iOS文件上传
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iOS中用系统提供的API能实现能实现文件的上传与下载,分别有两种方式。NSURLConnection与NSURLSession。
其中NSURLConnection是使用很久的的一种方式,NSURLSession是新出来的一种方式。
一、 POST方式上传
POST方式提交信息默认使用的是 :
*Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
*输入中文时,post方式自动进行转义(苹果中自动).
国内的绝大多数网站都采用这种方式上传文件(支持二进制文件)
*Content-Type:multipart/form-data(上传文件)
*都会限制上传文件的大小一般是2M或者更小。
在苹果中进行上传操作十分麻烦。需要拼接好上传所需要的字符串格式,然后才能实现上传。(还要加上头部)
其他平台做的好一点的可能封装好了,不需要自己拼接字符串格式。因此iOS中很少用这种方式上传。
示例代码:
- #import "XNUploadFile.h"
-
- #define kTimeOut 5.0f
-
- @implementation XNUploadFile
-
- static NSString *boundaryStr = @"--";
-
- static NSString *randomIDStr;
-
- static NSString *uploadID;
-
- - (instancetype)init
- {
- self = [super init];
- if (self) {
-
- randomIDStr = @"itcastupload";
-
-
-
- uploadID = @"uploadFile";
- }
- return self;
- }
-
- #pragma mark - 成员方法. 用NSURLSession来完成上传
- - (void)uploadFile:(NSString *)path fileName:(NSString *)fileName completion:(void (^)(NSString *string))completion
- {
-
- NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://localhost/new/post/upload.php"];
-
-
- NSURLRequest *request = [self requestForUploadURL:url uploadFileName:fileName localFilePath:path];
-
-
-
- NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
-
-
-
- [[session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {
-
- id result = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:0 error:NULL];
-
- NSLog(@"%@ %@", result, [NSThread currentThread]);
-
- dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
- if (completion) {
- completion(@"下载完成");
- }
- });
- }] resume];
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- }
-
- #pragma mark - 私有方法 : 拼字符串
-
- - (NSString *)topStringWithMimeType:(NSString *)mimeType uploadFile:(NSString *)uploadFile
- {
- NSMutableString *strM = [NSMutableString string];
-
- [strM appendFormat:@"%@%@\n", boundaryStr, randomIDStr];
- [strM appendFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%@\"; filename=\"%@\"\n", uploadID, uploadFile];
- [strM appendFormat:@"Content-Type: %@\n\n", mimeType];
-
- NSLog(@"顶部字符串:%@", strM);
- return [strM copy];
- }
-
-
- - (NSString *)bottomString
- {
- NSMutableString *strM = [NSMutableString string];
-
- [strM appendFormat:@"%@%@\n", boundaryStr, randomIDStr];
- [strM appendString:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"submit\"\n\n"];
- [strM appendString:@"Submit\n"];
- [strM appendFormat:@"%@%@--\n", boundaryStr, randomIDStr];
-
- NSLog(@"底部字符串:%@", strM);
- return [strM copy];
- }
-
-
- - (NSString *)mimeTypeWithFilePath:(NSString *)filePath
- {
-
- if (![[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:filePath]) {
- return nil;
- }
-
-
- NSURL *url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:filePath];
- NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
-
-
- NSURLResponse *response = nil;
- [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:&response error:NULL];
-
- return response.MIMEType;
- }
-
-
- - (NSURLRequest *)requestForUploadURL:(NSURL *)url uploadFileName:(NSString *)fileName localFilePath:(NSString *)filePath
- {
-
- NSString *mimeType = [self mimeTypeWithFilePath:filePath];
- if (!mimeType) return nil;
-
-
- NSMutableData *dataM = [NSMutableData data];
- [dataM appendData:[[self topStringWithMimeType:mimeType uploadFile:fileName] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
-
- [dataM appendData:[NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath]];
- [dataM appendData:[[self bottomString] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
-
-
- NSMutableURLRequest *requestM = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url cachePolicy:0 timeoutInterval:kTimeOut];
-
- requestM.HTTPMethod = @"POST";
-
- requestM.HTTPBody = dataM;
-
- NSString *typeStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"multipart/form-data; boundary=%@", randomIDStr];
- [requestM setValue:typeStr forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
-
- NSString *lengthStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", @([dataM length])];
- [requestM setValue:lengthStr forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];
-
- return [requestM copy];
- }
注意:POST上传时,是不允许重名的.(否则出错)
二、 PUT方式上传
session中的upload方法只能用于PUT上传,不能用于POST上传.
用PUT方式上传的好处:(需要身份验证)
*不用像POST一样,拼一堆字符串.
*直接base64编码一下身份验证, session的upload一调用就行了.
*没有文件大小限制.
*即时通讯里面用的多.(发图片/发语音)
- - (void)putFile
- {
-
- NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://localhost/uploads/abcd"]; //abcd为文件名
-
-
- NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
- request.HTTPMethod = @"PUT";
-
-
-
-
-
-
- NSString *authStr = @"admin:123";
- NSString *authBase64 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Basic %@", [self base64Encode:authStr]];
- [request setValue:authBase64 forHTTPHeaderField:@"Authorization"];
-
-
- NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
-
-
- NSURL *localURL = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"001.png" withExtension:nil];
- [[session uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromFile:localURL completionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {
-
- NSString *result = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
-
- NSLog(@"sesult---> %@ %@", result, [NSThread currentThread]);
- }] resume];
- }
-
- - (NSString *)base64Encode:(NSString *)str
- {
-
- NSData *data = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
-
-
- NSString *result = [data base64EncodedStringWithOptions:0];
-
- NSLog(@"base464--> %@", result);
-
- return result;
- }
PUT方式与DELETE对应,DELETE用于删除PUT方式上传的文件。
TIPS:session使用注意
*网络会话, 方便程序员使用网络服务.
*如:可以获得当前上传文件的进度.
*NSURLSession的任务, 默认都是异步的.(在其他线程中工作)
*Task是由会话发起的.
*注意网络请求都要进行出错处理.
*session默认是挂起的, 需要resume一下才能启动.
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