Linux 查看系统硬件信息(实例详解)

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linux查看系统的硬件信息,并不像windows那么直观,这里我罗列了查看系统信息的实用命令,并做了分类,实例解说。

cpu

lscpu命令,查看的是cpu的统计信息.

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blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu
Architecture:          i686            #cpu
架构
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit,64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian   #
小尾序
CPU(s):                4               #
总共有4
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3
Thread(s) per core:    1               #
每个cpu核,只能支持一个线程,即不支持超线程
Core(s) per socket:    4               #
每个cpu,有4个核
Socket(s):             1               #
总共有1一个cpu
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel    #cpu
产商 intel
CPU family:            6
Model:                42
Stepping:              7
CPU MHz:              1600.000
BogoMIPS:             5986.12
Virtualization:        VT-x            #
支持cpu虚拟化技术
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              6144K

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查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息,如每个CPU的型号,主频等。

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#cat/proc/cpuinfo
processor    : 0
vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    : 6
model        : 42
model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320CPU @ 3.00GHz
.....

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上面输出的是第一个cpu部分信息,还有3cpu信息省略了。

 

内存

概要查看内存情况

free-m
             total       used       free    shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          3926       3651        274          0         12        404
-/+ buffers/cache:       3235        691
Swap:         9536         31       9505

这里的单位是MB,总共的内存是3926MB

 

查看内存详细使用

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#cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        4020868kB
MemFree:          230884kB
Buffers:            7600 kB
Cached:           454772kB
SwapCached:          836 kB
.....

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查看内存硬件信息

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dmidecode-t memory
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
    Location: System Board OrMotherboard
....
    Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
....

Handle0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
....
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x0008
    Error Information Handle: NotProvided
    Total Width: 64 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: 4096 MB
.....

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我的主板有4个槽位,只用了一个槽位,上面插了一条4096MB的内存。

 

磁盘

查看硬盘和分区分布

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# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G 0 disk
├─sda1  8:1    0     1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2  8:2    0   9.3G 0 part [SWAP]
├─sda3  8:3    0  74.5G 0 part /
├─sda4  8:4    0     1K 0 part
├─sda5  8:5    0 111.8G  0 part /home
└─sda6  8:6    0 269.2G  0 part

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显示很直观

 

如果要看硬盘和分区的详细信息

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#fdisk -l

Disk/dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00023728

DeviceBoot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048    2148351     1073152   83 Linux
/dev/sda2         2148352    21680127    9765888   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3        21680128   177930239   78125056   83  Linux
/dev/sda4       177932286   976771071  399419393    5  Extended/dev/sda5       177932288   412305407  117186560   83  Linux
/dev/sda6       412307456   976771071  282231808   83  Linux

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网卡

查看网卡硬件信息

#lspci | grep -i 'eth'
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCIExpress Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)

 

查看系统的所有网络接口

# ifconfig -a
eth0      Link encap:
以太网 硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f 
          .....

lo        Link encap:本地环回 
          .....

或者是

iplink show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_faststate UP qlen 1000
link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

 

如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息,例如eth0的详细参数和指标

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# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
    Supported ports: [ TP MII]
    Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half100baseT/Full
                           1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #
支持千兆半双工,全双工模式
    Supported pause frame use: No
    Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #
支持自适应模式,一般都支持
    Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half100baseT/Full
                           1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
    Advertised pause frame use: SymmetricReceive-only
    Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #
默认使用自适应模式
    Link partner advertised linkmodes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                        100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
    .....
    Speed: 100Mb/s #
现在网卡的速度是100Mb,网卡使用自适应模式,所以推测路由是100Mb,导致网卡从支持千兆,变成要支持百兆
    Duplex: Full   #
全双工
    .....
    Link detected: yes    #
表示有网线连接,和路由是通的

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其他

查看pci信息,即主板所有硬件槽信息。

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lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor FamilyDRAM Controller (rev 09) #
主板芯片
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation CoreProcessor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #
显卡
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI HostController (rev 04) #usb
控制器
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEIController #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced HostController #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition AudioController (rev 04) #
声卡
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1(rev c4) #pci
插槽
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3(rev c4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4(rev c4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced HostController #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev04)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller[IDE mode] (rev 04) #
硬盘接口
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev04)
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller[IDE mode] (rev 04) #
硬盘接口
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCIExpress Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #
网卡
03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)

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如果要更详细的信息:lspci-v或者 lspci -vv

如果要看设备树:lscpi-t

 

查看bios信息

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#dmidecode -t bios
......
BIOS Information
    Vendor: American MegatrendsInc.
    Version: 4.6.5
    Release Date: 04/25/2012
    .......
    BIOS Revision: 4.6
......

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dmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS,既可以得到当前的配置,也可以得到系统支持的最大配置,比如说支持的最大内存数等。

如果要查看所有有用信息

dmidecode-q

里面包含了很多硬件信息。


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