通过Python调用OpenStack 的RESTful API

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使用openstack api 可用python sdk ，需要部署相应组件的命令客户端，例如请求nova,需要python-novaclient

实际上是加入了novaclient 的库

root@ubuntu:~# ll /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/novaclient/auth_plugin.py       base.pyc             crypto.py            exceptions.pyc       __init__.py          service_catalog.py   shell.pyc            utils.pyc            auth_plugin.pyc      client.py            crypto.pyc           extension.py         __init__.pyc         service_catalog.pyc  tests/               v1_1/                base.py              client.pyc           exceptions.py        extension.pyc        openstack/           shell.py             utils.py             v3/

如果请求glance,neutron 组件，同样需部署其组件的命令行客户端

为了避免部署，可以通过调用restful api 来实现, 了解 openstack restful api

python 调用restful api 其实用了urllib2 来实现，这个库一般的系统都会自带，import urllib2 即可，下面贴出一些例子

一，通过认证

def curl_keystone():    url = 'http://192.168.12.1:35357/v2.0/tokens'    values = {"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username":"admin","password":"password"},"tenantName":"admin"}}    params = json.dumps(values)    headers = {"Content-type":"application/json","Accept": "application/json"}    req = urllib2.Request(url, params, headers)    response = urllib2.urlopen(req)    data = response.read()    ddata=json.loads(data)    token = ddata['access']['token']['id']    return token

二，查询 IP

def curl_nova_addr(id):    """       :param id: vm id       :Restore vm ip address.    """    xtoken = curl_keystone()    url = 'http://192.168.12.1:8774/v2/2996e46c2519415d8de2b141d6c607ba/servers/'+id    headers = {"Content-type":"application/json","Accept": "application/json"}    req = urllib2.Request(url)    req.add_header('X-Auth-Token',xtoken)    response = urllib2.urlopen(req)    data = response.read()    ddata=json.loads(data)    net = ddata['server']['addresses']['sharednet1']    addr = net[0]['addr']    return addr

三，通过name 查询id

def curl_nova_id(name):    """       :param name: Something to name the server.       :Restore vm id.    """    ID=""    xtoken = curl_keystone()    url = 'http://192.168.12.1:8774/v2/2996e46c2519415d8de2b141d6c607ba/servers'    headers = {"Content-type":"application/json","Accept": "application/json"}    req = urllib2.Request(url)    req.add_header('X-Auth-Token',xtoken)    response = urllib2.urlopen(req)    data = response.read()    ddata=json.loads(data)    list=ddata['servers']    print len(list)    print list    for i in list:       if(i['name'] == name):           ID= i['id']    return ID

知道了如何通过urllib2 发送请求的方式，就可以轻松调用openstack 了

更多 restful api 的使用，请参考 http://developer.openstack.org/api-ref-compute-v2.1.html ，包括了各个组件的 restful api 详解

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