CentOS 6.5上inotify-tools使用方法

Linux内核从2.6.13开始，引入了inotify机制。通过intofity机制，能够对文件系统的变化进行监控，如对文件进行创建、删除、修改等操作，可以及时通知应用程序进行相关事件的处理。这种响应处理机制，避免了频繁的文件轮询任务，提高了任务的处理效率。

一、检查系统内核版本

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ ~]# uname -aLinux iZ25w1kdi5zZ 2.6.32-431.23.3.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 31 17:20:51 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

二、检查系统是否支持inotify

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ ~]# ls -lsart /proc/sys/fs/inotifytotal 00 dr-xr-xr-x 0 root root 0 Sep 19 09:38 ..0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan  1 13:51 max_user_watches0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan  1 13:51 max_user_instances0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan  1 13:51 max_queued_events0 dr-xr-xr-x 0 root root 0 Jan  1 13:51 .

如果出现上面结果说明系统支持inotify。

三、下载安装

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ src]#wget http://github.com/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ src]# tar -zvxf inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ src]# cd inotify-tools-3.14[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ inotify-tools-3.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/inotify[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ inotify-tools-3.14]# make[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ inotify-tools-3.14]# make install

四、查看inotify默认参数

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# sysctl -a | grep max_queued_eventsfs.inotify.max_queued_events = 16384[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# sysctl -a | grep max_user_watchesfs.inotify.max_user_watches = 8192fs.epoll.max_user_watches = 798863[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# sysctl -a | grep max_user_instancesfs.inotify.max_user_instances = 128

五、修改inotify参数

1、命令修改

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# sysctl -w fs.inotify.max_user_instances=130fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 130

2、文件修改

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf#添加如下代码fs.inotify.max_user_instances=130

3、参数说明 

max_user_instances：每个用户创建inotify实例最大值

max_queued_events：inotify队列最大长度，如果值太小，会出现错误，导致监控文件不准确

max_user_watches：要知道同步的文件包含的目录数，可以用：[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZhome]# find /home/rain -type d|wc -l 统计，必须保证参数值大于统计结果（/home/rain为同步文件目录）。

六、创建实时监控脚本

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ ~]# mkdir -p /opt/scripts[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ ~]# cd /opt/scripts[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ scripts]# vi inotify_start.sh/usr/local/inotify/bin/inotifywait -mrq -e modify,create,move,delete \--fromfile '/opt/scripts/ffile' \--timefmt '%y-%m-%d %H:%M' --format '%T %f %e' \--outfile '/tmp/rsync.log'

inotifywait常用参数：--timefmt 时间格式%y年 %m月 %d日 %H小时 %M分钟--format 输出格式%T时间 %w路径 %f文件名 %e状态-m 始终保持监听状态，默认触发事件即退出。-r 递归查询目录-q 打印出监控事件-e 定义监控的事件，可用参数：open 打开文件access 访问文件modify 修改文件delete 删除文件create 新建文件attrb  属性变更

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ scripts]# vi ffile/home/rain/@/home/rain/cache

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ scripts]# chmod a+x ./inotify_start.sh

启动：

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ scripts]#  ./inotify_start.sh

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ ~]# cd /home/rain[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ rain]# mkdir yy

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ rain]# cat /tmp/rsync.log16-01-02 16:21 yy CREATE,ISDIR

七、附录

1、inotifywait

使用方法和参数说明：

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# ./inotifywait -hinotifywait 3.14Wait for a particular event on a file or set of files.Usage: inotifywait [ options ] file1 [ file2 ] [ file3 ] [ ... ]Options:        -h|--help       Show this help text.        @<file>         Exclude the specified file from being watched.        --exclude <pattern>                        Exclude all events on files matching the                        extended regular expression <pattern>.        --excludei <pattern>                        Like --exclude but case insensitive.        -m|--monitor    Keep listening for events forever.  Without                        this option, inotifywait will exit after one                        event is received.        -d|--daemon     Same as --monitor, except run in the background                        logging events to a file specified by --outfile.                        Implies --syslog.        -r|--recursive  Watch directories recursively.        --fromfile <file>                        Read files to watch from <file> or `-' for stdin.        -o|--outfile <file>                        Print events to <file> rather than stdout.        -s|--syslog     Send errors to syslog rather than stderr.        -q|--quiet      Print less (only print events).        -qq             Print nothing (not even events).        --format <fmt>  Print using a specified printf-like format                        string; read the man page for more details.        --timefmt <fmt> strftime-compatible format string for use with                        %T in --format string.        -c|--csv        Print events in CSV format.        -t|--timeout <seconds>                        When listening for a single event, time out after                        waiting for an event for <seconds> seconds.                        If <seconds> is 0, inotifywait will never time out.        -e|--event <event1> [ -e|--event <event2> ... ]                Listen for specific event(s).  If omitted, all events are                 listened for.Exit status:        0  -  An event you asked to watch for was received.        1  -  An event you did not ask to watch for was received              (usually delete_self or unmount), or some error occurred.        2  -  The --timeout option was given and no events occurred              in the specified interval of time.Events:        access          file or directory contents were read        modify          file or directory contents were written        attrib          file or directory attributes changed        close_write     file or directory closed, after being opened in                        writeable mode        close_nowrite   file or directory closed, after being opened in                        read-only mode        close           file or directory closed, regardless of read/write mode        open            file or directory opened        moved_to        file or directory moved to watched directory        moved_from      file or directory moved from watched directory        move            file or directory moved to or from watched directory        create          file or directory created within watched directory        delete          file or directory deleted within watched directory        delete_self     file or directory was deleted        unmount         file system containing file or directory unmounted

2、inotifywatch

使用方法和参数说明：

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# ./inotifywatch -hinotifywatch 3.14Gather filesystem usage statistics using inotify.Usage: inotifywatch [ options ] file1 [ file2 ] [ ... ]Options:        -h|--help       Show this help text.        -v|--verbose    Be verbose.        @<file>         Exclude the specified file from being watched.        --fromfile <file>                Read files to watch from <file> or `-' for stdin.        --exclude <pattern>                Exclude all events on files matching the extended regular                expression <pattern>.        --excludei <pattern>                Like --exclude but case insensitive.        -z|--zero                In the final table of results, output rows and columns even                if they consist only of zeros (the default is to not output                these rows and columns).        -r|--recursive  Watch directories recursively.        -t|--timeout <seconds>                Listen only for specified amount of time in seconds; if                omitted or 0, inotifywatch will execute until receiving an                interrupt signal.        -e|--event <event1> [ -e|--event <event2> ... ]                Listen for specific event(s).  If omitted, all events are                 listened for.        -a|--ascending <event>                Sort ascending by a particular event, or `total'.        -d|--descending <event>                Sort descending by a particular event, or `total'.Exit status:        0  -  Exited normally.        1  -  Some error occurred.Events:        access          file or directory contents were read        modify          file or directory contents were written        attrib          file or directory attributes changed        close_write     file or directory closed, after being opened in                        writeable mode        close_nowrite   file or directory closed, after being opened in                        read-only mode        close           file or directory closed, regardless of read/write mode        open            file or directory opened        moved_to        file or directory moved to watched directory        moved_from      file or directory moved from watched directory        move            file or directory moved to or from watched directory        create          file or directory created within watched directory        delete          file or directory deleted within watched directory        delete_self     file or directory was deleted        unmount         file system containing file or directory unmounted