvn clean dependency:copy-dependencies package

上面的命令会导致先执行clean这个phase，然后拷贝依赖项，最后打包。注意，这里clean这个goal是clean这个lifecycle里面的一个goal，所以可以看到不同lifecycle的buildphase和goal是可以混合在一起执行的。如果一个goal被绑定到多个phase上，那么goal就会被执行多次。

phase的顺序是已经固定的，如果一个phase没有绑定到任何goal，那么phase就不会被执行。一个goal可以通过两种方式绑定到一个phase，一个是指定packaging，另一个就是plugin。