Learning Python(6)--Python的命令行解析argparse模块

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argparse模块官方文档：https://docs.python.org/2/library/argparse.html

Creating a parser

创建一个解析对象

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process some integers.')
一般只需要传入description参数。

class argparse.ArgumentParser(prog=None, usage=None, description=None, epilog=None, parents=[], formatter_class=argparse.HelpFormatter, prefix_chars='-', fromfile_prefix_chars=None, argument_default=None, conflict_handler='error', add_help=True)

Adding arguments

向该解析对象中添加你要关注的命令行参数和选项，每一个add_argument方法对应一个你要关注的参数或选项。

parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',                    help='an integer for the accumulator')parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate',action='store_const',                const=sum, default=max,                help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')

函数原型：

ArgumentParser.add_argument(name or flags...[, action][, nargs][, const][, default][, type][, choices][, required][, help][, metavar][, dest])

name or flags - Either a name or a list of option strings, e.g. foo or -f, –foo.参数有两种，可选参数和位置参数。
action - The basic type of action to be taken when this argument is encountered at the command line.默认为store
nargs - The number of command-line arguments that should be consumed.参数的数量。值可以为整数N(N个)，*(任意多个)，+(一个或更多)。值为？时，首先从命令行获得参数，若没有则从const获得，然后从default获得
const - A constant value required by some action and nargs selections.保存一个常量
default - The value produced if the argument is absent from the command line.默认值
type - The type to which the command-line argument should be converted.参数类型
choices - A container of the allowable values for the argument.可供选择的值
required - Whether or not the command-line option may be omitted (optionals only).是否必选
help - A brief description of what the argument does.
metavar - A name for the argument in usage messages.
dest - The name of the attribute to be added to the object returned by parse_args().可作为参数名

Parsing arguments

调用parse_args()方法进行解析；解析成功之后即可使用

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