用python从excel表格中读取数据生成可以放在科技论文中的图片

最近在写毕业小论文，需要插入符合科技论文的数据图，其实很多的设置都是规定好的，虽然自己在excel中设置一下也不花多少时间，觉得好玩想着是不是可以用python做一个自动读取数据画图的小脚本，以后写报告也可以用得着。

其实整个思路很清楚，两个晚上的样子就搭好了大体的程序，主要用的就是xlrd的模块读取excel中的内容，用matplotlib画图。主要的时间基本耗费在线条粗细设置啦字体这些上面。

下面给出程序。

"""Created on Thu Dec 17 19:46:22 2015@author: hp-hp"""import sys,xdrlibimport osimport xlrdimport numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport matplotlibfrom scipy.interpolate import interp1dfrom matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocatorpath=os.getcwd()LineColor=['','black','red','darkblue']ll=['none','-','--','-.',':']#myfont=matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(fname='times.ttf',size=12)def GetDataFromExcel(file,by_index=0):    data=xlrd.open_workbook(file)#    print dir(data)    table=data.sheets()[by_index]    #print table    nrows=table.nrows    #print nrows,'nrows'    ncols=table.ncols    #print ncols,'nclos'    databig=np.zeros((ncols,nrows-1))    #print databig    #list_x=[]    for colnum in range(ncols):        listx=[]        #global databig        #print 'colnum=',colnum        col=table.col_values(colnum)        for rownum in range(1,nrows):            #print'rownum=',rownum                        listx.append(col[rownum])            #print listx        databig[colnum]=listx            return databig    def GetSheetNum(file):    data=xlrd.open_workbook(file)    return len(data.sheets())     def GetFlag(file,by_index):    data=xlrd.open_workbook(file)    flag=data.sheets()[by_index].name    return flag    def GetLabel(file,by_index):    linelabel=[]    data=xlrd.open_workbook(file)    table=data.sheets()[by_index]    nrows=table.nrows    ncols=table.ncols    row0=table.row_values(0)    for i in range(1,ncols):#        aa='$'+row0[i]+'$'        aa=row0[i]        linelabel.append(aa)#    print linelabel    return linelabel                def GenerateFigure(x,labellist,flag,xmin,xmax,legendlocation):    plt.figure(figsize=(8,4))    xnum=x.shape[1]    xnumnew=xnum*7    ax=plt.gca()###########################画图啦##################################################    for i in range(1,x.shape[0]):        f=interp1d(x[0], x[i], kind='cubic')        xnew = np.linspace(x[0][0], x[0][xnum-1], num=xnumnew, endpoint=True)        plt.plot(xnew,f(xnew),ll[i],color=LineColor[i],linewidth=2.5)                 lg=plt.legend(labellist,shadow='true')        for t in lg.get_texts():#            print dir(t)                                    t.set_font_properties('Times New Roman')            t.set_fontweight('bold')            t.set_fontsize(12)    font = {'family' : 'Times New Roman',          'color'  : 'black',          'weight' : 'bold',          'size'   : 12,          }    for tick in ax.xaxis.get_major_ticks():#        print dir(tick.label1)        tick.label1.set_font_properties('Times New Roman')        tick.label1.set_weight('bold')           tick.label1.set_fontsize(12)            for tick in ax.yaxis.get_major_ticks():                tick.label1.set_font_properties('Times New Roman')        tick.label1.set_weight('bold')        tick.label1.set_fontsize(12)    wrapper=ax.spines    wrapper['top'].set_linewidth(2)    wrapper['bottom'].set_linewidth(2)    wrapper['left'].set_linewidth(2)    wrapper['right'].set_linewidth(2)        for tickline in ax.xaxis.get_ticklines():        tickline.set_markeredgewidth(1.5)        tickline.set_markersize(4)    for tickline in ax.yaxis.get_ticklines():        tickline.set_markeredgewidth(1.5)        tickline.set_markersize(4)        if (flag.upper()=='VSWR'):        plt.xlabel("Freq (Ghz)",fontdict=font)        plt.ylabel("VSWR",fontdict=font)        ax.get_legend()._loc=legendlocation        if(xmin!='default' and xmax!='default'):            plt.xlim(xmin,xmax)            if (flag.upper()[:4]=='GAIN'):        plt.xlim(-90,90)        ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(30))         plt.xlabel("Theta (deg)",fontdict=font)        plt.ylabel("Gain (dB)",fontdict=font)        ax.get_legend()._loc=8        if (flag.upper()=='S11'):        plt.xlabel("Freq (GHz)",fontdict=font)        plt.ylabel("S11 (dB)",fontdict=font)        ax.get_legend()._loc=legendlocation        if(xmin!='default' and xmax!='default'):            plt.xlim(xmin,xmax)        if (flag.upper()[0:9]=='RCSVSFREQ'):        plt.xlabel("Freq (Ghz)",fontdict=font)        plt.ylabel("Monostatic RCS (dB)",fontdict=font)        ax.get_legend()._loc=2        if(xmin!='default' and xmax!='default'):            plt.xlim(xmin,xmax)#    plt.savefig('01.png',dpi=75)def SaveFigure(filename,flag,dpivalue):    figurename=''    filenamenew=filename.split('.')[0]    figurename=filenamenew+'_'+flag#    print figurename    plt.savefig(figurename,dpi=dpivalue)#    print plt.savefig.__doc__        if __name__=='__main__':    filename='jx.xlsx'#    sheetnum=1    sheetnum=GetSheetNum(filename)    for sheetnum in range(sheetnum):        flag=GetFlag(filename,sheetnum)        x=GetDataFromExcel(filename,sheetnum)        labelx=GetLabel(filename,sheetnum)#    lablex=["$xx$","$yy$","$zz$","$aa$"]        flagx=GetFlag(filename,sheetnum)        GenerateFigure(x,labelx,flagx)        SaveFigure(filename,flag)#        print GetFlag('vswr.xlsx',1)

因为后来想写一个ui界面，方便其他小伙伴一起用，后来发现用的Tkinter做出来的界面实在太丑，各种设置选项又太多，那样还不如直接用excel了，于是作罢了。所以程序里有些小改动，后来懒得改回去了。

最终生成的图片是这样的：