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nodejs+mongoose简单关联+增删改查

来源：互联网 发布：网络电影 罪 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/04/29 10:30

本篇文章是关于mongoose的简单操作，包括使用objectId来关联和一些增删查改的方法。希望能指出不正确的地方，因为我也是初学者。也希望能对其他初学者有帮助！谢谢！微笑微笑


node.js目录结构：

routes：路由分发

controller：mvc中C层，做逻辑处理

models：mvc中m层，数据表模型

DBsql：模型sql操作

DBhelper：公共sql方法


数据表结构

user：学生表

schoolClass：班级表

user_schoolClass：多对多中间表



逻辑过程：

（1）新建对应表模型及关联

（2）设计增删改查语句

（3）逻辑层使用模型去执行增删查改方法


（1）新建对应表模型及关联

user模型

var mongoose = require('mongoose');var Schema   = mongoose.Schema;//schema 就是如何定义数据的结构var userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({    userName:{type:String}});//生成方法getModel给予调用，返回user模型module.exports = {    getModel: function(){        return _getModel();    }};//通过db将表user和Schema结构连接在一起，没有表的话会自动产生。var _getModel = function(type,err){    var userModel = global.db.model('user',userSchema);    return userModel;};
schoolClass模型

var mongoose = require('mongoose');var Schema   = mongoose.Schema;var schoolClassSchema = new mongoose.Schema({    schoolClassName:{type:String}});module.exports = {    getModel: function(){        return _getModel();    }};var _getModel = function(){    var schoolClassModel = global.db.model('schoolClass',schoolClassSchema);    return schoolClassModel;};
user_schoolClass模型

var mongoose = require('mongoose');var Schema   = mongoose.Schema;var user_schoolClassSchema = new mongoose.Schema({    userId:{type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'user' },//定义类型为objectid ,ref是关联的模型名称    schoolClassId:{type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'schoolClass' }<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">//定义类型为objectid ,ref是关联的模型名称</span>});module.exports = {    getModel: function(){        return _getModel();    }};var _getModel = function(type,err){    var user_schoolClassModel = global.db.model('user_schoolClass',user_schoolClassSchema);    return user_schoolClassModel;};
（2）设计增删改查语句

dbHelper.js

/** * 公共Add方法 * @param model 要操作数据库的模型 * @param conditions 增加的条件,如{id:xxx} * @param callback 回调方法 */exports.addData =function(model,conditions,callback) {    model.create(conditions, function(err,result){        if(err) {            console.log(err);            callback({success:0,flag:"save data fail"});        } else {            console.log('save success');            callback({success:1,flag:"save data success"});        }    });}/** * 公共update方法 * @param model 要操作数据库的模型 * @param conditions 增加的条件,如{id:xxx} * @param update 更新条件{set{id:xxx}} * @param options  * @param callback */exports.updateData =function(model,conditions,update,options,callback) {    model.update(conditions, update, options, function(error,result){        if(error) {            console.log(error);            callback({success:0,flag:"update data fail"});        } else {            if(result.n!=0){                console.log('update success!');                callback({success:1,flag:"update data success"});            }            else{                console.log('update fail:no this data!');                callback({success:0, flag: 'update fail:no this data!'});            }        }    });}/** * 公共remove方法 * @param model * @param conditions * @param callback */exports.removeData =function(model,conditions,callback) {    model.remove(conditions, function(error,result) {        if (error) {            console.log(error);            callback({success: 0, flag: "remove data fail"});        } else {            if(result.result.n!=0){                console.log('remove success!');                callback({success: 1, flag: "remove data success"});            }            else{                console.log('remove fail:no this data!');                callback({success:0, flag: 'remove fail:no this data!'});            }        }    });}/** * 公共find方法 非关联查找 * @param model * @param conditions * @param fields 查找时限定的条件，如顺序，某些字段不查找等 * @param options * @param callback */exports.findData =function(model,conditions,fields,options,callback) {    model.find(conditions, fields, options, function(error, result){        if(error) {            console.log(error);            callback({success: 0, flag: "find data fail"});        } else {            if(result.length!=0){                console.log('find success!');                callback({success: 1, flag: "find data success",result:result});            }            else{                console.log('find fail:no this data!');                callback({success: 0, flag: 'find fail:no this data!'});            }        }    });}/** * 公共populate find方法 * 是关联查找 * @param model * @param conditions * @param path :The field need to be refilled （需要覆盖的字段） * @param fields :select fields (name -_id,Separated by a space field,In front of the field name plus "-"said not filled in) * @param refmodel （关联的字段，有path可为null） * @param options * @param callback */exports.findDataPopulation =function(model,conditions,path,fields,refmodel,options,callback) {    model.find(conditions)    .populate(path,fields, refmodel,options)    .exec(function(err, result) {            if(err) {                console.log(err);                callback({success: 0, flag: 'population find data fail'});            } else {                if(result.length!=0){                    console.log('population find success!');                    callback({success: 1, flag: 'population find data success',result:result});                }                else{                    console.log('population find fail:no this data!');                    callback({success: 0, flag: 'population find fail:no this data!'});                }            }    });}

userDao（schoolClassDao跟userDao一样，只是获取model是获取schoolClass的model就不贴出来了）

var user =require('../models/user');/** * 调用公共add方法并且传入操作数据库的模型user * @returns {Function} */exports.addUser = function(conditions,dbHelper,callback) {    //获取user模型    var userModel =user.getModel();    dbHelper.addData(userModel,conditions,function(result) {        callback(result);    });};/** * 调用公共find方法并且传入操作数据库的模型user * @param conditions * @param dbHelper * @param callback */exports.findUser = function(conditions,dbHelper,callback) {    var userModel =user.getModel();    var fields   = {};    var options  = {};    dbHelper.findData(userModel,conditions,fields,options,function(result){        callback(result);    });}/** * 调用公共remove方法并且传入操作数据库的模型user * @param conditions * @param dbHelper * @param callback */exports.removeUser = function(conditions,dbHelper,callback) {    var userModel =user.getModel();    dbHelper.removeData(userModel,conditions,function(result){        callback(result);    });}/** * 调用公共update方法并且传入操作数据库的模型user * @param conditions * @param update * @param options * @param dbHelper * @param callback */exports.updateUser = function(conditions,update,options,dbHelper,callback) {    var userModel =user.getModel();    dbHelper.updateData(userModel,conditions,update,options,function(result){        callback(result);    });}

user_schoolClassDao

var user_schoolClass =require('../models/user_schoolClass');var user = require('../models/user');var schoolClass = require('../models/schoolClass');/** * add User_schoolClass * @param conditions * @param dbHelper * @param callback */exports.addUser_schoolClass = function(conditions,dbHelper,callback) {    var user_schoolClassModel =user_schoolClass.getModel();    dbHelper.addData(user_schoolClassModel,conditions,function(result) {        callback(result);    });}/** * find User_SchoolClass 非Ref * @param conditions * @param dbHelper * @param callback */exports.findUser_schoolClass = function(conditions,dbHelper,callback) {    var user_schoolClassModel =user_schoolClass.getModel();    var conditions =conditions;    var fields   = {};    var options  = {};    dbHelper.findData(user_schoolClassModel,conditions,fields,options,function(result){        callback(result);    });}/** * find User_SchoolClass 是Ref * @param conditions * @param path         需要被填充的字段 * @param dbHelper * @param callback */exports.findUser_schoolClassRef = function(conditions,path,dbHelper,callback) {    var user_schoolClassModel =user_schoolClass.getModel();    var path = path;    var fields   = {__v:0};    var options  = {sort:{_id:1}};    var refmodel1 = schoolClass.getModel();    var refmodel2 = user.getModel();    dbHelper.findDataPopulation(user_schoolClassModel,conditions,path,fields,{},options,function(result){        callback(result);    });}/** * remove User_shcoolClass * @param conditions * @param dbHelper * @param callback */exports.removeUser_schoolClass = function(conditions,dbHelper,callback) {    var user_schoolClassModel =user_schoolClass.getModel();    dbHelper.removeData(user_schoolClassModel,conditions,function(result){        callback(result);    });}/** * update User_schoolClass * @param conditions * @param update * @param options * @param dbHelper * @param callback */exports.updateUser_schoolClass = function(conditions,update,options,dbHelper,callback) {    var user_schoolClassModel =user_schoolClass.getModel();    dbHelper.updateData(user_schoolClassModel,conditions,update,options,function(result){        callback(result);    });    }

findUser_schoolClass ：不会找出user和schoolClass的实际内容

findUser_schoolClassRef ：会找出user和schoolClass的实际内容


（3）逻辑层使用模型去执行增删查改方法

var dbHelper = require('../DBhelper/dbHelper');var userDao =require('../DBSql/userDao');/** * add user * @returns {Function} */exports.userAddAction = function() {    return function(req, res) {        var user = new Array();        for(var i=0;i<10;i++){            user.push({                _id   : new global.mongoose.Types.ObjectId(),                userName  : "user"+(i+1)//字段如果不是在model里面定义字段，则不会被录入            });        }        userDao.addUser(user,dbHelper,function(result){            res.json(result);        });    }}/** * get User List * @returns {Function} */exports.userFindAction = function() {    return function(req, res) {        var conditions ={};        userDao.findUser(conditions,dbHelper,function(result){            res.json(result);        });    }}exports.userRemoveAction = function() {    return function(req, res) {        var conditions ={};        userDao.removeUser(conditions,dbHelper,function(result){            res.json(result);        });        //除了要删除user表里的内容，还要删除关联表(user_schoolClass)的内容    }}exports.userUpdateAction = function() {    return function (req, res) {        var conditions = {};        var update = {}//{$set : {userName:xxx}};        var options = {}//{upsert:false};        userDao.updateUser(conditions, update, options, dbHelper, function (result) {            res.json(result);        });        //如果要更加关联对象，需要update user_schoolClass表中的userid 和scoolClassId    }}

schoolClassManagermentController跟userManagementController一样，只有add方法有改变

var schoolClassDao =require('../DBSql/schoolClassDao');var dbHelper = require('../DBhelper/dbHelper');/** * add schoolClass * @returns {Function} */exports.schoolClassAddAction = function() {    return function(req, res) {        var schoolClass =new Array();        //新建两个班级        for(var i=0;i<2;i++){            schoolClass.push({                _id   : new global.mongoose.Types.ObjectId(),                schoolClassName  : "class"+(i+1)            });        }        //调用Dao的add方法来使用user模型来增加        schoolClassDao.addSchoolClass(schoolClass,dbHelper,function(result){            res.json(result);        });    }}
①调用user的add方法，生成10个user。url：http://10.222.225.19:8080/userAddAction

②调用user的find方法查看。url：http://10.222.225.19:8080/userFindAction
{  "success": 1,  "flag": "find data success",  "result": [    {      "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830a",      "userName": "user1",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830b",      "userName": "user2",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830c",      "userName": "user3",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830d",      "userName": "user4",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830e",      "userName": "user5",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830f",      "userName": "user6",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa500168310",      "userName": "user7",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa500168311",      "userName": "user8",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa500168312",      "userName": "user9",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa500168313",      "userName": "user10",      "__v": 0    }  ]}
③调用schoolClass的add方法，生成2个schoolClass。url：http://10.222.225.19:8080/schoolClassAddAction
④调用schoolClass的find方法查看。url：http://10.222.225.19:8080/schoolClassFindAction
{  "success": 1,  "flag": "find data success",  "result": [    {      "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235edd",      "schoolClassName": "class1",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235ede",      "schoolClassName": "class2",      "__v": 0    }  ]}

user_schoolClassController除了add方法和find方法不一样，其余大致相同。

var schoolClassDao =require('../DBSql/schoolClassDao');var dbHelper = require('../DBhelper/dbHelper');var userDao =require('../DBSql/userDao');var user_schoolClassDao =require('../DBSql/user_schoolClassDao');/** * add user_schoolClass * @returns {Function} */exports.user_schoolClassAddAction = function() {    return function(req, res) {                var userId = new Array();        var schoolClassId = new Array();        //查找存在的所以user        userDao.findUser({},dbHelper,function(result){           if(result.success==1){               var user =result.result;                               //把每个user的id取出放进数组userId               for(var i=0;i<user.length;i++){                   userId[i]=user[i]._id;               }                              //以相同做法将schoolClass的id取出放在schoolClassId中               schoolClassDao.findSchoolClass({},dbHelper,function(result){                   if(result.success==1){                       var schoolClass =result.result;                       for(var i=0;i<schoolClass.length;i++){                           schoolClassId[i]=schoolClass[i]._id;                       }                                             var user_schoolClass = new Array();                       for(var i=0;i<schoolClassId.length;i++){                           //将前5个user与schoolclass1关联                           if(i==0){                               for(var j=0;j<5;j++){                                   user_schoolClass.push({                                       userId:userId[i],                                       schoolClassId:schoolClassId[i]                                   });                               }                           }                           else{                               //将后5个user与schoolclass2关联                               for(var j=5;j<10;j++){                                   user_schoolClass.push({                                       userId:userId[i],                                       schoolClassId:schoolClassId[i]                                   });                               }                           }                       }                                              //中间表将增加user与schoolclass关联                       user_schoolClassDao.addUser_schoolClass(user_schoolClass,dbHelper,function(result){                           res.json(result);                       });                   }               });           }        });    }}/** * 查找方法，不关联查找 * user_schoolClass find * @returns {Function} */exports.user_schoolClassFindAction = function() {    return function(req, res) {        var conditions ={};        user_schoolClassDao.findUser_schoolClass(conditions,dbHelper,function(result){            res.json(result);        });    }}/** * 关联查找 * user_schoolClass find Ref * @returns {Function} */exports.user_schoolClassFindRefAction = function() {    return function(req, res) {        var conditions ={};        //用空格隔开要被填充的字段        var path="userId schoolClassId"        user_schoolClassDao.findUser_schoolClassRef(conditions,path,dbHelper,function(result){            res.json(result);        });    }}

⑤调用user_schoolClass的add方法，生成2个schoolClass。url：http://10.222.225.19:8080/user_schoolClassAddAction
⑥调用user_schoolClass的不关联的find方法查看。http://10.222.225.19:8080/user_schoolClassFindAction
{  "success": 1,  "flag": "find data success",  "result": [    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b126",      "userId": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830a",      "schoolClassId": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235edd",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b129",      "userId": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830a",      "schoolClassId": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235edd",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12a",      "userId": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830a",      "schoolClassId": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235edd",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b128",      "userId": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830a",      "schoolClassId": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235edd",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b127",      "userId": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830a",      "schoolClassId": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235edd",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12e",      "userId": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830b",      "schoolClassId": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235ede",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12d",      "userId": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830b",      "schoolClassId": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235ede",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12c",      "userId": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830b",      "schoolClassId": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235ede",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12f",      "userId": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830b",      "schoolClassId": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235ede",      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12b",      "userId": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830b",      "schoolClassId": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235ede",      "__v": 0    }  ]}
可以看出并没有显示user 和schoolClass相关数据，只显示了id；
⑦调用user_schoolClass的关联的find方法查看。http://10.222.225.19:8080/user_schoolClassFindRefAction
{  "success": 1,  "flag": "population find data success",  "result": [    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b126",      "userId": {        "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830a",        "userName": "user1"      },      "schoolClassId": {        "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235edd",        "schoolClassName": "class1"      },      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b129",      "userId": {        "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830a",        "userName": "user1"      },      "schoolClassId": {        "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235edd",        "schoolClassName": "class1"      },      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12a",      "userId": {        "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830a",        "userName": "user1"      },      "schoolClassId": {        "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235edd",        "schoolClassName": "class1"      },      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b128",      "userId": {        "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830a",        "userName": "user1"      },      "schoolClassId": {        "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235edd",        "schoolClassName": "class1"      },      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b127",      "userId": {        "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830a",        "userName": "user1"      },      "schoolClassId": {        "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235edd",        "schoolClassName": "class1"      },      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12e",      "userId": {        "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830b",        "userName": "user2"      },      "schoolClassId": {        "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235ede",        "schoolClassName": "class2"      },      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12d",      "userId": {        "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830b",        "userName": "user2"      },      "schoolClassId": {        "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235ede",        "schoolClassName": "class2"      },      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12c",      "userId": {        "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830b",        "userName": "user2"      },      "schoolClassId": {        "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235ede",        "schoolClassName": "class2"      },      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12f",      "userId": {        "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830b",        "userName": "user2"      },      "schoolClassId": {        "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235ede",        "schoolClassName": "class2"      },      "__v": 0    },    {      "_id": "568c85b19f4a4e210f07b12b",      "userId": {        "_id": "568c82c1cf41cfa50016830b",        "userName": "user2"      },      "schoolClassId": {        "_id": "568c834c0de1c69ceb235ede",        "schoolClassName": "class2"      },      "__v": 0    }  ]}
PS：ip地址需要自己修改
可以通过"."(点)方法取出数据，取出userName方法result.userId.userName
参考文章：
http://geekblog.zhaoyan.me/mongoose-%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97-schemas-and-models/#.VoxtGvmF6Ul
https://cnodejs.org/topic/5206581b44e76d216aae072e
http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002727265
http://mongoosejs.com/docs/populate.html
http://ourjs.com/detail/53ad24edb984bb4659000013
资源下载：
http://download.csdn.net/detail/tangjiarao/9392633
                                             
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