JAVA 动态代理

来源:互联网 发布:安卓 服务器软件 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/03 20:10

代理设计模式

定义:为其他对象提供一种代理以控制对这个对象的访问。

代理模式的结构如下图所示。代理模式

动态代理使用

java动态代理机制以巧妙的方式实现了代理模式的设计理念。动态代理类图

代理模式示例代码

复制代码
public interface Animal {    void say(String sentance);}
public class ProxyHandler implements InvocationHandler {    private Object proxied;    public ProxyHandler(Object proxied){        this.proxied = proxied;    }    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {        //调用目标对象的方法之前需要做的处理        System.out.println("cut before...");        //调用目标对象的方法        Object obj = method.invoke(proxied, args);        //调用目标对象的方法之后需要做的处理        System.out.println("cut after...");        return obj;    }}
ProxyHandler 实现了接口InvocationHandler,其构造函数的接受被代理的对象,其invoke方法中通过反射调用被代理对象的方法,那么invoke是如何被调用的呢?请往下看。。。
复制代码
代理模式示例代码:
public class DynamicProxyTest {    public static void main(String[] args){        Panda panpan = new Panda();
//创建动态代理类,输入参数为 '被代理的类型加载器','被代理类型所需实现的接口','被代理的目标对象的处理类'        Animal animal = (Animal) Proxy.newProxyInstance(Animal.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{Animal.class}, new ProxyHandler(panpan));        animal.say("hello world!");        createProxyClassFile();    }    public static void createProxyClassFile()    {        String name = "ProxyAnimal";        byte[] data = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(name, new Class[]{Animal.class});        try        {            FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream( name + ".class" );            out.write( data );            out.close();        }        catch( Exception e )        {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}
Proxy.newProxyInstance方法用来创建动态代理类的实例,这个动态生成的代理类,实现了接口Animal,并且其构造函数的入参为InvocationHandler类型

动态代理内部实现


/** parameter types of a proxy class constructor */
//Proxy构造函数的参数类型private static final Class<?>[] constructorParams =    { InvocationHandler.class };
/** * the invocation handler for this proxy instance. * 关联 * @serial */protected InvocationHandler h;/** * Prohibits instantiation. */private Proxy() {}/** * Constructs a new {@code Proxy} instance from a subclass * (typically, a dynamic proxy class) with the specified value * for its invocation handler. * * @param   h the invocation handler for this proxy instance
 * Proxy构造方法 */protected Proxy(InvocationHandler h) {    doNewInstanceCheck();    this.h = h;}

首先来看看类Proxy的代码实现 Proxy的主要静态变量

复制代码
// 映射表:用于维护类装载器对象到其对应的代理类缓存private static Map loaderToCache = new WeakHashMap(); // 标记:用于标记一个动态代理类正在被创建中private static Object pendingGenerationMarker = new Object(); // 同步表:记录已经被创建的动态代理类类型,主要被方法 isProxyClass 进行相关的判断private static Map proxyClasses = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap()); // 关联的调用处理器引用protected InvocationHandler h;
复制代码

Proxy的构造方法

// 由于 Proxy 内部从不直接调用构造函数,所以 private 类型意味着禁止任何调用private Proxy() {} // 由于 Proxy 内部从不直接调用构造函数,所以 protected 意味着只有子类可以调用protected Proxy(InvocationHandler h) {this.h = h;} 

Proxy静态方法newProxyInstance

复制代码
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[]interfaces,InvocationHandler h) throws IllegalArgumentException {     // 检查 h 不为空,否则抛异常    if (h == null) {         throw new NullPointerException();     }     // 获得与指定类装载器和一组接口相关的代理类类型对象    Class cl = getProxyClass(loader, interfaces);     // 通过反射获取构造函数对象并生成代理类实例    try {         Constructor cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);         return (Object) cons.newInstance(new Object[] { h });     } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString());     } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString());     } catch (InstantiationException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString());     } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString());     } }
复制代码

ProxygetProxyClass方法调用ProxyGenerator的 generateProxyClass方法产生ProxySubject.class的二进制数据:

public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String name, Class[] interfaces)

我们可以import sun.misc.ProxyGenerator,调用 generateProxyClass方法产生binary data,然后写入文件,最后通过反编译工具来查看内部实现原理。 反编译后的ProxySubject.java Proxy静态方法newProxyInstance

复制代码
import common.Animal;import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;public final class ProxyAnimal extends Proxy  implements Animal{  private static Method m1;  private static Method m0;  private static Method m3;  private static Method m2;  public ProxyAnimal(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)    throws   {    super(paramInvocationHandler);  }  public final boolean equals(Object paramObject)    throws   {    try    {      return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();    }    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)    {      throw localError;    }    catch (Throwable localThrowable)    {      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);    }  }  public final int hashCode()    throws   {    try    {      return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();    }    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)    {      throw localError;    }    catch (Throwable localThrowable)    {      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);    }  }  public final void say(String paramString)    throws   {    try    {      this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });      return;    }    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)    {      throw localError;    }    catch (Throwable localThrowable)    {      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);    }  }  public final String toString()    throws   {    try    {      return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);    }    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)    {      throw localError;    }    catch (Throwable localThrowable)    {      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);    }  }  static  {    try    {      m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });      m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);      m3 = Class.forName("common.Animal").getMethod("say", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.String") });      m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);      return;    }    catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException)    {      throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());    }    catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException)    {      throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());    }  }}
复制代码

ProxyGenerator内部是如何生成class二进制数据,可以参考源代码。

复制代码
private byte[] generateClassFile() {     /*     * Record that proxy methods are needed for the hashCode, equals,     * and toString methods of java.lang.Object.  This is done before     * the methods from the proxy interfaces so that the methods from     * java.lang.Object take precedence over duplicate methods in the     * proxy interfaces.     */    addProxyMethod(hashCodeMethod, Object.class);     addProxyMethod(equalsMethod, Object.class);     addProxyMethod(toStringMethod, Object.class);     /*     * Now record all of the methods from the proxy interfaces, giving     * earlier interfaces precedence over later ones with duplicate     * methods.     */    for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {         Method[] methods = interfaces[i].getMethods();         for (int j = 0; j < methods.length; j++) {       addProxyMethod(methods[j], interfaces[i]);         }     }     /*     * For each set of proxy methods with the same signature,     * verify that the methods' return types are compatible.     */    for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) {         checkReturnTypes(sigmethods);     }     /* ============================================================     * Step 2: Assemble FieldInfo and MethodInfo structs for all of     * fields and methods in the class we are generating.     */    try {         methods.add(generateConstructor());         for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) {       for (ProxyMethod pm : sigmethods) {           // add static field for method's Method object           fields.add(new FieldInfo(pm.methodFieldName,         "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;",          ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_STATIC));           // generate code for proxy method and add it           methods.add(pm.generateMethod());       }         }         methods.add(generateStaticInitializer());     } catch (IOException e) {         throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception");     }     /* ============================================================     * Step 3: Write the final class file.     */    /*     * Make sure that constant pool indexes are reserved for the     * following items before starting to write the final class file.     */    cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className));     cp.getClass(superclassName);     for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {         cp.getClass(dotToSlash(interfaces[i].getName()));     }     /*     * Disallow new constant pool additions beyond this point, since     * we are about to write the final constant pool table.     */    cp.setReadOnly();     ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();     DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(bout);     try {         /*         * Write all the items of the "ClassFile" structure.         * See JVMS section 4.1.         */            // u4 magic;         dout.writeInt(0xCAFEBABE);             // u2 minor_version;         dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MINOR_VERSION);             // u2 major_version;         dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MAJOR_VERSION);         cp.write(dout);   // (write constant pool)             // u2 access_flags;         dout.writeShort(ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_SUPER);             // u2 this_class;         dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className)));             // u2 super_class;         dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(superclassName));             // u2 interfaces_count;         dout.writeShort(interfaces.length);             // u2 interfaces[interfaces_count];         for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {       dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(           dotToSlash(interfaces[i].getName())));         }             // u2 fields_count;         dout.writeShort(fields.size());             // field_info fields[fields_count];         for (FieldInfo f : fields) {       f.write(dout);         }             // u2 methods_count;         dout.writeShort(methods.size());             // method_info methods[methods_count];         for (MethodInfo m : methods) {       m.write(dout);         }                // u2 attributes_count;         dout.writeShort(0); // (no ClassFile attributes for proxy classes)     } catch (IOException e) {         throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception");     }     return bout.toByteArray(); 
复制代码

总结

一个典型的动态代理创建对象过程可分为以下四个步骤:
1、通过实现InvocationHandler接口创建自己的调用处理器 IvocationHandler handler = new InvocationHandlerImpl(...);
2、通过为Proxy类指定ClassLoader对象和一组interface创建动态代理类
Class clazz = Proxy.getProxyClass(classLoader,new Class[]{...});
3、通过反射机制获取动态代理类的构造函数,其参数类型是调用处理器接口类型
Constructor constructor = clazz.getConstructor(new Class[]{InvocationHandler.class});
4、通过构造函数创建代理类实例,此时需将调用处理器对象作为参数被传入
Interface Proxy = (Interface)constructor.newInstance(new Object[] (handler));
为了简化对象创建过程,Proxy类中的newInstance方法封装了2~4,只需两步即可完成代理对象的创建。
生成的ProxySubject继承Proxy类实现Subject接口,实现的Subject的方法实际调用处理器的invoke方法,而invoke方法利用反射调用的是被代理对象的的方法(Object result=method.invoke(proxied,args))

美中不足

诚然,Proxy已经设计得非常优美,但是还是有一点点小小的遗憾之处,那就是它始终无法摆脱仅支持interface代理的桎梏,因为它的设计注定了这个遗憾。回想一下那些动态生成的代理类的继承关系图,它们已经注定有一个共同的父类叫Proxy。Java的继承机制注定了这些动态代理类们无法实现对class的动态代理,原因是多继承在Java中本质上就行不通。有很多条理由,人们可以否定对 class代理的必要性,但是同样有一些理由,相信支持class动态代理会更美好。接口和类的划分,本就不是很明显,只是到了Java中才变得如此的细化。如果只从方法的声明及是否被定义来考量,有一种两者的混合体,它的名字叫抽象类。实现对抽象类的动态代理,相信也有其内在的价值。此外,还有一些历史遗留的类,它们将因为没有实现任何接口而从此与动态代理永世无缘。如此种种,不得不说是一个小小的遗憾。但是,不完美并不等于不伟大,伟大是一种本质,Java动态代理就是佐例。

参考资料

1、JDK动态代理实现原理

2、Java动态代理机制分析及扩展

0 0