ubuntu15.04 C客户端操作mysql

来源：互联网发布：安川机器人编程技巧编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/16 14:59

最近，又在ubuntu上面搭建mysql环境，使用C语言接口对mysql数据库进行操作。安装mysql时分别用了命令行安装、源代码编译安装两种方法，在源码安装的时候出现了一点小插曲，mysql-5.7版本make的时候耗时非常长，在40%进度一直没有反应，无奈重新下载使用mysql5.6版本重新编译完成。大概是版本没有完全支持的原因，ubuntu15.04命令行安装mysql默认版本也是5.6。

1、安装mysql

命令行方式与源代码编译方式

1.1命令行方式安装mysql

第一步检查是否安装mysql，命令行输入：

        liang@ubuntu:~$ mysql

打印如下输出，即系统中没有安装mysql

      The program 'mysql' can be found in the following packages:      * mysql-client-core-5.6      * mariadb-client-core-10.0      Try: sudo apt-get install <selected package>

第二步安装mysql-client、mysql-server
首先，更新app安装源，命令行输入：

        liang@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update

然后，安装mysql，命令行输入：

   liang@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install mysql-client mysql-server

提示确认安装，输入y回车往下安装；界面安装会弹窗提示输入mysql的root密码，非界面安装root密码为空；安装结束后，命令行输入：

    liang@ubuntu:~$ mysql -V

打印如下信息即安装成功：

    mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.27, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

最后，安装C语言连接mysql需要的API库，命令行输入

    liang@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient18 libmysqlclient-dev

1.2源代码编译安装mysql

编译源代码需要安装gcc，命令行输入：

    sudo apt-get install build-essential

下载最新版本的mysql源码包，命令行输入：

    liang@ubuntu:~/mysql$ wget http://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.28.tar.gz

解压源码包，命令行输入：

    liang@ubuntu:~/mysql$ tar zxvf mysql-5.6.28e.tar.gz

    liang@ubuntu:~/mysql$ cd mysql-5.6.28

安装其他依赖包，命令行输入:

    liang@ubuntu:~/mysql/mysql-5.6.28$ sudo apt-get install cmake m4 bison libncurses5-dev libmysqlclient×

开始源码编译安装mysql，命令行输入：

    liang@ubuntu:~/mysql/mysql-5.6.28$ sudo cmake .

打印如下错误信息，提示安装boost库：

      CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:76 (MESSAGE):      You can download it with -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=<directory>      This CMake script will look for boost in <directory>.  If it is not there,      it will download and unpack it (in that directory) for you.      If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an http proxy:      export http_proxy=http://example.com:80      Call Stack (most recent call first):      cmake/boost.cmake:228 (COULD_NOT_FIND_BOOST)      CMakeLists.txt:435 (INCLUDE)      -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!      See also "/home/liang/mysql/mysql-5.6.28/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".

下载boost源码包，命令行输入：

<pre name="code" class="plain">   liang@ubuntu:~/mysql/mysql-5.6.28$ cd ..

   liang@ubuntu:~/mysql$ wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/boost/boost_1_59_0.tar.bz2

解压boost源码包，命令行输入：

    liang@ubuntu:~/mysql$ tar xvf boost_1_59_0.tar.bz2

进入boost目录，命令行输入：

     liang@ubuntu:~/mysql$ cd boost_1_59_0/

安装boost，命令行输入：

    liang@ubuntu:~/mysql/boost_1_59_0$ sudo ./bootstrap.sh    liang@ubuntu:~/mysql/boost_1_59_0$ sudo ./b2 install

执行的时间比较长，耐心等候。。。。。。。。。

安装完毕，检查boost是否安装成功：

     liang@ubuntu:~/mysql/boost_1_59_0$ ls /usr/local/include/

打印输出存在boost目录，即安装成功。

      boost         dnet.h       pcap-namedb.h  pcre.h              sfbpf.h

重新去安装mysql，命令行输入：

     liang@ubuntu:~/mysql/mysql-5.6.28$ sudo cmake .     liang@ubuntu:~/mysql/mysql-5.6.28$ sudo make && sudo make install

执行的时间比较长，耐心等候。。。。。。。。。

安装完成后，初始化mysql数据库，命令行输入：

   liang@ubuntu:~/mysql/mysql-5.6.28$ cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/   liang@ubuntu:/usr/local/mysql/scripts$ sudo ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data &

初始化成功后启动mysql服务，命令行输入：

liang@ubuntu:/usr/local/mysql/scripts$ cd ../bin/

   liang@ubuntu:/usr/local/mysql/bin$ sudo ./mysqld -uroot

启动成功，打印如下信息：

2015-12-18 11:32:27 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2015-12-18 11:32:27 0 [Note] ./mysqld (mysqld 5.6.28) starting as process 6106 ...2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.32015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.28 started; log sequence number 16259972015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 33062015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] IPv6 is available.2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note]   - '::' resolves to '::';2015-12-18 11:32:27 6106 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.2015-12-18 11:32:28 6106 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events2015-12-18 11:32:28 6106 [Note] ./mysqld: ready for connections.Version: '5.6.28'  socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  Source distribution

打开另外一个命令行，连接mysql：

liang@ubuntu:~$ cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/

   liang@ubuntu:/usr/local/mysql/bin$ ./mysql -uroot

连接成功，打印如下信息：

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.6.28 Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>

这里没有完成的工作：没有把mysql的命令添加到系统服务中去，每一次都要进入mysql的命令程序目录启动数据库。

2、mysql数据库的简单操作
连接到mysql服务，命令行输入：

      liang@ubuntu:~$ mysql -uroot -p

回车，输入mysql的root密码，密码为空直接确认，进入mysql命令行；

   Enter password:    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.   Your MySQL connection id is 5   Server version: 5.6.27-0ubuntu1 (Ubuntu)   Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective   owners.   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.   mysql>

2.1查询、创建数据库
查询数据库，命令行输入：

     mysql> show databases;

打印输出如下，系统默认创建三个数据库：

      +--------------------+      | Database           |      +--------------------+      | information_schema |      | mysql              |      | performance_schema |      +--------------------+      3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

创建新的数据库，命令行输入：

    mysql> create database joy;

打印输出如下，创建数据库成功：

    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

重新查询数据库，会存在新建数据库 joy

    mysql> show databases;

结果如下，存在四个数据库，包括 joy

      +--------------------+      | Database           |      +--------------------+      | information_schema |      | joy                |      | mysql              |      | performance_schema |      +--------------------+      4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.2查询、创建数据表
使用一个数据库，命令行输入：

      mysql> use joy;

出现如下结果，进入就哦也数据库成功：

      Database changed

列出数据库中的全部表，命令行输入：

      mysql> show tables;

现在 joy 是一个新建的数据库，不存在数据表：

      Empty set (0.00 sec)

创建一个session数据表，命令行输入：

      mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `session` (       `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,       `uid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,       `sig` varchar(32) NOT NULL,       `expired` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL        ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=11 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

打印如下结果创建成功：

      Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)

再次列出数据库中的全部表，命令行输入：

       mysql> show tables;

打印如下结果，看到session数据表：

      +---------------+      | Tables_in_joy |      +---------------+      | session       |      +---------------+      1 row in set (0.00 sec)

验证session数据表的元素，命令行输入：

      mysql> desc session;

打印如下结果：

      +---------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+      | Field   | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra |      +---------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+      | id      | int(10) unsigned | NO   |     | NULL    |       |      | uid     | int(10) unsigned | NO   |     | NULL    |       |      | sig     | varchar(32)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       |      | expired | int(10) unsigned | NO   |     | NULL    |       |      +---------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+      4 rows in set (0.04 sec)

2.3数据的增删查改
对session表进行增上查改，插入一行新的数据，命令行输入：

    mysql> INSERT INTO `session` (`id`, `uid`, `sig`, `expired`) VALUES(1, 1, '8460abc97bbd11e5acaf000c29c494bc', 1448440960);

打印如下结果插入数据成功成功：

    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

查询session数据表的数据，命令行输入：

    mysql> select * from session;

打印如下结果，可以看到上一个插入的数据：

      +----+-----+----------------------------------+------------+      | id | uid | sig                              | expired    |      +----+-----+----------------------------------+------------+      |  1 |   1 | 8460abc97bbd11e5acaf000c29c494bc | 1448440960 |      +----+-----+----------------------------------+------------+      1 row in set (0.00 sec)

修改session数据表中的数据，修改id=1上的数据项sig的值为“0000000000000000000000000”，命令行输入：

      mysql> update session set sig = "0000000000000000000000000" where id = "1";

打印如下结果即修改数据项成功：

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

     Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

再次查询session数据表，命令行输入：

     mysql> select * from session;

id=1上的数据项sig的值已经发生改变：

      +----+-----+---------------------------+------------+      | id | uid | sig                       | expired    |      +----+-----+---------------------------+------------+      |  1 |   1 | 0000000000000000000000000 | 1448440960 |      +----+-----+---------------------------+------------+      1 row in set (0.00 sec)

删除session数据表中的数据，删除id=1的一行数据，命令行输入：

    mysql> delete from session where id=1;

出现如下结果，删除成功：

      Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)

再次查询session数据表，命令行输入：

     mysql> select * from session;

session表中的数据已经被删除：

      Empty set (0.00 sec)

3、C语言操作mysql

需要安装libmysql客户端支持，命令行输入：

     liang@ubuntu:~/workspace/mysql$ sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient*

3.1连接数据库

         连接mysql的API函数，包括：MYSQL操作对象、连接主机、用户（MYSQL）、密码、数据库名、端口等等，结果返回0即成功，其他为连接失败</span>

          MYSQL * STDCALL mysql_real_connect(MYSQL *mysql, const char *host, const char *user, const char *passwd, const char *db, unsigned int port, const char *unix_socket, unsigned long clientflag);

3.2数据的增删查改

int STDCALL mysql_query(MYSQL *mysql, const char *q);

数据库操作API，使用该函数对mysql执行sql语句，包括了创建数据库、创建表、增删查改等等。参数：一个数据库操作对象、sql执行语句

3.3操作实例

下面的例子，第一次连接数据库后创建test数据库，第二次连接数据库连接到test数据库，并且创建joy数据表，插入两条数据到joy，然后遍历查询joy中的数据。

使用gcc编译：

    liang@ubuntu:~/workspace/mysql$ gcc -g -o test -I/usr/include/mysql MysqlTest.c -L/usr/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz

生成test可执行文件：（前提是test数据库不存在）

    liang@ubuntu:~/workspace/mysql$ ./test

查看结果：

liang@ubuntu:~/workspace/mysql$ ./test select data success1         1         8460abc97bbd11e5acaf000c29c494bc  1448440960  2         1         2a6e0d7f810911e5a8b2000c29c494bc  1449023207

mysql客户端查看：

mysql> select * from session;+----+-----+----------------------------------+------------+| id | uid | sig                              | expired    |+----+-----+----------------------------------+------------+|  1 |   1 | 8460abc97bbd11e5acaf000c29c494bc | 1448440960 ||  2 |   1 | 2a6e0d7f810911e5a8b2000c29c494bc | 1449023207 |+----+-----+----------------------------------+------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

源代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <mysql.h>#define mysqlhost "127.0.0.1"#define mysqluser "root" #define mysqlpwd  ""#define dbname    "test"  int main(int argc, char **argv){MYSQL *conn,*conn1;MYSQL_RES *mysqlresult;        MYSQL_ROW mysqlrow;    int x, y, numrow, numcol,result;char sql_create_table[300]="CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS session (id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,uid int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,sig varchar(32) NOT NULL,expired int(10) unsigned NOT NULL)ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=11 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;";char sql_insert_data[300]="INSERT INTO `session` (`id`, `uid`, `sig`, `expired`) VALUES(1, 1, '8460abc97bbd11e5acaf000c29c494bc', 1448440960),(2, 1, '2a6e0d7f810911e5a8b2000c29c494bc', 1449023207)";char sql_select_data[300]="select * from session";if( (conn = mysql_init(NULL))== NULL){        printf("mysql_init failed! exiting...\n");        return 1;    }if( (conn1 = mysql_init(NULL))== NULL){        printf("mysql_init failed! exiting...\n");        return 1;    }if (mysql_real_connect(conn1, mysqlhost, mysqluser, mysqlpwd, NULL, 0, NULL, 0) == NULL) {      printf("mysql_real_connect error %u: %s\n", mysql_errno(conn1), mysql_error(conn1));    return 1;      }if (mysql_query(conn1, "create database test")) {  //创建test数据库      printf("mysql_query create database error %u: %s\n", mysql_errno(conn1), mysql_error(conn1));     return 1;     }else{  printf("create databae success\n");  mysql_close(conn1); }    if (mysql_real_connect(conn, mysqlhost, mysqluser, mysqlpwd, dbname, 0, NULL, 0) == NULL) {      printf("mysql_real_connect error %u: %s\n", mysql_errno(conn), mysql_error(conn));      return 1;    }if (mysql_query(conn,sql_create_table)) {  //创建session表      printf("mysql_query create table error %u: %s\n", mysql_errno(conn), mysql_error(conn));     return 1;     }else{  printf("create database success\n");}if (mysql_query(conn,sql_insert_data)) {  //插入数据      printf("mysql_query insert data error %u: %s\n", mysql_errno(conn), mysql_error(conn));     return 1;     }else{  printf("insert data success\n");}result = mysql_query(conn,"select * from test.session");if (result) {  //查询数据      printf("mysql_query select data error %u: %s\n", mysql_errno(conn), mysql_error(conn));    return 1;      }else{    printf("select data success\n");    mysqlresult = mysql_store_result(conn);               if(mysqlresult){                numrow = mysql_num_rows(mysqlresult);                numcol = mysql_num_fields(mysqlresult);                for(x=0; x<numrow; x++)                {                  mysqlrow = mysql_fetch_row(mysqlresult);                  for(y=0; y<numcol; y++)                  {                     printf("%-8s  ",mysqlrow[y]);                  }                  printf("\n");                }               }}        mysql_free_result(mysqlresult);mysql_close(conn);  return 0;}

4、其他补充
4.1gcc编译环境

命令行输入，安装完成即可：

sudo apt-get install build-essential

0 0