Gradle：Gradle入门

一、安装Gradle 

1.首先确保你安装的JDK1.5或以上版本； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS>java -version java version "1.8.0_65" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_65-b17) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.65-b01, mixed mode) 

2.从官方网站下载相应的版本，将下载文件解压到某个目录； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS>gradle -v ------------------------------------------------------------ Gradle 2.2.1 ------------------------------------------------------------ Build time:   2014-11-24 09:45:35 UTC Build number: none Revision:     6fcb59c06f43a4e6b1bcb401f7686a8601a1fb4a Groovy:       2.3.6 Ant:          Apache Ant(TM) version 1.9.3 compiled on December 23 2013 JVM:          1.8.0_45 (Oracle Corporation 25.45-b02) OS:           Windows 7 6.1 amd64

二、开始使用Gradle 

1.每个Gradle构建都是一个脚本开始的，构建默认的脚本名称是build.gradle。当执行gradle命令的时候，Gradle会去寻找名字为build.gradle的文件。如果找不到，就会显示一个帮助信息； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle :help Welcome to Gradle 2.2.1. To run a build, run gradle <task> ... To see a list of available tasks, run gradle tasks To see a list of command-line options, run gradle --help BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 3.132 secs 

2.创建build.gradle文件，创建task叫做helloWorld，文件如下。并运行该任务：gradle -q helloWord； 

build.gradle文件 

task helloWorld{     //task执行的最后一个目标     doLast {         println 'Hello world!'     } } 

运行task任务helloWord，通过-q定义可选命令行选项quiet。 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q helloWorld Hello world! 

3.创建新的build.gradle文件，演示gradle的task依赖dependsOn来说明task之间的依赖，Gradle和Ant很好的集成，定义动态task，运行时指定它们的名字； 

build.gradle文件 

task startSession << {     chant() }  def chant() {     //隐含对Ant任务的使用     ant.echo(message: 'Repeat after me ...') }  //动态任务的定义 3.times {     task "yayGradle$it" << {         println 'gradle tocks'     } }  //依赖任务 yayGradle0.dependsOn startSession yayGradle2.dependsOn yayGradle1, yayGradle0 task groupTherapy (dependsOn: yayGradle2) 

运行gradle构建，执行命令gralde groupTherapy。gradle task执行顺序：startSession->yayGradle0->yayGradle1->yayGradle2->groupTherapy； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy :startSession [ant:echo] Repeat after me ... :yayGradle0 gradle tocks :yayGradle1 gradle tocks :yayGradle2 gradle tocks :groupTherapy  BUILD SUCCESSFUL  Total time: 3.83 secs 

三、使用Gradle的命令行 

1.gradle提供了一个叫做tasks的帮助任务来帮助你查看构建脚本和显示每个可以使用的task，包含描述该task作用的信息； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q tasks  ------------------------------------------------------------ All tasks runnable from root project ------------------------------------------------------------ //任务组Build Setup，看做是多个task的集群 Build Setup tasks ----------------- init - Initializes a new Gradle build. [incubating] wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files. [incubating]  //Help任务组，列出了任务名字和它们的描述 Help tasks ---------- components - Displays the components produced by root project 'HelloWorld'. [incubating] dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project 'HelloWorld'. dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project 'HelloWorld'. help - Displays a help message. projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project 'HelloWorld'. properties - Displays the properties of root project 'HelloWorld'. tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project 'HelloWorld'.  //如果某个task不属于任何一个任务组，那么它就会显示在Other tasks中 Other tasks ----------- groupTherapy  To see all tasks and more detail, run with --all. 

2.查看构建脚本中定义的其他的task； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle -q tasks - -all … …  Other tasks ----------- //依赖关系图的根task，以执行顺序用缩进的方式列出依赖任务的名字 groupTherapy     startSession     yayGradle0     yayGradle1     yayGradle2 

四、任务执行 

1.通过在命令行中通过多个参数，一次执行多个任务； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yayGradle0 groupTherapy :startSession [ant:echo] Repeat after me ... :yayGradle0 gradle tocks :yayGradle1 gradle tocks :yayGradle2 gradle tocks :groupTherapy  BUILD SUCCESSFUL  Total time: 3.826 secs 

2.可以使用驼峰式的缩写在命令行上运行任务，任务名字的缩写必须是唯一的，Gradle才能找到相应的任务； 

正确执行 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yG0 gT :startSession [ant:echo] Repeat after me ... :yayGradle0 gradle tocks :yayGradle1 gradle tocks :yayGradle2 gradle tocks :groupTherapy  BUILD SUCCESSFUL  Total time: 3.8 secs 

错误执行 
build.gradle文件 

task groupTherapy << { }  task generateTests << { } 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle yG0 gT FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.  * What went wrong: Task 'yG0' not found in root project 'HelloWorld'.  * Try: Run gradle tasks to get a list of available tasks. Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with                                               --info or                                                                             --debug option to get more log output.  BUILD FAILED  Total time: 4.423 secs 

3.在执行任务时排除一个任务，-x参数来实现； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy -x  //gradle排除了和它依赖的任务yayGradle0和startSession yayGradle0 :yayGradle1 gradle tocks :yayGradle2 gradle tocks :groupTherapy  BUILD SUCCESSFUL  Total time: 3.511 secs 

五、命令行选项 

1.-?,h,- -help：打印所有可用的命令行选项，包含描述信息； 

2.-b,--build-file：执行一个特定名字的构建脚本； 

3.-i,--info：将Gradle的日志级别的改变到INFO以获得更多信息； 

4.-s,--stacktrace：构建在运行出现错误，有异常抛出时会打印出简短的堆栈跟踪信息； 

5.-q,--quiet：减少构建出错时打印出来的错误日志信息； 

 

六、Gradle守护进程 

1.守护进程以后台进程方式运行Gradle。一旦启动，gradle命令就会在后续的构建中重用之前创建的守护进行，以避免启动时造成的开销； 

2.--daemon选项，守护进行只会被创建一次，即时你在命令加了--daemon选项； 

3.守护进行会在3个小时空闲时之后自动活期； 

4.--no-daemon，手动停止守护进程； 

C:\Users\chengxiang.peng.QUNARSERVERS\GradleSources\HelloWorld>gradle groupTherapy --daemon :startSession [ant:echo] Repeat after me ... :yayGradle0 gradle tocks :yayGradle1 gradle tocks :yayGradle2 gradle tocks :groupTherapy  BUILD SUCCESSFUL  Total time: 2.171 secs