op2-Install ArchLinux

op2-Install ArchLinux

下载镜像

选择一个最近的镜像站点下载比如：http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/archlinux/iso/，此处下载的为2015.12.01版本

新建虚拟机

Linux 3.x kernel 64bitsNAT启动之前选择镜像文件

启动

Boot Arch Linux (X86_64)

查看是否是ELF方式主板

root@archiso~ # ls /sys/fireware/efi/efivars   #存在则会有内容

查看是否存在网络连接

ping www.google.com

更新系统时间

timedatectl set-ntp true

磁盘分区(以MBR方式为例，使用parted工具，磁盘大小120G)

\#确认存储类型root@archiso~ # lsblk\#parted分区root@archiso~ # parted /dev/sda\#设置分区表，msdos代表MBR类型(parted) mklabal msdos\#分区mkpart part-type(primary|extended|logical) fs-type(ext4,fat,reiserfs,linux-swap) start end(parted) mkpart primary ext4 1MiB 100MiB    #boot(parted) mkpart primary ext4 100MiB 30GiB   #home(parted) mkpart primary linux-swap 30GiB 33GiB  #swap(parted) mkpart primary ext4 33GiB 100%     #/\#设置boot分区 set partition(use print to identify) boot on(parted) set 1 boot on(parted) quit

创建文件系统(mkfs工具)

root@archiso~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1root@archiso~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2root@archiso~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4root@archiso~ # mkswap /dev/sda3root@archiso~ # swapon /dev/sda3

挂载硬盘到当前“假根”中的/mnt目录

root@archiso~ # mount /dev/sda4 /mnt

创建boot目录供Linux启动

root@archiso~ # mkdir -pv /mnt/bootroot@archiso~ # mkdir -pv /mnt/home

把启动分区/dev/sda1挂载至/mnt/boot目录

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot# root@archiso~ # mount /dev/sda3 /mnt# linux会自动挂载swap分区，因此不需要在这里挂载root@archiso~ # mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

参考资料：http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/103205/error-no-such-device-after-installing-arch-linux

在根分区安装base|base-devel

\#修改国内源root@archiso~ # nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist    ## Score: 0.3, China    Server = http://mirror.hust.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$archroot@archiso~ # pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel

创建fstab用于开机挂载各个分区(使用各种文件系统)

root@archiso~ # genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab  #U表示以UUID方式标识

根切换至“真正的根”，并指定先启动/bin/bash

root@archiso~ # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

安装vim

[root@archiso /]# pacman -S vim

语言配置

1、编辑/etc/locale.gen，并去掉对应语言前的注释

[root@archiso /]# vim /etc/locale.gen    en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8       zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8

2、根据/etc/locale.gen配置生成语言

[root@archiso /]# locale-gen

3、编辑(创建)系统语言配置/etc/locale.conf

[root@archiso /]# vim /etc/locale.conf    LANG=en_US.UTF-8

配置时区

[root@archiso /]# tzselect    按照提示选择对应区域[root@archiso /]# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime[root@archiso /]# hwclock --systohc --utc   #设置格林尼治时间?

initramfs

[root@archiso /]# mkinitcpio -p linux

bootloader

[root@archiso /]# pacman -S grub os-prober[root@archiso /]# grub-install --recheck /dev/sda   #把bootloader安装在整个sda上而不是根所在的分区如果这一步报错出现can't find EFI directory，就使用grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda[root@archiso /]# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg  #创建grub的配置文件

hostname

[root@archiso /]# vim /etc/hostname    ArchLinux-husa

添加用户

[root@archiso /]# useradd -m -g users -G wheel,power -s /bin/bash husa[root@archiso /]# passwd husa

安装sudo

[root@archiso /]# pacman -S sudo[root@archiso /]# visudo    #uncomment to allow group wheel to execute any command

umount|reboot

root@archiso~ # umount -R /mntroot@archiso~ # reboot

登陆后切换到husa用户

[root@ArchLinux-husa ~]# su - husa

确保网络连接顺畅

[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# ip addr    发现没有IP地址，接口名称为eno16777736[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo systemctl enable [e-mail]#这一步中可能因为环境差异导致无法开启dhcp服务，其实只要在在/usr/lib/systemd/system目录下找一找dhcp名称的服务就可以了。进一步如果dhcpd没有启动失败，查一下日志，如果是要绑定网卡的话，就要使用enabled@IFACE格式设置了，这个在service脚本中有说明的[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo dhcpcd[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# ip addr    发现接口eno16777736已经有IP地址

安装plasma

\#安装X Window Server用于图形界面的显示[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S xorg xorg-xinit\#安装KDE Frameworks 5[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S kf5 kf5-aids\#安装KDE桌面环境Plasma以及相关应用[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S plasma kdebase gwenview\#安装字体，没有字体plasma桌面无法完整显示[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S ttf-freefont\#安装显示管理器，用于在启动脚本最后启动X会话，此处为sddm[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S sddm sddm-kcm[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo systemctl enable sddm\#配置sddm[root@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sddm --example-config /etc/sddm.conf     生成例子配置[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# su - husa[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo vim /etc/sddm.conf    Session=plasma.desktop    User=husa    Current=breeze    CursorTheme=breeze_cursors\#安装必要的包[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S gtk-engines gtk2 gtk3 gnome-themes-standard gnome-icon-theme[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S ntp[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo systemctl enable ntpd\#安装网络管理器[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S networkmanager net-toolss[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager dhcpcd\#安装声音管理工具[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S alsa-utils pulseaudio pulseaudio-alsa libcanberra-pulse libcanberra-gstreamer jack2-dbus kmix\#重启[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo reboot

安装chrome

[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S chromium

安装VMWare Tools

[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S open-vm-tools[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/vntoolsd.service    在Service中添加        KillSignal=SIGKILL[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo systemctl enable vmtoolsd.service

中文乱码

[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S hannom[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo reboot

搜狗输入法

\#安装fcitx[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -S fcitx-im kcm-fcitx\配置fcitx[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# qtconfig-qt4    interface        default input method            fcitx\#安装yaourt[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo vim /etc/pacman.conf    添加以下内容        [archlinuxcn]        #The Chinese Arch Linux communities packages.        SigLevel = Optional TrustedOnly        Server   = http://repo.archlinuxcn.org/$arch[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo pacman -Sy yaourt    #同步并安装yaourt\#安装搜狗输入法[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# yaourt fcitx-sogoupinyin[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# reboot\#配置输入法KDE    Computer        System Settings            Regional Settings                Input Method                    Addon Config                        Apply SogouPinyin[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# reboot\#chrome测试sogouOkay\#KWrite测试sogouNot Okay\#配置xprofile[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo vim ~/.xprofile    输入以下内容        export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx        export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx        export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"[husa@ArchLinux-husa ~]# sudo reboot\#KWrite测试sogouOkay

中文字体

(Mainly) Chineseadobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts - Simplified Chinese OpenType/CFF fontsadobe-source-han-sans-tw-fonts - Traditional Chinese OpenType/CFF fontswqy-microhei - A Sans-Serif style high quality CJKV outline font.wqy-zenhei - Hei Ti Style (sans-serif) Chinese Outline font embedded with bitmapped Song Ti (also supporting Japanese (partial) and Korean characters).ttf-arphic-ukai - Kaiti (brush stroke) Unicode font (enabling anti-aliasing is suggested)ttf-arphic-uming - Mingti (printed) Unicode fontopendesktop-fonts - New Sung font, previously is ttf-fireflysung packagewqy-bitmapfont - Bitmapped Song Ti (serif) Chinese fontttf-hannom - Chinese and Vietnamese TrueType fontttf-i.bmingAUR - CJK serif font that emphasis on an old-style typefacettf-twAUR - Kai and Song traditional Chinese font from the Ministry of Education of Taiwan

Done

参考资料：

1、https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/SDDM
2、https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Yaourt_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)
3、http://www.techrapid.co.uk/linux/arch-linux/install-kde-plasma-on-arch-linux/
4、https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_guide