UNIX入门之常用头文件apue.h （附带去除文档空格的代码）

apue.h：

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#ifndef _APUE_H #define _APUE_H #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */ #include <sys/types.h> /* some systems still require this */ #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/termios.h> /* for winsize */ #ifndef TIOCGWINSZ #include <sys/ioctl.h> #endif #include <stdio.h> /* for convenience */ #include <stdlib.h> /* for convenience */ #include <stddef.h> /* for offsetof */ #include <string.h> /* for convenience */ #include <unistd.h> /* for convenience */ #include <signal.h> /* for SIG_ERR */ #define MAXLINE 4096 /* max line length */ /* * Default file access permissions for new files. */ #define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH) /* * Default permissions for new directories. */ #define DIR_MODE (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH) typedef void Sigfunc(int); /* for signal handlers */ #if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR) #define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1) #endif #define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b)) #define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)) /* * Prototypes for our own functions. */ char *path_alloc(int *); /* Figure 2.15 */ long open_max(void); /* Figure 2.16 */ void clr_fl(int, int); /* Figure 3.11 */ void set_fl(int, int); /* Figure 3.11 */ void pr_exit(int); /* Figure 8.5 */ void pr_mask(const char *); /* Figure 10.14 */ Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *); /* Figure 10.19 */ int tty_cbreak(int); /* Figure 18.20 */ int tty_raw(int); /* Figure 18.20 */ int tty_reset(int); /* Figure 18.20 */ void tty_atexit(void); /* Figure 18.20 */ #ifdef ECHO /* only if <termios.h> has been included */ struct termios *tty_termios(void); /* Figure 18.20 */ #endif void sleep_us(unsigned int); /* Exercise 14.6 */ ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t); /* Figure 14.29 */ ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t); /* Figure 14.29 */ void daemonize(const char *); /* Figure 13.1 */ int s_pipe(int *); /* Figures 17.6 and 17.13 */ int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int, const void *, size_t));/* Figures 17.21 and 17.23 */ int send_fd(int, int); /* Figures 17.20 and 17.22 */ int send_err(int, int, const char *); /* Figure 17.19 */ int serv_listen(const char *); /* Figures 17.10 and 17.15 */ int serv_accept(int, uid_t *); /* Figures 17.11 and 17.16 */ int cli_conn(const char *); /* Figures 17.12 and 17.17 */ int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int, char **)); /* Figure 17.32 */ int ptym_open(char *, int); /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */ int ptys_open(char *); /* Figures 19.8, 19.9, and 19.10 */ #ifdef TIOCGWINSZ pid_t pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *, const struct winsize *); /* Figure 19.11 */ #endif int lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* Figure 14.5 */ #define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) #define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) pid_t lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* Figure 14.6 */ #define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \(lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0) #define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \(lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0) void err_dump(const char *, ...); /* Appendix B */ void err_msg(const char *, ...); void err_quit(const char *, ...); void err_exit(int, const char *, ...); void err_ret(const char *, ...); void err_sys(const char *, ...); void log_msg(const char *, ...); /* Appendix B */ void log_open(const char *, int, int); void log_quit(const char *, ...); void log_ret(const char *, ...); void log_sys(const char *, ...); void TELL_WAIT(void); /* parent/child from Section 8.9 */ void TELL_PARENT(pid_t); void TELL_CHILD(pid_t); void WAIT_PARENT(void); void WAIT_CHILD(void); #endif /* _APUE_H */ 

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myerror.h

#include <errno.h> /* for definition of errno */#include <stdarg.h> /* ISO C variable aruments */static void err_doit(int, int, const char *, va_list);/* *  * Nonfatal error related to a system call. *   * Print a message and return. *    */void err_ret(const char *fmt, ...){va_list ap;va_start(ap, fmt);err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);va_end(ap);}/* *  * Fatal error related to a system call. *   * Print a message and terminate. *    */void err_sys(const char *fmt, ...){va_list ap;va_start(ap, fmt);err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);va_end(ap);exit(1);}/* *  * Fatal error unrelated to a system call. *   * Error code passed as explict parameter. *    * Print a message and terminate. *     */void err_exit(int error, const char *fmt, ...){va_list ap;va_start(ap, fmt);err_doit(1, error, fmt, ap);va_end(ap);exit(1);}/* *  * Fatal error related to a system call. *   * Print a message, dump core, and terminate. *    */void err_dump(const char *fmt, ...){va_list ap;va_start(ap, fmt);err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);va_end(ap);abort(); /* dump core and terminate */exit(1); /* shouldn't get here */}/* *  * Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call. *   * Print a message and return. *    */void err_msg(const char *fmt, ...){va_list ap;va_start(ap, fmt);err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);va_end(ap);}/* *  * Fatal error unrelated to a system call. *   * Print a message and terminate. *    */void err_quit(const char *fmt, ...){va_list ap;va_start(ap, fmt);err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);va_end(ap);exit(1);}/* *  * Print a message and return to caller. *   * Caller specifies "errnoflag". *    */static void err_doit(int errnoflag, int error, const char *fmt, va_list ap){char buf[MAXLINE];vsnprintf(buf, MAXLINE, fmt, ap);if (errnoflag)snprintf(buf+strlen(buf), MAXLINE-strlen(buf), ": %s",strerror(error));strcat(buf, "\n");fflush(stdout); /* in case stdout and stderr are the same */fputs(buf, stderr);fflush(NULL); /* flushes all stdio output streams */}

去除文件中多余空格并清理格式的代码

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <string.h>void rmBuff(int i,int len,char* buff){while(i <= (len - 2)){buff[i] = buff[i+1];i++;}}int main(int argc,char* argv[]){char buff[100];unsigned int len;int count = 0;int i;int numSpace;int n;while( fgets(buff,100,stdin) != NULL){count ++;len = strlen(buff);if(buff[len-1] == '\n'){len++;buff[len-1] = 0;}i = 0;numSpace = 0;while(i < len){if((buff[i] == ' ') && (numSpace == 0)){rmBuff(i,len,buff);len --;}else if((buff[i] != ' ') && (numSpace == 0))numSpace = 1;if((numSpace == 1) && ( buff[i] == ' ')){if(i<(len - 1)){while(buff[i+1] == ' '){if(i < (len-2))rmBuff(i+1,len,buff);len --;}}}i++;}while(buff[len-1] == ' '){len--;}n = write(STDOUT_FILENO,buff,len-1);if(n<0)printf("%d write error",count);len  = 0;}exit(0);}